Wake wahlolwa amehlo? Uma sihamba, sivame ukucabanga ngokuthi ngabe ukubona kwethu kuya ngokuya kuba kubi yini nokuthi sidinga izibuko. Kodwa bewazi ukuthi udokotela wamehlo uhlola kakhulu amehlo akho? Esinye isivivinyo esibaluleke kangaka yi-Visual Field Test. Lokhu kungase kuzwakale njengento enzima ukuyenza, kodwa isivivinyo esilula kakhulu, esingenabuhlungu. Namuhla, sizoxoxa ngakho konke ngendlela elula kakhulu.
Kalula nje, iyini le Visual Field Test?
Zicabange ubheke phambili. Lonke ibanga ongalibona uma ubheka phambili, ngaphandle kokuhambisa ikhanda noma amehlo akho, okungukuthi, lonke ibanga ongalibona kuzo zonke izinhlangothi, phezulu, phansi, kwesokudla, nakwesobunxele, yilokho esikubiza ngokuthi insimu ebonakalayo.
Kalula nje, ngisho noma ubheke phambili, awukwazi ukubona muntu ovela kunoma yiluphi uhlangothi, akunjalo? Yilokho esikubiza ngokuthi umbono ongaphandle . Lokho okubheka ngqo kubizwa ngokuthi umbono ophakathi .
Ngakho-ke, okwenziwa yilolu vivinyo lwensimu yombono "ukudweba" yonke insimu yakho yokubona, okungukuthi, lonke uhlu lwalokho ongakubona. Kufana nemephu yaseSri Lanka, futhi kubheka ukuthi imephu yakho ebonakalayo ibukeka kanjani.
Lolu vivinyo lulinganisa izinto ezimbili eziyinhloko:
1. Ibanzi kangakanani insimu yakho yokubona? - Lokhu kusho ukuthi ungabona kude kangakanani phezulu, phansi, kwesobunxele, nakwesokudla uma ubheka phambili ngaphandle kokunyakaza ikhanda lakho.
2. Ubukhali bakho bokubona bunjani? - Ngaphakathi kobubanzi bonke bokubona kwakho, ezinye izindawo zicacile, ezinye izindawo azicacile, kanti ezinye izindawo azibonakali nhlobo. Ngakho-ke lokhu kukukhombisa nokuthi umbono wakho ubucayi kangakanani kuzo zonke lezi zindawo.
Ngokuvamile, amehlo ethu abona kahle kakhulu phambili. Yingakho uma sifuna ukubona okuthile ngokucacile, sijika amakhanda ethu aye kuleyo ndlela bese sibheka phambili. Njengoba sisuka enkabeni, umbono wethu uba lufifi kancane. Uma sisuka kude kakhulu, into iyanyamalala ngokuphelele emehlweni ethu.
Kungani lolu vivinyo lubaluleke kangaka?
Uma uvakashela udokotela wamehlo, lokhu kungenziwa njengengxenye yokuhlolwa okuvamile. Lokhu kuhlolwa kubaluleke kakhulu ngoba kungathola ezinye izimo ezingalimaza amehlo ngasese kusenesikhathi, ngaphambi kokuba kuvele noma yiziphi izimpawu.
Isibonelo esihle kakhulu yisimo esibizwa ngokuthi i-glaucoma . Lapho kuvela i-glaucoma, ingcindezi esweni iyanda, kancane kancane yonakalise i-optic nerve exhumanisa iso nobuchopho. Into yokuqala elahlekayo umbono ongaphandle. Kodwa ngenxa yokuthi lokhu kwenzeka kancane, abantu abaningi abawuboni umehluko. Kodwa-ke, lapho kwenziwa ukuhlolwa kwendawo yokubona, lokhu kulahlekelwa umbono, lezi "zindawo ezingaboni", kungabonakala ngokucacile.
