Ingabe unezinkinga ngemithambo yakho yegazi? Ake sixoxe ngesifo semithambo yegazi!

Wake wacabanga ukuthi lolu hlelo lwemithambo yegazi lubaluleke kangakanani emzimbeni wethu wonke? Lufana nemigwaqo, le mithambo yegazi ithwala igazi liye kuzo zonke izingxenye zomzimba wethu. Ngakho-ke uma kukhona inkinga kulolu hlelo lwemithambo yegazi, okungukuthi, emigwaqweni lapho igazi ligeleza khona, khona-ke simane sikubize ngokuthi "Isifo Semithambo Yegazi" . Lesi akusona isifo esisodwa, kodwa izinhlobo eziningi zezifo zihambisana nalesi.

Iyini i-Cyculatory System? Masiyiqonde kalula!

Cabanga nje, ngaphakathi emzimbeni wethu kukhona uhlelo olufana nenethiwekhi enkulu yemigwaqo. Yilokhu esikubiza ngokuthi uhlelo lokujikeleza kwegazi . Izingxenye eziyinhloko zalokhu yimithambo yegazi. Kunezinhlobo ezintathu zale mithambo yegazi:

1. Imithambo: Lena yimithambo emikhulu ethwala igazi elihlanzekile, elinomoya-mpilo lisuka enhliziyweni liye kuzo zonke ezinye izitho nezicubu. Njengamapayipi amakhulu athwala amanzi esuka ethangini lamanzi aya ezindlini.

2. Imithambo: Lena yimithambo ethwala igazi elisetshenzisiwe, elingenawo umoya-mpilo libuyele enhliziyweni lisuka kuwo wonke umzimba. Ifana namapayipi aqoqa amanzi asetshenzisiwe.

3. Ama-Capillary: Lena yimithambo yegazi emincane kakhulu emzimbeni wethu, enobukhulu obungangoboya . Le mithambo emincane ithwala umoya-mpilo nezakhamzimba ezivela emithanjeni iye emaselini omzimba wethu, futhi iqoqa imfucuza evela emaselini bese iyiletha emithanjeni. Ifana nemigwaqo emincane exhumanisa imigwaqo emikhulu eya ezindlini ezincane.

Ngakho-ke, uma kunenkinga nganoma yisiphi salezi zitho ezintathu - imithambo yegazi, imithambo yegazi, kanye nama-capillary - noma ngegazi ngokwalo, elithinta ukujikeleza kwegazi, kungaba yisifo sohlelo lwemithambo yegazi, okungukuthi, "isifo semithambo yegazi".

Yiziphi izinhlobo zezifo zemithambo yegazi?

Leli gama elithi `(Isifo Semithambo Yegazi)` lingafika ngezindlela eziningi. Amanye athinta imithambo yegazi kuphela, amanye athinta imithambo yegazi kuphela. Ngezinye izikhathi lezi zifo zingavela ezindaweni ezithile zomzimba kuphela. Ake sibheke ezimbalwa zezinhlobo eziyinhloko.

1. Isifo Semithambo Engasogwini (i-PAD)

Okwenzekayo kulokhu ukuthi, njengemithambo yenhliziyo, eminye imithambo engaphandle kwenhliziyo (ikakhulukazi imithambo ethwala igazi iye emilenzeni) ivaleka ngamafutha kanye ne-cholesterol (lokhu kubizwa ngokuthi "i-Atherosclerosis". Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, lokhu kuvinjelwa kuyanda futhi ukugeleza kwegazi kuyehla. Ngemuva kwalokho, ngenxa yokuthi igazi aligelezi kahle, ukulimala kwezicubu kungenzeka "i-Ischemia".

Kunezinhlobo eziningana ze-"Peripheral Artery Disease":

