Uyazazi yini "i-Valley Fever" evame kakhulu ezingxenyeni ezithile zaseMelika? Ake sixoxe ngayo!

Wake waya eNingizimu-ntshonalanga yaseMelika, noma ezingxenyeni zeMelika Ephakathi neNingizimu? Noma uhlela ukuya? Uma kunjalo, lokhu kungase kukuthakazelise. Namuhla sizokhuluma ngokutheleleka okungavamile kwesikhunta okubizwa ngokuthi "i-Valley Fever." Kuthinta amaphaphu ethu.

Kuyini "i-Valley Fever"? Kalula nje...

Kalula nje, "i-valley fever" iwukutheleleka kwesikhunta emaphashini akho. Ibangelwa uhlobo lwesikhunta esibizwa ngokuthi i-Coccidioides. Le khunta ihlala endaweni ezungezile, ikakhulukazi eningizimu-ntshonalanga ye-United States (njengeCalifornia ne-Arizona), izingxenye zesifundazwe saseWashington, kanye nasenhlabathini yeMelika Ephakathi neseNingizimu.

Cabanga nje, isigaba sokuqala salokhu kutheleleka kwesikhunta i-`(Coccidioides)` sibizwa ngokuthi i-`(Valley Fever).` Ngezinye izikhathi uma lokhu kwenzeka, izimpawu ezifana nomkhuhlane noma umkhuhlane zingase zivele, noma zingase ziphele ngaphandle kwezimpawu. Kodwa-ke, ngezinye izikhathi lokhu kungaphenduka isimo esibi kakhulu.

Kuthiwa abantu ababalelwa ezinkulungwaneni ezingamashumi amabili bathola i-"Valley Fever" minyaka yonke. Ivame kakhulu eCalifornia nase-Arizona. Ibizwa nangokuthi i-"Coccidioidomycosis".

Ziyini izimpawu "zomkhuhlane ophansi"? Bheka ukuthi unazo yini lezi zimpawu

Esikhathini esiningi, lokhu kutheleleka akubanga zimpawu. Kodwa-ke, uma uba nezimpawu ze-"Valley Fever", zingase zihlanganise:

• Ukuqhuma okunamaqhubu esikhumbeni ashintshe umbala (obomvu, onsomi, onsundu, noma omnyama). Odokotela bakubiza lokhu ngokuthi `(Erythema Nodosum)`.
• Ukukhwehlela
• Ukuzizwa ukhathele kakhulu (Ukukhathala)
• Imfiva
• Ubuhlungu bamalunga
• Ubuhlungu bemisipha
• Ukujuluka ebusuku
• Ubunzima bokuphefumula (i-Dyspnea)

Ngezinye izikhathi odokotela babiza lokhu kuqubuka kwesikhumba, umkhuhlane, kanye nokuqina kwamalunga ngokuthi "i-desert rheumatism."

Umuntu uthola kanjani "umkhuhlane wesigodi"?

Kunezinhlobo ezimbili zesikhunta seCoccidioides ezibangela iValley Fever:

1. `(Coccidioides immitis)` (`C. immitis`): Lesi sikhunta simila enhlabathini yaseCalifornia.

2. `(Coccidioides posadasii)` (`C. posadasii`): Lokhu kutholakala kwezinye izingxenye zaseMelika nasemhlabathini weMelika Ephakathi neNingizimu.

Zombili izinhlobo zibangela izimpawu ezifanayo.

Manje ake sibone ukuthi lokhu kungena kanjani emizimbeni yethu. Uma inhlabathi iphazamiseka, okungukuthi, uma siyimba, njengasemoyeni, lezi fungi ziyahlukana. Uma zihlukana, izingxenye ezincane zokuzala, ezibizwa ngokuthi ama-spores , zikhishwa emoyeni. Uma uphefumula umoya oqukethe la ma-spores, angena emaphashini akho ahlale, lapho aqala khona ukukhula abe amaqoqo amakhulu ama-spores, abizwa ngokuthi ama-spherules.

