Uke waya e-United States, ikakhulukazi eningizimu-ntshonalanga ye-US, noma eMelika Ephakathi noma eNingizimu? Noma uhlela ukuya ezweni elinjalo? Ngakho-ke kubaluleke kakhulu ukuthi uqaphele engizokusho. Cabanga ukuthi unomkhuhlane, ukukhwehlela, kanye nobuhlungu bomzimba izinsuku ezimbalwa. Ungase ucabange ukuthi lokhu kungumkhuhlane ovamile. Kodwa-ke, uma uke waya kulezo zindawo, kungenzeka ukuthi lokhu kuyisifo sefungus esibizwa ngokuthi 'i-valley fever' noma i-Valley Fever . Ungakhathazeki, ake sixoxe ngalokhu kalula.
Iyini ngempela 'i-Valley Fever'?
Kalula nje, i-Valley Fever iwukutheleleka kwesikhunta okuthinta amaphaphu akho. Ibangelwa uhlobo lwesikhunta olubizwa ngokuthi i-Coccidioides (KOCK-SI-DE-OY-DIES). Le khunta ihlala enhlabathini. Kodwa hhayi eSri Lanka. Ivame ukutholakala ezingxenyeni eziseningizimu-ntshonalanga ye-United States (njengeCalifornia ne-Arizona), izingxenye zesifundazwe saseWashington, kanye nasenhlabathini yeMelika Ephakathi neseNingizimu.
Ngakho-ke lokhu kungena kanjani emizimbeni yethu? Cabanga ngakho njengomoya onamandla ovunguza ngakwesokunene sethu, uvunguza uthuli, noma lapho inhlabathi ivunguzwa ngokumba, ukwakha, noma imimoya enamandla kulezo zindawo, izinhlayiya ezincane zalesi sikhunta enhlabathini zingena emoyeni. Uma siphefumula lowo moya, lezo zinhlayiya ziya emaphashini ethu bese ziqala ukukhula lapho. Yileyo ndlela lokhu kutheleleka okwenzeka ngayo.
Into ebalulekile ukuthi, i-Valley Fever ayisona isifo esingasakazeka sisuka komunye umuntu siye komunye. Okuwukuphela kwendlela ongasithola ngayo ukuphefumula umoya onothuli endaweni lapho kukhona khona isikhunta.
Qaphela lezi zimpawu.
Esikhathini esiningi, le fungus ayibonisi zimpawu ngisho noma ingena emzimbeni. Kodwa-ke, uma kuvela izimpawu, zifana kakhulu nezimpawu zomkhuhlane ovamile. Yingakho abantu abaningi bewudida.
| Isibonakaliso | Incazelo |
|---|---|
| Ukuzizwa ukhathele kakhulu (Ukukhathala) | Ukuzizwa ukhathele kakhulu kangangokuthi awukwazi ukwenza lutho. |
| Imfiva | Ukuzizwa ushisa futhi unomkhuhlane. |
| Ukukhwehlela | Ukukhwehlela okomile noma okunezikhwehlela. |
| Ukuqhuma Kwesikhumba | Amaqhubu abomvu, onsomi, noma ansundu, ikakhulukazi emilenzeni, angavela. Ngokwezokwelapha, lawa abizwa ngokuthi i-erythema nodosum . |
| Ubuhlungu bamalunga nemisipha | Ubuhlungu bomzimba kanye nobuhlungu bamalunga. |
| Ukujuluka ebusuku | Ukujuluka ngokweqile ebusuku ngaphandle kwesizathu esithile. |
| Ubunzima bokuphefumula | Ukuzizwa uphelelwa umoya (ukuphelelwa umoya) . |
Ubani osengozini enkulu?
Noma ubani ophefumula isikhunta i-Coccidioides angathola lesi sifo. Kodwa-ke, abanye abantu banamathuba amaningi okuba nezimpawu noma izinkinga ezinkulu.
- Abantu abangaphezu kweminyaka engama-60 ubudala: Njengoba ukhula, amasosha omzimba wakho angase angasebenzi kahle.
- Omama abakhulelwe: Ikakhulukazi omama abasesigabeni sesithathu sokukhulelwa.
- Abantu abanezifo ezifana ne-HIV/AIDS, labo abathola ukwelashwa komdlavuza, noma labo abathatha imithi ecindezela amasosha omzimba njengemithi yokucindezela amasosha omzimba basengozini enkulu.
- Abantu abanesifo sikashukela.
- Abantu bezinhlanga ezithile: Ucwaningo lukhombisile ukuthi abantu abamnyama namaPhilippines basengozini enkulu yokuthola lesi sifo.
- Abantu abasebenza ngothuli: Abantu abasebenza ezindaweni ezinothuli, njengabavubukuli kanye nezisebenzi zokwakha, banamathuba amaningi okudalulwa.
Ingabe lokhu kungaba yinto engathi sína? Yiziphi izinkinga?
Iningi labantu (cishe abangu-90-95 kwabayi-100) abathola i-Valley Fever abaguli kakhulu futhi bayalulama ngokwabo phakathi namasonto noma izinyanga ezimbalwa. Kodwa-ke, inani elincane kakhulu labantu lingase libe nezinkinga.
- Ukutheleleka kwamaphaphu isikhathi eside: Kwabanye abantu, lokhu kutheleleka kungaqhubeka emaphashini. Lokhu kungabangela izimpawu ezifana nokukhwehlela okungapheli, ubuhlungu besifuba, kanye nokwehla kwesisindo.
