Wonke umama nobaba bazizwa bejabule kakhulu lapho bethola ukuthi balindele umntwana . Kodwa ngesikhathi esifanayo, kufika ukwesaba okuncane engqondweni, akunjalo? Imibuzo efana nokuthi 'Ingabe ingane izophila kahle?', 'Ingabe konke kuzolunga?' igijima engqondweni yakho. Ikakhulukazi uma uhlobo lwegazi lakho 'lungalungile' kanti uhlobo lwegazi lomyeni wakho 'lulungile', kungenzeka ukuthi uke wezwa ngento ebizwa ngokuthi 'ukungalingani kwe-Rh'. Ukuzwa lokhu kungakwenza wesabe kancane. Kodwa ungakhathazeki nhlobo. Ake sixoxe ngakho konke kalula nangokucacile namuhla.
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Iyini i-Rh factor?
Kulungile, ake siqale sibheke ukuthi iyini le Rh factor. Kulula kakhulu. Iyiprotheni ekhethekile ebusweni bamaseli ethu abomvu egazi.
- Uma amangqamuzana akho abomvu egazi enale phrotheni, uhlobo lwegazi lakho luyi-Rh Positive (+) . Njengabantu abaningi eSri Lanka, uhlobo lwegazi lwabantu abaningi emhlabeni luyi-Rh Positive.
- Uma ungenayo le phrotheni emangqamuzaneni akho abomvu egazi, uhlobo lwegazi lakho luyi-Rh negative (-) .
Inkinga ingavela kuphela uma umama ene-Rh Negative kanti umntwana ene-Rh Positive . Uma umama ene-Rh Positive, akukho nkinga kungakhathaliseki uhlobo lwegazi lomntwana. Ngokufanayo, uma umama nomntwana bobabili bene-Rh Negative, akukho nkinga lapho. Lesi simo asilimazi impilo kamama. Umphumela uba senganeni.
Ukungavumelani kuyibangela kanjani inkinga?
Kulula kakhulu ukukuqonda lokhu. Ngokuvamile, ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa, igazi likamama nelomntwana alihlangani. Ligcinwa lahlukene yi-placenta.
Kodwa-ke, ngesikhathi sokubeletha, ikakhulukazi lapho i-placenta ihlukana, inani elincane legazi lomntwana lingangena egazini likamama. Cabanga ngalokhu: umama une-Rh Negative. Lokho kusho ukuthi akanayo iphrotheni ye-Rh emzimbeni wakhe. Ingane izalwa ine-Rh Positive. Lokho kusho ukuthi ingane inephrotheni ye-Rh egazini layo.
Manje, lapho elinye igazi lengane eline-Rh positive lingena emzimbeni kamama, amasosha omzimba kamama abona le phrotheni ye-Rh njengomhlaseli wangaphandle, oyingozi. Njengegciwane elibangela izifo. Ngemuva kwalokho umzimba kamama uqala ukwenza amasosha akhethekile, abizwa ngokuthi 'ama-antibodies', ukuze alwe nalo 'mhlaseli'.
Njengoba kuthatha isikhathi ukuthi la ma-antibodies akhule, umntwana wokuqala ngokuvamile akalimali ngoba le nqubo iqala ngemva kokuzalwa kwakhe.
Kodwa-ke, inkinga iphakama ekukhulelweni okulandelayo. Umzimba kamama manje unama -antibodies alwa negazi le-Rh positive. Lawa ma-antibodies angawela i-placenta angene emzimbeni womntwana olandelayo.
Uma ingane yesibili ine-Rh Positive, la ma-antibodies avela emzimbeni kamama ahlasela amangqamuzana abomvu egazi lomntwana bese eqala ukuwabhubhisa. Lesi simo sisibiza ngokuthi 'Isifo Se-Hemolytic Sosana Olusanda Kuzalwa'.
| Uhlobo lwegazi lukamama | Uhlobo lwegazi lomntwana | Umthelela |
|---|---|---|
| I-Rh Enhle (+) | I-Rh Enhle noma i-Rh Engeyinhle | Ayikho inkinga. |
| I-Rh Negative (-) | I-Rh Negative (-) | Ayikho inkinga. |
| I-Rh Negative (-) | I-Rh Enhle (+) | Kungase kuvele inkinga (ikakhulukazi ekukhulelweni kwesibili). |
Yimiphi imiphumela engaba khona enganeni?
Ngenxa yokuthi ama-antibodies kamama abhubhisa amangqamuzana abomvu egazi lomntwana, umntwana angaba nezinkinga zempilo ezahlukahlukene.
- I-anemia : Umthamo wegazi lomntwana uyancipha ngenxa yokubhujiswa kwamangqamuzana abomvu egazi.
- I-Jaundice: Isikhumba namehlo engane aphenduka aphuzi ngenxa yento ebizwa ngokuthi i-bilirubin, ekhishwa emangqamuzaneni egazi abomvu abhujisiwe.
- Izimo ezibucayi: Ezimweni ezimbi kakhulu, izitho zomntwana, njengenhliziyo nesibindi, zingase zonakale, futhi umntwana angaze afe esibelethweni.
Lokhu kuyesabeka ukuzwa. Kodwa izindaba ezinhle ukuthi lesi simo singavinjelwa ngempumelelo enkulu.