• Isifo Semithambo Yemilenze Engaphesheya: Yilapho ukugeleza kwegazi emilenzeni kuncipha khona. Ngezinye izikhathi, uma ukugeleza kwegazi kunqamuka ngokuphelele, izicubu ezikuleyo ndawo zingafa (i-Gangrene) futhi umlenze ungase udingeke unqunywe. Cabanga ngakho njengezihlahla ezifa lapho ipayipi lamanzi lasensimini livaleka ngothuli futhi amanzi eyeka ukugeleza.
• I-Intestinal Ischemic Syndrome: Isimo esibangelwa ukuvaleka kwemithambo yegazi ehambisa amathumbu.
• Isifo Semithambo Yezinso: Ukuvaleka kwemithambo yegazi ethwala igazi ezinso. Lokhu kungaholela ekucindezelekeni kwegazi okuphezulu kanye nokwehluleka kwezinso.
• I-Popliteal Entrapment Syndrome: Lesi yisimo esingavamile, ikakhulukazi kubadlali abasebasha, lapho umthambo we-popliteal, otholakala ngemuva kwedolo, ungacindezelwa yimisipha nemisipha kuleyo ndawo, okubangela ukuvaleka kokugeleza kwegazi.
• Isenzakalo SikaRaynaud: Uma ibekwe emakhazeni noma ngaphansi kokucindezeleka, imithambo emincane yeminwe nezinzwane iyaqina ngokuzumayo. Iminwe ingase iphenduke ibe mhlophe, ibe luhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, bese iba bomvu.
• Isifo SikaBuerger: Lokhu kuthinta kakhulu imithambo yegazi emincane nephakathi, imithambo yegazi, kanye nemizwa ezandleni nasezinyaweni. Imbangela eqondile ayaziwa, kodwa ihlotshaniswa nokusetshenziswa kukagwayi (ukubhema, ukuhlafuna ugwayi) . Kunezimo lapho ukuphakelwa kwegazi ezandleni nasezinyaweni kuncipha khona, okubangela "i-Ischemia", ukufa kwezicubu eminweni nasezinzwaneni, kanye "ne-Gangrene"

2. Izinkinga ze-Carotid Artery

Kunemithambo emibili emikhulu ezinhlangothini zombili zentamo yethu ethwala igazi liye ebuchosheni. Le ibizwa ngokuthi "i-Carotid Arteries". Uma kunezinkinga ngale mithambo, kungaba yingozi kakhulu.

• Isifo Semithambo Ye-Carotid: Lokhu ukuvaleka noma ukuncishiswa komthambo ohambisa igazi ebuchosheni. Lokhu kungabangela ukuhlaselwa yi-ischemic okuhamba kancane (i-TIA) noma isifo sohlangothi .
• Ukuhlukaniswa Kwemithambo Ye-Carotid: Ukudabuka odongeni lwemithambo, okubangela ukuba igazi liphume.
• Izimila Zomzimba Ze-Carotid: Izimila ezakheka ezicutshini zemizwa ezizungeze umthambo we-carotid.
• I-Carotid Artery Aneurysm: Ubuthakathaka bodonga lwemithambo oluvuvukala njengebhaluni. Lokhu kungaqhuma futhi.

3. Isifo Semithambo Yemithambo

Imithambo yegazi eguquguqukayo enama-valve ngaphakathi avumela igazi ukuthi ligeleze ohlangothini olulodwa kuphela. Uma sifinyeza imisipha yethu, la ma-valve ayavuleka bese igazi ligeleza liye phezulu. Uma siphumuza imisipha yethu, ama-valve ayavaleka bese igazi liyeka ukugeleza liye phansi.

Kodwa uma la ma-valve onakele, awavaleki kahle . Bese igazi liqala ukugeleza kuzo zombili izinhlangothi. Lapho imisipha ikhululeka, ama-valve emithanjeni eyonakele awakwazi ukubamba igazi. Lokhu kubangela ukuthi imithambo igcwale igazi, ivuvuke, futhi ibukeke sengathi iboshiwe. Izimpawu ezifana nokusinda emilenzeni, ubuhlungu, ukuvuvukala, ukuqaqamba, kanye nokulunywa zingavela. Kungakha nama-clots egazi.

• Imithambo Ye-Varicose: Imithambo evuvukele, ensomi, nesontekile evela ngaphansi kwesikhumba. Lokhu kubangelwa ukulimala kwama-valve emithanjeni. Kungenzeka ukuthi uke wabona le nkinga kubantu abaningi.
• Imithambo Yesicabucabu: Imicu emincane ebomvu noma ensomi ebonakala emadolweni, emaqakaleni nasemathangeni. Lokhu kubangelwa ukuvuvukala kwama-capillary.
• I-Klippel-Trenaunay syndrome (KTS): Lesi yisifo esingavamile sokuzalwa esibangelwa yimithambo yegazi.
• I-May-Thurner syndrome (MTS): Umthambo we-right iliac ucindezela umthambo we-left iliac, okwandisa ingozi ye-deep vein thrombosis (DVT) emlenzeni wesobunxele.
• I-Thoracic Outlet Syndrome (TOS): Iqembu lezimpawu ezibangelwa ukucindezelwa, ukulimala, noma ukucasuka kwemizwa kanye/noma imithambo yegazi (imithambo yegazi nemithambo yegazi) entanyeni engezansi, emakhwapheni, nasesifubeni esingaphezulu.
• Ukungasebenzi kahle kwemithambo yegazi (CVI): Isimo lapho izindonga kanye/noma ama-valve emithambo yegazi emilenzeni engasebenzi kahle, okwenza kube nzima ukuthi igazi libuyele enhliziyweni.