Lokhu kuhlolwa kunikeza udokotela ulwazi oluningi mayelana nokusebenza kwesistimu yethu yokubona. Uhlelo lwethu lokubona lunezingxenye ezintathu eziyinhloko:
- I-Retina: Lokhu kutholakala ngaphakathi kweso. Kufana nefilimu ekhamera. Iguqula ukukhanya okungena esweni kube izimpawu zikagesi.
- I-Optic Nerve: Lena "ikhebula" elithwala izimpawu ezikhiqizwa ku-retina ziye ebuchosheni.
- Ubuchopho: Ubuchopho buyamukela lezi zimpawu, buzihlaziye, bese buziguqula zibe isithombe esisibonayo.
Uma kunenkinga kunoma iyiphi yalezi zindawo ezintathu, izobonakala emiphumeleni yokuhlolwa kwakho kwensimu yokubukwa. Kunezindlela ezithile zokushintsha kule mephu ebonakalayo ehlobene nezifo ezahlukahlukene. Ngokutadisha lezi zindlela, udokotela wakho angaqagela ukuthi hlobo luni lwesimo onaso.
Yiziphi izimo zezokwelapha eziyinhloko okwenziwa ngazo lokhu kuhlolwa?
Uma unezimpawu noma usola isifo, udokotela wakho angase akucele lokhu kuhlolwa. Imiphumela yalokhu kuhlolwa isetshenziselwa ukuxilonga isifo nokuqapha ukuthi isifo siyalawuleka noma siyanda.
| Isimo sezokwelapha | Isingeniso esifushane |
|---|---|
| I-Glaucoma | Ukulimala kwe-optic nerve ngenxa yokucindezela okukhulu esweni. Umbono ongaphandle uyalahleka kuqala. |
| Isifo sohlangothi | Ukuphazamiseka kokunikezwa kwegazi ebuchosheni kungabangela umonakalo ezingxenyeni zobuchopho ezihlobene nokubona. |
| Ukonakala kwe-Macular | Ukulimala engxenyeni ephakathi ye-retina (macula). Kubangela ukulahlekelwa umbono ophakathi. |
| I-Multiple Sclerosis (MS) | Isifo esonakalisa imizwa ebuchosheni nasemgogodleni. Singathinta ne-optic nerve. |
| Isifo Samathuna | Isimo esibangelwa yindlala yegilo esebenza ngokweqile. Amehlo angase avuvuke futhi inzwa ye-optic ingase icindezelwe. |
| Isifo Sezindlala Ze-Pituitary | Izimila endlaleni ye-pituitary ebuchosheni zingabangela ukucindezelwa kwenzwa ye-optic. |
| Indawo eyimpumputhe (i-Scotoma) | Ukuvela kwamabala emkhakheni wokubona, ukulahlekelwa umbono okuphelele noma okuyingxenye. |
Kungani abanye abantu kufanele baqhubeke nokubhala lolu vivinyo?
Lona futhi umbuzo abantu abaningi abawubuzayo. Ngezinye izikhathi udokotela angase akwenze lokhu kuhlolwa futhi akucele ukuthi uphinde ukwenze ezinsukwini ezimbalwa. Noma angase akucele ukuthi uphinde ukwenze ezinyangeni ezimbalwa, ngonyaka. Kunezizathu eziningana zalokho.
1. Qinisekisa imiphumela: Ake sithi ubukhathele ngosuku lokuhlolwa, noma ukugxilisa ingqondo kwakho bekungekuhle. Khona-ke kungase kube namaphutha amancane emiphumeleni. Ngakho ungacela ukuthi uphinde uhlolwe ukuze uqiniseke ukuthi imiphumela inembe ngokuphelele.