Isixazululo: Umuthi wokugomela i-Anti-D (RhoGAM)
Ngokuthuthuka kwesayensi yezokwelapha, manje sekukhona ikhambi eliphumelelayo kakhulu kule nkinga yokungalingani kwe-Rh. Leyo yi -Anti-D immunoglobulin.Umuthi wokugoma waziwa kakhulu ngegama lomkhiqizo elithi RhoGAM.
Kalula nje, umuthi wokugomela i-Anti-D uvala futhi 'uhlanze' noma yimaphi amangqamuzana abomvu egazi ane-Rh okungenzeka ukuthi angene emzimbeni kamama esuka enganeni esibelethweni ngaphambi kokuba amasosha omzimba kamama 'avuke'. Lokhu kuvimbela umama ekubeni akhiqize ama-antibodies ayingozi.
Lo muthi wokugoma unikezwa ngokwesimiso esithile.
1. Cishe amasonto angama-28 okukhulelwa: Cishe bonke omama abangenayo i-Rh banikezwa umuthi wokugomela i-Anti-D ngalesi sikhathi. Lokhu kwenzelwa ukugwema ithuba elincane kakhulu lokuxubana kwegazi ngandlela thile ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa.
2. Kungakapheli amahora angu-72 kusukela ekubelethweni: Uma uhlobo lwegazi lomntwana osanda kuzalwa luqinisekiswa ukuthi lune-Rh Positive, umama uzonikezwa omunye umjovo we-Anti-D.
3. Kwezinye izimo: Lo mjovo uphoqelekile ngemva kwanoma yisiphi isenzakalo lapho igazi lomntwana lingangena emzimbeni kamama, njengokuphuphuma kwesisu, ukukhulelwa kwe-tubal, ukukhipha isisu, noma i-amniocentesis.
Ama-antibodies akulo muthi wokugomela awaweli i-placenta futhi awayilimazi ingane. Ngakho-ke, kuphephile kakhulu.
Ezinye izinto ezimbalwa okufanele uzikhumbule
Uhlobo lwegazi lomntwana lunqunywa kanjani?
Uma une-Rh Negative, ingane yakho ngokuqinisekile izozuza ifa le-Rh Negative kuwe. Ukuthi ingane ine-Rh Positive noma i-Negative kuncike ku-gene ezuzwe kubaba.
- Uma ubaba ene -Homozygous Positive (okusho ukuthi wathola izakhi zofuzo ze-Rh Positive kubazali bakhe bobabili), umntwana uzothola nezakhi zofuzo ezinhle kuye. Ngakho-ke , umntwana uzoba ne-Rh Positive engu-100%.
- Uma ubaba ene -Heterozygous Positive (okusho ukuthi une-gene eyodwa enhle kanye ne-gene eyodwa engemihle), umntwana unethuba elingu-50% lokuthola i-gene enhle kanye nethuba elingu-50% lokuthola i-gene engemihle. Lokhu kusho ukuthi umntwana unethuba elingu-50% lokuba ne-Rh Positive.
Njengoba lezi zinkinga zofuzo ziyinkimbinkimbi kancane, ungakhuluma nodokotela wakho ukuze akuchazele kabanzi ngalokhu.
Imibono eyiphutha neqiniso
Abanye abantu bangase besabe umuthi wokugomela i-Anti-D ngoba wenziwe ngegazi. Kodwa lokhu kwenziwa ngemva kokuhlanzwa kahle futhi kwafakazelwa ukuthi kuphephile. Futhi, ungase uzwe izindaba ezinjengokuthi, "Umngane wami wazala izingane ezimbili eziphilile ezine-Rh Positive ngaphandle kokuthatha i-Anti-D." Yebo, kungenzeka kaningi kakhulu. Kodwa kufana nokuthatha ingozi engadingekile, njengokugxumela emgwaqweni ngaphandle kokufuna izimoto ezizayo.
Into ebaluleke kakhulu ukulandela iseluleko sezokwelapha esifanele ngaphandle kokudala ukwesaba okungadingekile ngalokhu.Udokotela wakho uzokwenza zonke izivivinyo ezidingekayo kuwe, akunike umuthi wokugomela i-Anti-D uma kudingeka, futhi akuqondise ukuze wena nomntwana wakho nihlale niphephile.
Umlayezo Wokuya Nawe Ekhaya
- Uma uhlobo lwegazi lakho luyi-Rh Negative kanti uhlobo lwegazi lomlingani wakho luyi-Rh Positive, kubaluleke kakhulu ukuthatha ukunakekelwa okukhethekile kwezokwelapha ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa.
- Ukukhulelwa kokuqala kuvame ukuba kuphephile. Ingane elandelayo ene-Rh positive isengozini enkulu yezinkinga.
- Lesi simo singavinjelwa ngempumelelo nangokuphephile ngomuthi wokugomela i-Anti-D (RhoGAM).
- Kubalulekile ukuthola lo muthi wokugomela emavikini angu-28 okukhulelwa futhi kungakapheli amahora angu-72 wokubeletha uma unengane ene-Rh positive.
- Khuluma nodokotela wakho ngokukhululekile nganoma yimiphi imibuzo, ukwesaba, noma ukungabaza onakho ngalokhu. Ukuthola ulwazi olufanele kuyindlela engcono kakhulu yokunciphisa ukwesaba okungadingekile.
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