4. Amahlule egazi

Amahlule egazi ayenzeka lapho into ethile egazini lethu ibangela ukuba igazi lethu libe likhulu futhi lifane nejeli. Uma kwenzeka ihlule legazi (i-thrombus) ngaphakathi kwemithambo yegazi, lingaphuka futhi lihambe negazi, okubangela i-deep vein thrombosis (DVT), i-pulmonary embolism (Pulmonary Embolism), ukuhlaselwa yinhliziyo, noma isifo sohlangothi .

Uma kwakheka amahlule egazi emithanjeni yegazi, kwandisa ingozi yokushaywa yisifo sohlangothi, ukuhlaselwa yinhliziyo, ubuhlungu obukhulu emilenzeni, ubunzima bokuhamba, ngisho nokulahlekelwa yilungu lomzimba.

• Izimo ze-Hypercoagulable / Izinkinga ze-Blood Clotting: Igazi labanye abantu liqina ngokushesha kunokujwayelekile. Lokhu kungaba yi-genetic (ezuzwe njengefa) noma kungakhula kamuva ekuphileni. Lokhu kwandisa ingozi yokuqina kwegazi emithanjeni nasemithanjeni. Lokhu kungabangelwa izinto eziningi egazini ezisiza i-blood clot, njenge-`(Fibrinogen)`,`(Factor 8)`,`(Prothrombin)`, noma ukwehla kwamaprotheni emvelo avimbela i-blood clot, njenge-`(Antithrombin)`,`(Protein C)`,`(Protein S)`.
• I-Deep Vein Thrombosis (DVT): Ihlule legazi liyakheka emthanjeni ojulile ngaphakathi emzimbeni.
• I-Pulmonary Embolism: Ihlule legazi elakheka emthanjeni liyaqhekeka bese lihlala emthanjeni emaphashini. Lesi yisimo esiyingozi kakhulu .
• I-Axillo-subclavian vein thrombosis (Paget-Schroetter Syndrome): Isimo semithambo yegazi esivame kakhulu kubadlali abasebasha, abancintisanayo. Ingozi yokuqhekeka kwegazi iyanda lapho i-clavicle, ubambo lokuqala, noma imisipha ezungezile icindezela i-axilla noma i-subclavian vein.
• I-Thrombophlebitis Engaphandle: Kwakha ihlule legazi emthanjeni ngaphansi kwesikhumba bese kubangela ukuvuvukala.

5. I-Aortic Aneurysm

I-aneurysm iwukuba buthaka kodonga lomthambo wegazi, okubangela ukuba luvuvuke njengebhaluni. Nakuba kungenzeka kunoma yimuphi umthambo wegazi, kuvame ukubonakala ku-aorta, umthambo wegazi oyinhloko ophuma enhliziyweni.

• I-Thoracic Aortic Aneurysm: Ukuvuvukala kwe-aorta endaweni yesifuba.
• I-Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm: Ukuvuvukala kwe- aorta endaweni yesisu.

Okubalulekile: Uma i-aneurysm iqhuma, ingaba yingozi empilweni, ngakho-ke kubaluleke kakhulu ukuqaphela lokhu.

6. I-Fibromuscular Dysplasia (i-FMD)

Lesi futhi yisimo esingavamile. Kulesi simo, amaseli odongeni lwemithambo yegazi ephakathi nekhulu akhula ngendlela engajwayelekile. Lokhu kungashintsha ukuma kwemithambo yegazi, kuyenze ibukeke njengemicu, futhi kunciphise imithambo yegazi. Lokhu kungaholela ezinkingeni ezifana nokuqhekeka kwemithambo yegazi kanye nokuqhekeka kwemithambo yegazi.

7. I-Lymphedema

Uhlelo lwe-lymphatic luyinethiwekhi yemithambo ye-lymph kanye nama-lymph node asiza isimiso somzimba wethu sokuzivikela. Lolu hlelo luvikela umzimba wethu ezintweni zangaphandle. I-Lymphedema yilapho le mithambo ye-lymph noma ama-node onakele, onakele, noma esuswa, okubangela uketshezi lwe-lymph ukuba luqoqeke endaweni eyodwa futhi luvuvuke.