Lawa ma-spherule angaphinde aqhekeke, athumele ama-spherule engeziwe kwezinye izingxenye zamaphaphu akho, futhi ngezinye izikhathi nakwezinye izingxenye zomzimba wakho. Lawo ma-spherule angabe esephinda akhe ama-spherule, asakaze isikhunta emzimbeni wakho wonke.

Okubalulekile: Lesi sikhunta asivamile ukutholakala enhlabathini yaseSri Lanka. Sinqunyelwe ezindaweni ezithile zezwe. Ngakho-ke, asikho isidingo sokuba abantu abahlala eSri Lanka bakhathazeke kakhulu ngalokhu. Kodwa-ke, kubalulekile ukuthi labo abaya kulezi zindawo baqaphele lokhu.

Ingabe "i-valley fever" iyathelelana?

Cha, i-Valley Fever ayisona isifo esithelelanayo. Awukwazi ukusithola komunye umuntu. Kodwa-ke, ngezinye izikhathi singasakazeka ezindaweni lapho kunothuli oluningi emoyeni, isibonelo ezindaweni ezinemimoya enamandla noma ngesikhathi sokwakhiwa.

Kodwa-ke, akuvamile kakhulu, ukuthi ungaphefumula ama-spores avela esilondeni esivulekile emzimbeni womuntu onomkhuhlane wesigodi. Kodwa amathuba okuba lokho kwenzeke mancane kakhulu. Ezimweni eziningi, okuwukuphela kwendlela yokukuthola ukuphefumula ama-spores emoyeni ngaphandle.

Ubani osengozini enkulu yokuthuthukisa lokhu?

Uma umuntu ephefumula isikhunta `(C. immitis)` noma `(C. posadasii)`, angathola `(Valley Fever).` Kodwa-ke, uma uneminyaka engaphezu kwengu-60 ubudala, kungenzeka kakhulu ukuthi uthole lokhu.

Futhi, usengozini enkulu yokuthola "i-Valley Fever" uma:

• Uma ungumuntu omnyama noma wasePhilippines.
• Uma usesigabeni sesithathu sokukhulelwa.
• Uma isimiso sakho somzimba sokuzivikela sibuthakathaka, "usengozini yokuzivikela." Lokhu kungaba ngenxa yesimo esifana nokuthi "i-HIV/AIDS", noma kungaba ngenxa yokuphuza imithi ethile efana nokuthi "imithi yokucindezela amasosha omzimba" noma "imithi yokuvimbela amasosha omzimba".
• Uma unesifo sikashukela (i-Diabetes Mellitus).
• Uma usanda kuhamba noma uthuthele endaweni lapho kuhlala khona le fungus.
• Uma usebenza ngenhlabathi noma ngothuli (isib. ukulima, ukwakha).

Yiziphi izinkinga ezingaba khona ngenxa "yomkhuhlane wesigodi"?

Izinkinga ezibangelwa yi-Valley Fever zivame ukungabi vamile. Abantu aba-5 kuya kwabayi-10 kuphela kwabayi-100 baba nezimpawu ezinzima. Futhi, cishe umuntu oyedwa kwabayi-100 kuphela ozothola ukutheleleka kwezinye izingxenye zomzimba.

Kodwa-ke, uma uhlangabezana nezinkinga ezinkulu, zingase zihlanganise:

• I-Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS)
• I-Pleural Effusion noma i-Empyema
• Ukusabalala kokutheleleka ngaphandle kwamaphaphu (i-Disseminated Coccidioidomycosis)
• Inyumoniya
• I-Hydropneumothorax (isikhwama esigcwele uketshezi noma esigcwele umoya emaphashini)

Kulezi, inkinga eyingozi kakhulu ye-Valley Fever ukusabalala kokutheleleka ngale kwamaphaphu. Lokhu kungasakazekela ezithweni zakho ezifana nalezi:

• Ithambo
• Ubuchopho
• Ukuhlangana
• Isibindi
• Izinso
• I-Pancreas
• Isikhumba

Uma i-Coccidioidomycosis isakazekela ebuchosheni, ungaba nesifo esibizwa ngokuthi i-Coccidioidal Meningitis. Lokhu kungaba yingozi empilweni . Kungabangela nezimpawu zezinzwa ezifana nokushintsha kokubona nokuzwa, ikhanda elibuhlungu, kanye nentamo eqinile.

