Ingabe ingane yakho esanda kuzalwa ayizange ikhiphe indle izinsuku ezimbili noma ezintathu ngemva kokuzalwa? Noma isisu sayo sivuvukele futhi sinzima ukusithinta? Kuvamile ukuthi umama noma ubaba omusha azizwe esaba kancane uma ebona into efana nale. Esikhathini esiningi, lezi akuzona izinto ezingathi sína. Kodwa-ke, ezimweni ezingavamile, lezi zimpawu zingabangelwa yisimo esibizwa ngokuthi i-Hirschsprung's Disease , esikhuluma ngaso namuhla. Ngakho-ke, ake sixoxe ngalokhu ngokuningiliziwe ngaphandle kokwesaba.
Kalula nje, siyini isifo sikaHirschsprung?
Isifo sikaHirschsprung siyisifo esingavamile kakhulu, esizalwa naso lapho umntwana ezalwa engenawo amangqamuzana ezinzwa engxenyeni yokugcina yekholoni asiza ekukhipheni indle.
Cabanga ngamathumbu ethu njengepayipi. Ukudla esikudlayo kuyagaywa, futhi imfucuza, ebizwa ngokuthi indle, ihamba ngaleli payipi. Lolu hambo lusekelwa amangqamuzana ezinzwa ezindongeni zamathumbu. Lawa maseli athumela izimpawu emisipheni yamathumbu, okubangela ukuba ifinyele futhi iphumule, isunduze indle phambili.
Ingane enesifo sikaHirschsprung ayinawo la maseli ezinzwa ekugcineni kwamathumbu amakhulu. Ngakho-ke, lapho indle ingena, ayikwazi ukuhamba futhi ibambeke. Njengezimoto ezibhajwa emotweni. Lokhu kubangela ukuthi indle iqoqeke futhi yakhe ukuvaleka okukhulu emathunjini. Lokhu kungabangela ingane ukuba ibe nokuqunjelwa okukhulu, ukuvaleka kwamathumbu, kanye nezifo eziyingozi ngezinye izikhathi .
Ngokuvamile, umntwana ophilile uqala ukunyakaza kwamathumbu emahoreni okuqala angu-24-48 ezelwe. Le ndle yokuqala ibizwa ngokuthi 'i-meconium'. Ngokuvamile iyinto emnyama, ejiyile. Kodwa-ke, umntwana onesifo sikaHirschsprung akakwazi ukuba nalolu hlobo lokunyakaza kwamathumbu.
Iyini imbangela eqondile yalesi simo?
Odokotela abakakazi kahle ukuthi kungani ezinye izingane ziqala lesi sifo, kodwa kukholelwa kakhulu ukuthi sihlobene nezakhi zofuzo .
Kalula nje, phakathi namasonto ambalwa okuqala okukhula komntwana esibelethweni, amangqamuzana ezinzwa akhula kuyo yonke indlela yokugaya ukudla komntwana, kusukela emlonyeni kuya endunu. Kodwa enganeni enesifo sikaHirschsprung, lokhu kukhula kwamangqamuzana ezinzwa kuyama ngokuzumayo ekugcineni kwamathumbu amakhulu.
Lokhu kungase kube ngenxa yezinguquko ezithile (ukuguqulwa kwezakhi zofuzo) ku-DNA yomzimba wethu, okufana nencwadi yemiyalelo. Ngezinye izikhathi lezi zinguquko zofuzo zingazuzwa kubazali ziye ezinganeni. Futhi, izingane ezinezinye izimo zokuzalwa, njenge-Down syndrome, kanye nezifo ezithile zenhliziyo, zisengozini enkulu kancane yokuthola isifo sikaHirschsprung.
Sizibona kanjani lezi zimpawu?
Esikhathini esiningi, lezi zimpawu zivela emavikini okuqala ayi-6 okuphila, ikakhulukazi emahoreni okuqala angama-48. Kodwa-ke, kwezinye izingane, izimpawu zingathatha iminyaka eminingana ukuvela.