• I-Primary Lymphedema: Ayivamile. Abanye abantu bazalwa bengenawo ama-lymph node noma benokukhubazeka kuwo.
• I-Secondary Lymphedema: Lokhu kwenzeka uma kukhona ukuvaleka noma ukuvaleka ohlelweni lwe-lymphatic. Lokhu kungabangelwa izinto ezifana nokutheleleka, umdlavuza, ukuhlinzwa, izicubu ezibomvu, ukulimala, i-DVT, kanye nokwelashwa ngemisebe.

8. I-Vasculitis

Lokhu ukuvuvukala kwemithambo yegazi, okusho ukuthi iyavuvukala. Lokhu kungabangelwa umuthi, ukutheleleka, noma ngezinye izikhathi kungatholakali imbangela. Lokhu kwenza kube nzima ukuthi igazi ligeleze emithanjeni yegazi. Ngezinye izikhathi kungahlotshaniswa nezimo ze-rheumatological noma izifo zezicubu ezixhumeneyo. I-Vasculitis ingadala ne-aneurysm.

Ubani othinteka kakhulu yisifo semithambo yegazi?

Abanye abantu bathola izinkinga zemithambo yegazi kubazali babo ngokusebenzisa izakhi zofuzo. Ezimweni ezinjalo, isibonelo, izimo zokujiya kwegazi, kufanele baphile nalezi zinkinga kusukela besebancane.

Kodwa-ke, izifo eziningi zemithambo yegazi zibangelwa ukunqwabelana kwamafutha kanye ne-cholesterol (i-plaque) emithanjeni ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Isibonelo, Isifo Semithambo Engaphesheya noma Isifo Semithambo Engaphazamisi. I-atherosclerosis, ukuqina kwezindonga zemithambo yegazi, ingaqala ebudaleni obusha futhi ingabangela izinkinga eminyakeni ephakathi noma kamuva.

Zivame kangakanani lezi zifo eSri Lanka?

Lezi zifo zemithambo yegazi sezivame kakhulu naseSri Lanka. Ikakhulukazi iSri Lanka.Le ngozi ikhuliswa kakhulu yizici ezifana nemikhuba yokudla engafanele, ukwanda kwesifo sikashukela, ukuntuleka kokuzilolonga, nokubhema . Izimo ezibizwa ngokuthi "i-Peripheral Artery Disease (PAD)" kanye "ne-Carotid Artery Disease" zivamile.

Ziyini izimpawu zesifo semithambo yegazi?

Lokhu kuyahlukahluka kuye ngohlobo lwesifo. Ake sibheke izimpawu zezinhlobo ezimbalwa ezinkulu zezifo.

Izimpawu zesifo semithambo yegazi engaphandle (i-PAD):

• Imithambo yegazi evalekile emilenzeni: Ubuhlungu noma ukuqina kwemilenze ngesikhathi usebenza noma uhamba, okuphela ngemva kokuphumula isikhashana. Ukushintsha kombala wesikhumba, amanxeba angapholi, kanye nomuzwa wokukhathala emilenzeni.
• Ischemia yamathumbu: Ubuhlungu obukhulu besisu, isicanucanu, ukuhlanza, isifo sohudo, ukulahlekelwa yisifiso sokudla, kanye nokwehla kwesisindo.
• Isifo semithambo yezinso: Umfutho wegazi ophezulu ongalawuleki (umfutho wegazi ophakeme), ukwehluleka kwenhliziyo okubangelwa ukuminyana, kanye nokungasebenzi kahle kwezinso.
• I-Popliteal entrapment syndrome: ukungazweli, ukuthuthumela, ukulahlekelwa umuzwa, kanye nokushintsha kombala emlenzeni nasonyaweni.
• Isenzakalo sikaRaynaud: iminwe nezinzwane ziphenduka zibe bomvu, zibe luhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, noma zibe mhlophe, zithuthumela, futhi zibe ndikindiki.
• Isifo sikaBuerger: Ubuhlungu ezandleni, ezinyaweni, naseminweni ngisho nalapho uphumule. Iminwe ingase ibe luhlaza okwesibhakabhaka noma ibe mhlophe.