Odokotela bakuthola kanjani "umkhuhlane wesigodi"?

Udokotela uzothatha umlando wakho wezokwelapha, abuze ngezimpawu zakho kanye nomlando wohambo, bese enza ukuhlolwa ngokomzimba. Ukuze athole ukuthi une-Valley Fever, angenza lezi zivivinyo ezilandelayo:

• I-Biopsy : Udokotela uthatha isampula encane yezicubu zakho bese eyithumela elabhorethri ukuze ahlole izimpawu zesikhunta i-Coccidioides.
• Ukuhlolwa Kwegazi : Ukuhlolwa kwegazi kuvame ukusetshenziselwa ukuxilonga i-Valley Fever. Kuthumela isampula yegazi elabhorethri bese kubheka ama-antibodies noma ama-antigen aqondene ngqo ne-Coccidioides fungus.
• Ukuhlolwa Kwezithombe: Udokotela wakho angenza i-X-ray yesifuba noma i-CT scan ukuhlola izimpawu ze-pneumonia ezibangelwa yi-Valley Fever.

Iphathwa kanjani "i-valley fever"?

Ukwelashwa kwe-Valley Fever kuncike ebunzimeni bayo. Udokotela wakho angase ancome indlela "yokulinda ngokuqapha". Lokhu kusho ukuthi awudingi ukwelashwa ngokushesha ngoba awunazo izimpawu ezinzima, kodwa bazokuqapha eduze futhi benze izivivinyo njalo.

Uma unesifo esibi noma esiqhubekayo, noma uma usengozini yezimo ezibucayi (isibonelo, isifo samaphaphu esingamahlalakhona (i-COPD)), bangase bakunike imithi yokukhunta. Lokhu kungafaka:

• I-Amphotericin B inikezwa ngemithambo yegazi
• `(I-Fluconazole)`
• `(Itraconazole)`

Kungadingeka ukuthi uthathe ukwelashwa nge-fungus izinyanga ezintathu kuya kweziyisithupha. Kodwa-ke, uma une-Valley Fever noma izinkinga ezinkulu, lesi sikhathi singase sibe side.

Kufanele ngimbone nini udokotela?

Uma uhlala endaweni lapho i-fungus `(Coccidioides)` ivame khona, noma usanda kuya endaweni enjalo, futhi unezimpawu ezifana nomkhuhlane ezihlala isikhathi esingaphezu kwesonto, bona udokotela ngokushesha .

Uma udokotela ekuxilonga ukuthi une-"Valley Fever" bese uba nanoma yiziphi zalezi zimpawu, xhumana naye ngokushesha, noma uye egumbini lezimo eziphuthumayo eliseduze:

• Igazi ematheni
• Ukuqina kwentamo
• Ubunzima bokuphefumula
• Izinguquko embonweni noma ekuzweni

Uma ubona udokotela wakho, ungase ufune ukumbuza le mibuzo:

• Ingabe ngisengozini enkulu yokuthola ukutheleleka okukhulu kwe-"Valley Fever"?
• Hlobo luni lwesikhunta (i-Coccidioides) olubangele ukutheleleka kwami?
• Yikuphi ukwelashwa okuncomayo?
• Ingabe kufanele ngiqaphele ezinye izimpawu?
• Kufanele ngiye nini egumbini lezimo eziphuthumayo?

Ingabe "umkhuhlane wesigodi" ungavinjelwa?

Uma uhlala endaweni lapho kuvame khona ama-spores e-Coccidioides, kungaba nzima ukugwema ukuwaphefumula. Kodwa-ke, ungenza okulandelayo ukuze unciphise ingozi yakho yokuthola i-Valley Fever:

• Gwema izindawo lapho ungase uhlangane khona nenhlabathi noma uthuli.
• Ngesikhathi seziphepho zothuli, vala amafasitela bese uhlala endlini.
• Sebenzisa izihlungi ze-High-Efficiency Particulate Air (HEPA) ekhaya lakho.
• Gqoka imaski yokuphefumula ye -N95 lapho ulima engadini, umba, noma wenza eminye imisebenzi yangaphandle engakuchaya ezinhlamvini zesikhunta.