- I-pneumonia: Ukutheleleka okukhulu kwamaphaphu kungenzeka.
- I-coccidioidomycosis esabalele: Lena inkinga eyingozi kakhulu. Kulesi simo, isikhunta singaphuma emaphashini sisakazeke ngegazi siye kwezinye izingxenye zomzimba, njengamathambo , amalunga, isikhumba, kanye nobuchopho .
Uma ukutheleleka kusakazekela ebuchosheni, lesi simo sibizwa ngokuthi 'i-coccidioidal meningitis.' Lokhu kungaba yingozi empilweni. Izimpawu zifaka phakathi ikhanda elibuhlungu, intamo eqinile, kanye noshintsho ekuboneni nasekuzweni.
Ukuthola kanjani lokhu, Dokotela?
Uma uke waya endaweni lapho i-Valley Fever ivame khona futhi ube nezimpawu ezifana nomkhuhlane isikhathi esingaphezu kwesonto, kubalulekile ukutshela udokotela wakho. Umlando wakho wohambo ubaluleke kakhulu ekuxilongweni kwalesi sifo.
Udokotela angase ancome ukuhlolwa okuningana ukuqinisekisa ukuxilongwa:
- Ukuhlolwa kwegazi: Lena yindlela evame ukusetshenziswa kakhulu. Ibheka ama-antibodies akhiqizwa ngumzimba wakho ngokumelene ne-Coccidioides fungus noma izingxenye ze-fungus (ama-antigens) egazini lakho.
- I-X-ray yesifuba noma i-CT scan: Ukuhlola izimpawu zokutheleleka emaphashini.
- I-Biopsy: Akuvamile kakhulu ukuthi kuthathwe ingcezu encane yezicubu esikhumbeni noma emaphashini bese ihlolwa ngaphansi kwesibonakhulu ukuze kubonakale ukuthi isikhunta sikhona yini.
Iphathwa kanjani?
Ukwelashwa kunqunywa ubukhulu besifo.
- Abantu abaningi abadingi ukwelashwa: Uma izimpawu zakho zingezimbi kakhulu, amasosha omzimba wakho angalawula ukutheleleka ngokwawo. Udokotela wakho uzokutshela ukuthi uphumule futhi uqaphele izimpawu zakho.
- Imithi yokulwa nesikhunta: Uma ukutheleleka kukhulu, kusakazeka, noma uma unezinye izici eziyingozi, udokotela wakho angase akunikeze imithi yokulwa nesikhunta. Lokhu kungafaka amaphilisi afana ne-Fluconazole, i-Itraconazole, noma, ezimweni ezimbi kakhulu, imithi efakwa emthanjeni efana ne-Amphotericin B.
Lokhu kwelashwa kuvame ukuthatha izinyanga ezi-3 kuya kwezi-6 noma ngaphezulu.
Kunini lapho kufanele ufune khona iseluleko sezokwelapha ngokushesha?
Uma utholakale une-Valley Fever, iya ekamelweni lezimo eziphuthumayo esibhedlela esiseduze (i-ETU) ngokushesha uma uthola noma yiziphi izimpawu ezilandelayo. Lezi zingase zibe izimpawu zokuthi ukutheleleka kuyasakazeka.
- Igazi ematheni
- Ukuqina kwentamo kanye nekhanda elibuhlungu kakhulu
- Ubunzima obukhulu bokuphefumula
- Izinguquko ezingazelelwe embonweni noma ekuzweni
Ungazivikela kanjani?
Uma uhlala noma uhamba uye endaweni lapho isikhunta se-Coccidioides sivame khona, kunzima ukusigwema ngokuphelele. Kodwa ungenza lezi zinto ukuze unciphise ingozi yakho:
- Gwema izindawo ezinothuli: Gwema ukuphuma, ikakhulukazi ngesikhathi sezindawo zokwakha kanye neziphepho zothuli.
- Hlala endlini uvale amafasitela ngesikhathi seziphepho zothuli.
- Uma usebenza engadini noma umba, gqoka imaski ye-N95.
- Kungaba ngcono uma ungasebenzisa isihlungi se-`HEPA` esihlanza umoya ekhaya lakho.
Umlayezo Wokuya Nawe Ekhaya
- I-Valley Fever iwukutheleleka kwesikhunta okuthwalwa yinhlabathi okutholakala e-United States nakwamanye amazwe amaningana. Akuvamile eSri Lanka, kodwa kubalulekile ukuthi labo abavakashela kwamanye amazwe baqaphele.
- Lesi sifo asidluliselwa kusuka komunye umuntu siye komunye.
- Abantu abaningi abathola lokhu kutheleleka abanazo izimpawu noma izimpawu ezincane kuphela futhi balulama ngokwabo.
- Uma unezimpawu ezifana nomkhuhlane nokukhwehlela okuqhubeka isikhathi esingaphezu kwesonto ngemuva kokubuya endaweni enobungozi obukhulu, qiniseka ukuthi wazisa udokotela wakho.
- Uma uzwa izimpawu eziyingozi njengekhanda elibuhlungu kakhulu, ukuqina kwentamo, noma ubunzima bokuphefumula, hamba ngokushesha e-Emergency Treatment Unit (ETU).
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