Izimpawu zezinkinga ezihlobene nomthambo oyinhloko entanyeni (i-Carotid Artery):

• Isifo semithambo ye-carotid: Ngokuvamile, izimpawu azibonakali kuze kube yilapho kuvela isifo sohlangothi noma i-TIA . Izimpawu zohlangothi zifaka: ubunzima bokubona noma ukukhuluma, ukudideka, kanye nezinkinga zenkumbulo.
• Ukusikwa kwemithambo ye-carotid: Ikhanda elibuhlungu, ubuhlungu bentamo, ubuhlungu bamehlo noma bobuso.
• Izimila zomzimba we-carotid: Ukushaya kwenhliziyo okusheshayo, umfutho wegazi ophakeme, ukujuluka, ikhanda elibuhlungu.
• I-aneurysm yemithambo ye-carotid: Kungase kube nokuhlaselwa yisifo sohlangothi noma i-transient ischemic attack (TIA).

Izimpawu zesifo semithambo yegazi:

• Imithambo ye-Varicose kanye nemithambo yesicabucabu: ukuvuvukala, ubuhlungu, kanye nokubonakala kwemithambo eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka noma ebomvu emilenzeni.
• I-Klippel-Trenaunay syndrome (KTS): Ubuhlungu noma ukusinda emlenzeni noma engalweni.
• I-May-Turner syndrome (MTS): ukuvuvukala kwemilenze, ubuhlungu uma ucindezelwa, isikhumba esibomvu noma esishintsha umbala.
• I-Thoracic Outlet Syndrome (TOS): Ubuhlungu entanyeni, engalweni, nasehlombe, ukungazweli esandleni noma eminweni.
• Ukungakwazi ukusebenza kahle kwemithambo yegazi okungapheli (i-CVI): Ukuqaqamba kwemilenze, ukusinda noma ukuqaqamba kwemilenze, ukuvuvukala.

Izimpawu Zokuqhekeka Kwegazi:

• Izimo zokujiya kwegazi: `(DVT)` noma `(Pulmonary Embolism` kungenzeka.
• I-Deep vein thrombosis (DVT): ubuhlungu bomlenze, ukuvuvukala, ukufudumala, ukubomvu kwesikhumba.
• I-Pulmonary Embolism: Ukukhwehlela igazi, ubuhlungu besifuba, ubunzima bokuphefumula. Lesi yisimo esiphuthumayo!
• I-Axillo-subclavian vein thrombosis: ukuvuvukala, ukusinda noma ubuhlungu engalweni noma eminweni, ukushintsha kombala wesikhumba okuluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka.
• Ukuvuvukala kwemithambo yegazi engaphezulu ngenxa yamahlule egazi: ukuvuvukala, ubuhlungu, ukufudumala, kanye nokubomvu kwesikhumba esizungeze umthambo.

Izimpawu ze-Aortic Aneurysm:

• I-aneurysm yemithambo yesifuba: ubuhlungu besifuba, ukushaya kwenhliziyo okusheshayo, ubunzima bokugwinya, ukuvuvukala kwentamo.
• I-aneurysm ye-aorta yesisu: Ubuhlungu besisu noma umhlane, isiyezi, isicanucanu nokuhlanza, (uma i-aneurysm iqhuma) ukushaya kwenhliziyo okusheshayo. Lokhu nakho kuyisimo esiphuthumayo!

Izimpawu ze-Fibromuscular dysplasia (FMD):

Ubuhlungu bentamo, ukushintsha kombono, umfutho wegazi ophakeme, isiyezi, ukuzwa umsindo "wokukhala" ezindlebeni, noma ukuzwa ukushaya kwenhliziyo.

Izimpawu ze-Lymphedema:

Ukuvuvukala kwezandla noma izinyawo, ikakhulukazi.

Izimpawu ze-Vasculitis:

Ukuzizwa ungaphilile, umkhuhlane, ukuvuvukala.

Ziyini izimbangela zesifo semithambo yegazi?

Imbangela eqondile yezinkinga ezithile zemithambo yegazi ayaziwa, kodwa kunezimbangela ezithile ezivamile:

• I-Cholesterol Ephezulu
• Umfutho Wegazi Ophakeme
• Ukubhema noma ukusebenzisa imikhiqizo kagwayi (lesi isitha esikhulu!)
• Isifo Sikashukela (i-Diabetes Mellitus)
• Izakhi zofuzo ezizuzwe kubazali
• Eminye imithi
• Ukulimala
• Izifo
• Amahlule egazi

Isifo semithambo yegazi sitholakala kanjani?

Uma unalezi zimpawu, into yokuqala okufanele uyenze ukubona udokotela . Udokotela uzokubuza ngezimpawu zakho, ukuthi ukhona yini emndenini wakho oke waba nalezi zimo, futhi uzokwenza ukuhlolwa ngokomzimba. Kungakusiza ukukukhipha izicathulo zakho namasokisi bese ubonisa udokotela izinyawo zakho.