Yini engingayilindela uma ngithola "umkhuhlane wesigodi"?

Iningi labantu liyalulama kwi-Valley Fever ngaphandle kwezinkinga zesikhathi eside. Kodwa-ke, inani elincane labantu lingase libe nokutheleleka okuqhubekayo kwamaphaphu. Lokhu kungathatha isikhathi eside ukululama - ngezinye izikhathi iminyaka. Izinga lokufa ngenxa ye-Valley Fever lingaphansi kwesisodwa ezimweni eziyikhulu.

Akuvamile ukuthi isikhunta sisabalale kwezinye izingxenye zomzimba wakho. Uma singelashwa, i-coccidioidomycosis ebuchosheni bakho ingaba yingozi.

Ihlala isikhathi esingakanani "i-valley fever"?

Izimpawu ze-Coccidioidomycosis zivame ukuphela zodwa phakathi kwamasonto noma izinyanga ezimbalwa.

Kodwa-ke, inani elincane labantu lingase libe nesifo esiqhubekayo emaphashini abo. Uma lokhu kuhlala isikhathi eside, odokotela bakubiza ngokuthi yi-chronic (long-term) lung `(coccidioidomycosis). Izimpawu ze-chronic lung `(coccidioidomycosis)` yilezi:

• Ubuhlungu besifuba
• Ukukhwehlela okungapheli
• Ukukhwehlela igazi (i-Hemoptysis)
• Ubunzima bokuphefumula
• Ukwehlisa isisindo ngaphandle kwesizathu

Ingabe "umkhuhlane ophansi" ungenzeka okwesibili?

Ezimweni eziningi, uma uthola i-Valley Fever bese ululama, amathuba okuphinde uyithole aphansi.

Ngingasusa kanjani isikhunta esibangela "umkhuhlane wesigodi" engadini yami?

Ama-spores e-Coccidioides mancane kakhulu - angabonakala kuphela nge-microscope. Ayikho indlela elula yokuwabona noma ukuwasusa engadini yakho.

Okubalulekile: Lesi seluleko sisebenza kulabo abahlala ezindaweni zase-United States lapho isikhunta `(Coccidioides)` sivame khona. Asikho isidingo sokwesaba kangaka lesi sikhunta emasimini aseSri Lanka.

Okokugcina, izinto okufanele uzikhumbule (Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya)

Uma uhlala endaweni lapho i-fungus i-Coccidioides ikhula khona, kungaba nzima kancane ukugwema i-Valley Fever. Ngenhlanhla, izimo eziningi azizimbi kakhulu futhi zixazululeka zodwa.

Kodwa-ke, uma ukhulelwe, uneminyaka engaphezu kwengu-60, noma unesimiso somzimba esibuthakathaka, kungumqondo omuhle ukuthatha izinyathelo ezimbalwa ezengeziwe ukuze uzivikele. Usengakujabulela ukuphuma ngaphandle. Kodwa-ke, kungumqondo omuhle ukugqoka imaski ye-N95 bese uhlala endlini, ikakhulukazi ngezinsuku ezinomoya. Khuluma nodokotela wakho ngezinye izindlela ongazivikela ngazo impilo yakho nokuthi yiziphi izimpawu okufanele uziqaphele.

Khumbula: Lesi yisifo esithinta izingxenye ezithile zase-United States. Kodwa-ke, njengomhambi noma kuphi emhlabeni, kubalulekile ukuqaphela lezi zinto. Hlala uphilile!

Umkhuhlane Wesigodi, Ama-Coccidioides, Ukutheleleka Ngesikhunta, Isifo Samaphaphu, Ukukhwehlela, Umkhuhlane, Ukutheleleka Ngesikhunta, Isifo Samaphaphu