Kufanele wazi ngalezi zimpawu ezilandelayo.
| Isici | Incazelo |
|---|---|
| Akukhiphi indle | Esinye sezimpawu eziyinhloko zosana olusanda kuzalwa ukuthi alukaze luphume emathunjini amahora angu-48 ngemva kokuzalwa. Uma umntwana esekhulile kancane, angase abe nokuqunjelwa okungapheli okuhlala isikhathi eside futhi okungaphenduli emithini. |
| Ukuqunjelwa kwesisu | Isisu somntwana singase sibonakale sivuvukele futhi siqinile ngenxa yendle nomoya ovaleleke emathunjini. |
| Ukuhlanza | Ingane ingase ihlanze. Ngezinye izikhathi lokhu kuhlanza kungabonakala kuluhlaza noma kunsundu. Lokhu kungasho ukuthi inyongo iyakhuphuka ngenxa yokuvaleka kwamathumbu. |
| Uhudo olunegazi | Lolu uphawu oluyingozi kakhulu . Lubonisa ukukhula kokutheleleka kwamathumbu okusongela impilo okubizwa ngokuthi i-enterocolitis . Kungabuye kuhambisane nomkhuhlane, isifo sohudo esibi kanye nobuhlungu besisu. |
| Ukukhula okubambezelekile | Uma ingane isikhulile kancane futhi ingakatholakali ukuthi inalesi sifo, ukuqunjelwa njalo kanye nokudla okungenamsoco kungabangela ukukhula okungapheli kanye nokukhathala okuqhubekayo. |
Into ebaluleke kakhulu ukuthi uma ingane yakho inanoma yiziphi zalezi zimpawu, ikakhulukazi uma ingane esanda kuzalwa ingakaphumi, ungayinaki. Kubalulekile ukuyisa ingane yakho kudokotela ngokushesha.
Udokotela usithola kanjani lesi sifo ngokunembile?
Uma uyisa ingane yakho kudokotela, izoyihlola, ikubuze ngezimpawu zakho, bese incoma ukuhlolwa okuningana ukuqinisekisa ukuxilongwa.
- I-X-ray yesisu: Lokhu kungasetshenziswa ukuhlola ukuvaleka kwamathumbu noma ukuqunjelwa.
- I-Enema Yokuqhathanisa: Kulokhu, kudluliswa uketshezi olumhlophe olukhethekile (udayi obizwa ngokuthi i-barium) e-rectum yomntwana bese kuthathwa uchungechunge lwezithombe ze-X-ray. Lolu ketshezi luvumela ingaphakathi lamathumbu ukuthi libonakale kahle. Ingxenye engenamangqamuzana ezinzwa ivame ukubukeka incane, kanti ingxenye egcwele indle ngaphezulu kwayo ibukeka inkulu futhi ivuvukele kakhulu. Lokhu kunganikeza umbono omuhle ngalesi sifo.
- I-Rectal Biopsy: Lokhu ukuhlolwa okuqinisekisa lesi sifo ngo-100%. Kulokhu, udokotela uthatha ingxenye encane kakhulu yezicubu (isampula yezicubu) odongeni lwangaphakathi lwe-rectum yengane bese eyihlola ngaphansi kwe-microscope. Ngokubheka ukuthi ngabe akhona yini amangqamuzana ezinzwa kuleyo ngxenye yezicubu, lesi sifo singatholakala ngokunembile.
- I-Anorectal Manometry: Lokhu kuhlolwa kuvame ukwenziwa ezinganeni ezindala. Kuhilela ukufaka idivayisi encane efana nebhaluni e-rectum bese uyifutha ukuze kuhlolwe ukuthi imisipha e-rectum isebenza kahle yini.
Yiziphi izindlela zokwelapha lokhu?
Isifo sikaHirschsprung akusona isimo esingelapheka ngemithi. Ukwelashwa kwaso okuwukuphela kwaso okuhlala njalo ukuhlinzwa . Ungakhathazeki, lokhu kuhlinzwa sekwenziwa ngempumelelo enkulu manje.
Ngesikhathi sokuhlinzwa, udokotela ususa ingxenye yekholoni engenawo amaseli ezinzwa bese exhumanisa ingxenye enempilo, egcwele izinzwa yekholoni ngqo ne-rectum. Lokhu kuhlinzwa kubizwa ngokuthi "inqubo yokudonsa."