Kuye ngohlobo lwesifo semithambo yegazi udokotela asola ukuthi sikhona, angayala ukuhlolwa kwegazi kanye nokuskena okukhethekile (izithombe).

Yiziphi izivivinyo zokuxilonga?

Ezifweni eziningi zemithambo yegazi, kuba namahlule noma ukuvaleka ngaphakathi kwemithambo yegazi. Ngakho-ke, ukuze ubone lokhu ngqo, kusetshenziswa izindlela ``(Imaging)`` ezingabheka ngaphakathi kwemithambo yegazi.

• I-Vascular Ultrasound: Lokhu kusebenzisa amaza omsindo ukudala izithombe zemithambo yegazi. Kungahlola ukugeleza kwegazi nokuthi kukhona yini ukuvaleka.
• I-Catheter Angiography: Ithubhu elincane (i-catheter) lidlula emthanjeni wegazi, kufakwe uketshezi olukhethekile, bese kuthathwa izithombe ze-X-ray. Lokhu kuvumela ukuthi ingaphakathi lomthambo wegazi libonakale kahle.
• I-CT Angiography: I-CT scan isebenzisa uketshezi olukhethekile ukuthatha izithombe zemithambo yegazi ezinobukhulu obuthathu.
• I-MR Angiography: I-MRI scan isetshenziselwa ukuthatha izithombe ezinemininingwane zemithambo yegazi.

Ziphathwa kanjani izifo zemithambo yegazi?

Akukho ukwelashwa okukodwa kwalokhu futhi. Ukwelashwa kuyahlukahluka kuye ngohlobo lwesifo. Ngezinye izikhathi, izinguquko zendlela yokuphila njengokushintshela ekudleni okunempilo nokuzivocavoca umzimba kunganikeza impumuzo ebalulekile. Ezinye izifo zidinga imithi, kanti ezinye zidinga izinqubo zokuhlinzwa.

Ake sibheke kafushane izindlela zokwelapha izifo eziningana ezinkulu:

Ukwelashwa kwesifo semithambo yegazi engaphandle (i-PAD):

• Imithambo yegazi evalekile emilenzeni: ukudla, ukuvivinya umzimba, imithi, ukuhlinzwa.
• Ischemia yamathumbu: Ama-painkiller, imithi yokuqeda amahlule, ukususwa kwehlule ngokuhlinzwa. Ezimweni ezingamahlalakhona, i-angioplasty, i-stenting, noma ukuhlinzwa kwe-bypass kungenziwa.
• Isifo semithambo yezinso: Ukudla okunempilo nosawoti omncane. Imithi yokucindezeleka kwegazi, `(Statins)` (imithi yokwehlisa i-cholesterol).
• I-Popliteal entrapment syndrome: Ukuhlinzwa kokukhipha "i-Popliteal Artery".
• Isenzakalo sikaRaynaud: Gcina izandla nezinyawo zakho zifudumele. Thatha imithi ethi ``(Dilated)`` esiza ukugcina imithambo yegazi ivulekile.
• Isifo sikaBuerger: Kubalulekile ukuyeka ngokuphelele ukusebenzisa imikhiqizo kagwayi. Gcina izandla nezinyawo zakho zifudumele. Thatha ama-vasodilator.

Ukwelashwa kwezinkinga ezihlobene nomthambo oyinhloko entanyeni (i-Carotid Artery):

• Isifo semithambo ye-carotid: Ukudla okunempilo. Izinto zokunciphisa igazi kanye nemithi yokwehlisa i-cholesterol. Ukususwa kwe-carotid endarterectomy ukususa i-plaque. I-Angioplasty kanye ne-stenting ukugcina imithambo ivulekile.
• Ukuhlukaniswa kwemithambo ye-carotid: `(Antiplatelets)` (imithi evimbela ukuhlangana kweplatelet yegazi), `(Anticoagulants)` (imithi evimbela ukujiya kwegazi), `(Stening)`.
• Izimila zomzimba we-carotid: Ukususwa kwesimila ngokuhlinzwa.
• I-aneurysm yemithambo ye-carotid: Imithi yokunciphisa umfutho wegazi, imithi yokwehlisa i-cholesterol, imithi yokuvimba igazi. Ukuhlinzwa kokuhlinzwa nge-bypass noma i-stent-graft.