2. Qapha isimo sakho: Lesi yisona sizathu esiyinhloko. Ikakhulukazi kubantu abanezimo zesikhathi eside njenge-glaucoma, udokotela wakho uzokwenza lokhu kuhlolwa ngezikhathi ezithile. Ngemuva kwalokho angabona ukuthi imithi oyiphuzayo isebenza kahle yini, ukuthi isifo siya siba sibi kakhulu, noma ukuthi siyalawuleka yini. Lokhu kufana nokuhlola izinga likashukela lomuntu onesifo sikashukela noma ukuhlola umfutho wegazi womuntu onomfutho wegazi ophezulu.
Lokhu kuhlolwa kubalulekile kumuntu one-glaucoma. Kuyindlela engcono kakhulu yokwazi ukuthi ulahlekelwa umbono wakho ngaphandle kokuqaphela. Yingakho kubalulekile ukuya kudokotela nsuku zonke uyohlolwa.
Kwenzekani ngesikhathi sokuhlolwa?
Asikho isidingo sokulungiselela okuningi ngosuku olungaphambi kwalolu vivinyo. Lokhu akulona uvivinyo olubangela noma yimuphi umonakalo noma ubuhlungu emzimbeni.
Kunezindlela eziningana zokwenza i-Visual Field Test. Kodwa into evamile kuzo zonke lezi zindlela ukuthi kufanele ubheke ngqo endaweni eyodwa. Ngenkathi wenza kanjalo, kufanele unikeze isignali ngokushesha nje lapho ubona ukukhanya noma into ivela kunoma yiluphi uhlangothi. Kufanele unikeze leso signali ngokucindezela inkinobho encane esandleni sakho.
Ukuze wenze ukuhlolwa ngendlela efanele, kubaluleke kakhulu ukubheka phambili njengoba udokotela noma uchwepheshe ekutshela.
Izindlela zokuhlola ezilula kakhulu
Lezi akuzona izindlela eziyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu ezivame ukwenziwa njengokuhlola okuyisisekelo.
- I-Amsler Grid: Lokhu kufana nerula lesikwele. Inechashazi elikhulu phakathi. Okudingeka ukwenze nje ukuvala iso elilodwa bese ubheka ichashazi eliphakathi ngelinye iso. Njengoba ubheka, kufanele utshele udokotela uma imigqa ezikweleni inwetshiwe, iphukile, imibimbi, noma ifiphele kwezinye izindawo. Lokhu kuhlola kakhulu umbono wakho ophakathi.
- Ukuhlolwa Kwensimu Yokubona Kokubhekana: Kulesi sivivinyo, udokotela uhlezi phambi kwakho, cishe ngamamitha amathathu kuya kwamane ukusuka lapha. Uvala iso elilodwa bese ubheka ngqo ekhaleni likadokotela. Udokotela welula izandla zakhe emaceleni bese eziletha. Kufanele umtshele uma ubona isandla sakhe. Lokhu kukunikeza umbono ocacile wezinga lokubona kwakho okuzungezile.
Ukuhlolwa okunembe kakhulu, kwesimanje (Ukuhlolwa kwe-Perimetry)
Lezi izivivinyo ezisizwa yikhompyutha ezinikeza imiphumela enembile nenemininingwane eminingi. Lezi zivame ukubizwa ngokuthi izivivinyo ze-perimetry.
| Uhlobo lokuhlola | Ungakwenza kanjani? | Izibonelo ezidumile |
|---|---|---|
| I-Kinetic Perimetry | Lapha iphuzu lokukhanya lisuka ngaphandle komugqa wokubona liye ngaphakathi. Kufanele ubonise ngokushesha nje lapho ulibona. | Ukuhlolwa kwe-Goldmann Perimetry |
| I-Static Perimetry | Ufaka ikhanda lakho emshinini omise okwesitsha bese ubheka iphuzu eliphakathi nendawo. Emaphethelweni ahlukene emshinini, amachashazi okukhanya okukhanya okuhlukahlukene ayakhanya futhi acime. Lapho nje ubona ukukhanya, kufanele ucindezele inkinobho esandleni sakho. | I-Humphrey Field Analyzer, i-Octopus Perimetry |
Lezi zivivinyo ezisekelwe kukhompyutha zinembile kakhulu ngoba zigcina ikhanda lakho lisendaweni efanayo, amehlo akho egxilile, futhi zilinganisa ukuzwela kwakho kokubona ngokunembile ngokushintsha ukukhanya kokukhanya. Zingaqhathanisa nemiphumela nemiphumela evamile yomuntu ophilile.