Ngezinye izikhathi, kuye ngesimo sengane, ukuhlinzwa kwesikhashana "kwe-ostomy" kungenziwa ngaphambi kwalokhu kuhlinzwa okuyinhloko. Lokhu kuhilela ukudala umgodi (stoma) ukuze ingxenye yamathumbu aphilile ifike ebusweni besikhumba sesisu. Ngemuva kwalokho, kufakwa isikhwama se-ostomy kulesi simbobo ukuze kuqoqwe indle. Uma ingane isilulame kancane futhi isilungele ukuhlinzwa okuyinhloko, lo mgodi uyavalwa bese kwenziwa ukuhlinzwa kokudonsa.
Yiziphi izinkinga ezingaba khona ngemva kokuhlinzwa?
Iningi lezingane liyakwazi ukuhamba kahle kwamathumbu ngemva kokuhlinzwa futhi liqhubeke nokuphila impilo enempilo. Kodwa-ke, ezinye izingane zingase zibhekane nezinkinga ezithile ngemva kokuhlinzwa. Kubalulekile ukuqaphela lokhu.
I-enterocolitis ehlobene ne-Hirschsprung
Lena inkinga eyingozi kakhulu . Ingenzeka ngaphambi noma ngemva kokuhlinzwa. Kuwukutheleleka okukhulu kwamathumbu.
Uma ingane yakho inezimpawu ngemva kokuhlinzwa, njengomkhuhlane, ukuvuvukala kwesisu, ukuhlanza, uhudo olubi, noma igazi esitulweni, kuyisimo esiphuthumayo. Yisa ingane yakho eMnyangweni Wezimo Eziphuthumayo wesibhedlela (ETU) ngokushesha.
Ukungakwazi ukuzibamba kwendle
Ezinye izingane zingase zibe nobunzima bokulawula ukuhamba kwazo kwamathumbu ngemva kokuhlinzwa. Lokhu kusho ukuthi zingase ziphume indle zingaqapheli. Lokhu kungase kube ngenxa yemiphumela yokuhlinzwa emisipheni ye-rectum. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi kanye nokuzivocavoca okuthile (ukwelashwa ngokomzimba kwe-pelvic), lesi simo singalawulwa ngezinga elikhulu.
Ukuqunjelwa kanye nokuvaleka
Ezinye izingane zingase zibe nokuqunjelwa ngemva kokuhlinzwa. Lokhu kungase kube ngenxa yokuncishiswa kwendawo yokuhlinzwa noma ezinye izimbangela. Ezimweni ezinjalo, udokotela wakho uzokunikeza ukwelashwa okudingekayo.
Ngisho noma lesi simo selashwa ngokuhlinzwa, kubalulekile ukuqhubeka nokuqapha isimo sengane. Khuluma nodokotela njalo ngemikhuba yengane yakho yokugaya ukudla kanye nokudla kwayo.
Umlayezo Wokuya Nawe Ekhaya
- Isifo sikaHirschsprung siyisifo esingavamile sokuzalwa esibangela ukungakwazi ukukhipha indle ngenxa yokungabikho kwamangqamuzana ezinzwa emathunjini.
- Izimpawu eziyinhloko zomntwana osanda kuzalwa ongenayo indle zingakapheli amahora angu-48, isisu esivuvukile, kanye nokuhlanza okuluhlaza/okunsundu yilezi: Uma ubona lokhu, bona udokotela ngokushesha.
- Lesi sifo siqinisekiswa nge-biopsy.
- Ukwelashwa kuwukuhlinzwa. Ngemva kokuhlinzwa okuphumelelayo, izingane eziningi zingaphila impilo evamile.
- Uma uba nezimpawu ezifana nomkhuhlane, ukuvuvukala kwesisu, noma uhudo olunegazi ngemva kokuhlinzwa, kufanele uye eMnyangweni Wezimo Eziphuthumayo (ETU) wesibhedlela ngokushesha, njengoba lokhu kungaba uphawu lokutheleleka okuyingozi okubizwa ngokuthi i-enterocolitis.
- Lesi yisimo esidinga ukubhekwa impilo yonke. Ngakho-ke, kubaluleke kakhulu ukulandela imiyalelo kadokotela futhi uhlole ingane yakho njalo ngezikhathi ezithile.
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