Ukwelashwa Kwesifo Semithambo Yemithambo:

• Imithambo yegazi kanye nemithambo yesicabucabu: Ukususwa kusetshenziswa ukushisa, amanzi anosawoti, noma i-laser.
• I-Klippel-Trenaunay Syndrome (KTS): Ukwelashwa okufanayo nokwelashwa kwe-venous thromboembolism.
• I-May-Turner Syndrome (MTS): Ukwelashwa okufanayo ne-`(DVT)`.
• I-Thoracic Outlet Syndrome (TOS): Ukwelashwa Komzimba, Imithi.
• Ukungasebenzi kahle kwemithambo yegazi okungapheli (CVI): Ukunyakaza njalo kwemilenze, ukugqoka amasokisi okucindezelayo. Ukwelashwa kwemithambo yegazi ngamanzi anosawoti, nge-laser, noma ngokusika.

Ukwelashwa Kwamahlule Egazi:

• Ukwelashwa kwezimo zokujiya kwegazi: `(DVT)` kanye `(Pulmonary Embolism)` kuyafana.
• I-Deep vein thrombosis (DVT): Ukuphakama kwemilenze. Ama-blood thinner kanye nama-painkiller.
• I-Pulmonary Embolism: Izinto zokunciphisa igazi kanye ne-thrombolytics (izincibilikisi zegazi). Ukuhlinzwa ukuze kususwe i-clot.
• I-Axillo-subclavian vein thrombosis: `(Thrombolytics)`, imithi yokunciphisa igazi. Ukususwa kwehlule legazi.
• Ukuqina kwemithambo yegazi okungaphezulu: Phakamisa ingalo/umlenze othintekile ngaphezu kwenhliziyo. Faka ukushisa. Gqoka amasokisi okusekelayo. Ukususwa komthambo ngokuhlinzwa.

Ukwelashwa kwe-Aortic Aneurysm:

• I-Thoracic Aneurysm: Ukuhlinzwa kokufaka i-graft yendwangu noma i-stent. Lokhu kungaba ukuhlinzwa okukhulu kuye ngokuthi indawo kanye nobuchwepheshe bokuhlinzwa buyini.
• I-Abdominal aortic aneurysm: Ukuhlinzwa kokufaka i-graft. Ukulungiswa kwe-Endovascular inqubo engathathi hlangothi kakhulu.

Ukwelashwa kwe-fibromuscular dysplasia (FMD):

Izinto zokunciphisa igazi, iziqeda ubuhlungu. `(Angioplasty)`. Ukuhlinzwa ukuvimbela ukuqhuma komthambo wegazi.

Ukwelashwa kwe-Lymphedema:

Phakamisa ingalo/umlenze othintekile ngaphezu kwezinga lenhliziyo yakho ngenkathi ulele phansi cishe imizuzu engama-45 kabili ngosuku. Gqoka isikhwama sokucindezela. Sebenzisa ingalo/umlenze othintekile emisebenzini yansuku zonke. Uma udokotela wakho ekuncoma, iya emtholampilo we-lymphedema okhethekile.

Ukwelashwa kwe-Vasculitis:

Udokotela angase akunike imithi efana nama-steroid.

Yiziphi izinkinga/imiphumela emibi yokwelashwa?

Noma yimuphi umuthi ungaba nemiphumela emibi, kodwa izinzuzo zivame ukukufanelekela ukuwuthatha. Esikhathini esiningi, imiphumela emibi izophela zingakapheli izinsuku ezimbalwa. Uma ingekho, ungakhuluma nodokotela wakho mayelana nokushintshela komunye umuthi.

Uma ucabangela inqubo noma ukuhlinzwa, khuluma nodokotela wakho ngezingozi nezinzuzo. Okusebenza kumakhelwane wakho kungase kungasebenzi kuwe.

Yini okufanele ngiyenze ukuze ngigweme izifo zemithambo yegazi?

Awukwazi ukushintsha izinto ezifana neminyaka yakho, umlando womndeni, noma izakhi zofuzo. Kodwa ungenza lezi zinto:

• Lawula isifo sikashukela sakho, i-cholesterol ephezulu, kanye nomfutho wegazi ophezulu .
• Vivinya umzimba njalo. Ukuhamba okungenani imizuzu engama-30 ngosuku nakho kuhle.
• Yidla ukudla okunempilo. Nciphisa uwoyela, ushukela, nosawoti. Yidla izithelo, imifino kanye nokudla okucebile nge-fiber.
• Uma kufanele uhlale noma ume amahora amaningi ngesikhathi, hamba kancane bese uhambahamba okungenani kanye ngehora .
• Gcina isisindo esinempilo.
• Nciphisa ukucindezeleka.
• Gwema imikhiqizo kagwayi ngokuphelele. Lokhu kuyinto okumele uyenze.