Kuthatha isikhathi esingakanani lokhu kuhlolwa?
Ngokuvamile kuthatha imizuzu emi-5 kuya kweyi-10 ukuhlola iso elilodwa, ngakho-ke lokhu akulona ukuhlolwa okude nokukhathazayo.
Ithini imiphumela?
Udokotela uzokuchazela imiphumela yokuhlolwa, okuyi-"imephu yakho yokubona."
- Umphumela "Ojwayelekile": Lokhu kusho ukuthi azikho izinkinga ngensimu yakho yokubona, azikho izindawo ezingaboni.
- Umphumela "Ongajwayelekile": Lokhu kusho ukuthi umbono wakho unciphile kwezinye izindawo zensimu yakho yokubona. Lokhu kulahlekelwa umbono kungaba sendaweni encane noma kusakazeke endaweni enkulu.
Into ebaluleke kakhulu iphethini yalokhu kulahlekelwa umbono. Ngokuqondile, zikuphi lezi zindawo ezimnyama ebalazweni? Ngokutadisha lelo phethini, udokotela wakho angathola umbono omuhle wokuthi yisiphi isimo sezokwelapha esingaphansi kwakho. Isibonelo, kunomehluko ocacile endleleni yokulahlekelwa umbono okubangelwa isimila se-pituitary kanye nendlela yokulahlekelwa umbono okubangelwa yi-glaucoma.
Uma imiphumela yakho ingajwayelekile, ungakhathazeki. Udokotela wakho uzochaza ngokucacile isizathu, okufanele ukwenze ngokulandelayo, kanye nanoma yikuphi ukwelashwa okudingekayo.
Ngingayibona nini udokotela?
Uma ubona noma yiziphi izinguquko ezintsha noma ukungakhululeki embonweni wakho, ungakushayi indiva. Qiniseka ukuthi ubona udokotela wakho.
Uma ulahlekelwa umbono wakho ngokuzumayo noma uzwa ubuhlungu obukhulu bamehlo, kuyisimo esiphuthumayo. Yiya e-Emergency Treatment Unit (ETU) yesibhedlela esiseduze ngokushesha.
Ngisho noma ucabanga ukuthi uphilile, kusabalulekile ukuhlolwa amehlo njalo ngoba yilapho ongathola khona futhi welaphe izinkinga zamehlo ongase ungazazi.
Umlayezo Wokuya Nawe Ekhaya
- Ukuhlolwa Kwensimu Ebonakalayo kuyindlela elula, engenabuhlungu elinganisa yonke insimu yakho yokubona (ububanzi bokubona).
- Lokhu kungakunikeza ulwazi mayelana nombono wakho ophakathi, kanye nombono wakho ongaphandle, okuyindawo yokubona ongayibona nhlangothi zombili.
- Lokhu kuhlolwa kubaluleke kakhulu ukuthola izifo ezifana ne-glaucoma zisesesigabeni sokuqala, ngaphambi kokuba zibonise noma yiziphi izimpawu.
- Uma usuvele uthola ukwelashwa kwesimo samehlo, lokhu kuhlolwa kusiza ekuhloleni ukuthi lokho kwelashwa kuyaphumelela yini.
- Uma ubona noma yiziphi izinguquko embonweni wakho, ungakuzibi. Bonana nodokotela wakho ngokushesha.
- Ngisho noma kungekho nkinga, ukuhlolwa kwamehlo njalo kuzuzisa kakhulu impilo yamehlo akho.
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