Yini okufanele ngiyilindele uma nginesifo semithambo yegazi (i-Vasculopathy)?

Isifo semithambo yegazi ngezinye izikhathi singaba yinkinga yokuphila kwakho konke. Uma udokotela wakho ethola ukuthi unamafutha amaningi emithanjeni yakho yegazi, uzokutshela ukuthi wenze izinguquko ezithile endleleni yokuphila. Kuzodingeka uqhubeke nokwenza izinto ezifana nokuzivocavoca umzimba, ugweme ukubhema, futhi wenze ukukhetha kokudla okunempilo. Kungase kudingeke futhi uqhubeke uthatha imithi ukuze unciphise ingozi yokuba nesifo senhliziyo noma isifo sohlangothi.

Umbono walesi simo

Ezifweni eziningi zemithambo yegazi, lapho udokotela esheshe ayixilonge inkinga , kuba ngcono umbono. Izinkinga eziningi zemithambo yegazi ziba nzima ukuzelapha njengoba ziba zimbi kakhulu. Ezinye izimo zemithambo yegazi, njenge-`(Carotid Artery Dissection)`, `(Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm)` kanye ne-`(Pulmonary Embolism)`, zingaba yingozi empilweni.

Ngingazinakekela kanjani?

Ngaphezu kwalokhu okungenhla, kufanele uqhubeke uthatha imithi njengoba nje udokotela wakho ekuyalele futhi uye kohlolwa udokotela ngezinsuku ezihleliwe.

Kufanele ngimbone nini udokotela?

Uma kukhona ushintsho ekucindezelweni kwegazi lakho, noma uma unenkinga ngemithi oyinikezwe udokotela wakho, bona udokotela wakho ngokushesha.

Kufanele ngiye nini e-Emergency Treatment Unit (ETU) ?

Uma uhlangabezana nanoma yiziphi zalezi zimpawu , shayela ku-911 (1990 eSri Lanka) ngokushesha :

• Ukudideka noma isiyezi
• Ubunzima bokukhuluma (ukungingiza)
• Ukugoba kolunye uhlangothi lobuso
• Ubuhlungu obukhulu besifuba
• Ubuhlungu obukhulu besisu
• Ukulahlekelwa umbono
• Ubuthakathaka engalweni noma emlenzeni

Yimiphi imibuzo okufanele ngiyibuze udokotela wami?

• Yikuphi ukwelashwa okungcono kakhulu kwesimo sami esithile?
• Ingabe kukhona okunye okufanele ngikwenze ukuze nginakekele isimo semithambo yegazi yami?
• Zikhona yini ezinye izimo zezokwelapha ezihlobene okufanele ngizazi kanye nale nkinga yemithambo yegazi?

Into engcono kakhulu ongayenza ngengcindezi yakho yegazi ukuthi uqaphele . Ungayeki ukuhlolwa noma imithi yezokwelapha. Njengoba ezinye izinkinga zengcindezi yegazi zingena emindenini, ukwabelana ngolwazi lwakho lwezempilo nomndeni wakho kungabasiza ukuba bagweme futhi baqaphele umfutho wegazi. Njengoba umfutho wegazi ophezulu kanye ne-cholesterol kuyizinto eziyingozi zomfutho wegazi, cela umndeni wakho ukuthi nawo ubahlole.

Isifinyezo (Umyalezo Wokuya Nawe Ekhaya)

Kulungile, ngakho-ke ngicabanga ukuthi manje usuqonda kangcono izifo zemithambo yegazi esikhulume ngazo namuhla. Khumbula, lezi akuzona izinto okufanele uzithathe kalula . Kodwa-ke, uma uziqaphela kusenesikhathi, uziphathe kahle, futhi wenze izinguquko endleleni yokuphila, ungaphila kahle nalezi zifo. Ukudla okunempilo, ukuzivocavoca njalo , nokugwema ukubhemaIzinto ezilula ezifana nalezi zingenza umehluko omkhulu. Uma unokungabaza noma izimpawu, ungangabazi ukufuna iseluleko sezokwelapha. Hlala uphilile!

Isifo Semithambo Yegazi , Imithambo Yegazi, Imithambo Yegazi, Amahlule Egazi, I-Cholesterol