Sonke sinokwesaba endaweni ethile ezinhliziyweni zethu ukuthi abazali bethu, noma thina ngokwethu, sizoqala ukukhohlwa izinto njengoba sikhula. Umcabango wokulahlekelwa inkumbulo yethu kanye nekhono lokucabanga ngokucacile uyesabeka ngempela. Nakuba ukuguga kuyimbangela enkulu yalokhu kulahlekelwa inkumbulo, noma i-dementia, manje sekukhulunywa ngesinye isici esiyingozi. Okungukuthi, eminye yemithi esiyisebenzisela izifo ezahlukahlukene.
Yimiphi le mithi yokulwa ne-cholinergic?
Kalula nje, ama-anticholinergics ayiqembu lemithi. Enziwe ngesitshalo esibizwa ngokuthi i-Belladonna. Lesi sitshalo singaba nobuthi ngemithamo ethile. Kodwa-ke, ama-compounds akulesi sitshalo ayakwazi ukulawula, noma ukucindezela, umsebenzi wesimiso sethu sezinzwa ngezinga elithile, ngakho-ke asetshenziselwa ukwenza imithi elawulwayo.
Cabanga nje, uhlelo lwethu lwezinzwa lufana nenethiwekhi yezinzwa ezisakazeke kuwo wonke umzimba. Ubuchopho bethu buyisikhungo esiyinhloko. Imiyalo enikezwa lapho iya kuwo wonke umzimba ngala maseli ezinzwa. Konke kusukela ekuhambeni kwethu, ekucabangeni, ekushayeni kwenhliziyo, ekuphefumuleni, ekulaleni, kanye nokusebenza kwezinzwa zethu ezinhlanu kulawulwa yilolu hlelo lwezinzwa.
Kukhona izithunywa zamakhemikhali ezithwala imiyalezo ngalolu hlelo lwezinzwa. Sizibiza ngokuthi ama-neurotransmitters. I-Acetylcholine ingenye yezithunywa ezibaluleke kakhulu. Ngakho-ke, lokho okwenziwa yimithi yokulwa ne-cholinergic ukuvimba lesi sithunywa esibizwa ngokuthi i-acetylcholine. Ngaleyo ndlela, eminye yemisebenzi yohlelo lwezinzwa iyalawulwa.
Eminingi yale mithi isetshenziselwa ukwelapha izimo zezokwelapha.
| Isikhathi sokusebenzisa imithi ye-anticholinergic | |
|---|---|
| Ngezimo zezokwelapha ezivamile | |
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| Ngesikhathi sokuhlinzwa | |
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| Njengekhambi lokwelapha ubuthi | |
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Eminye imithi esetshenziswa kakhulu
Le mithi iza ngesimo samaphilisi, amaconsi amehlo, kanye nemijovo. Ezinye izibonelo yilezi:
- I-Diphenhydramine: Lolu uhlobo lomuthi osetshenziselwa ukwelapha ukungezwani komzimba. Umuthi waseSri Lanka iPiriton uqukethe inhlanganisela efanayo ebizwa ngokuthi i-chlorpheniramine. Lawa nawo awela esigabeni esifanayo semithi yokulwa ne-cholinergics.
- I-Benztropine: Isetshenziselwa izimpawu zikaParkinson.
- I-Dicycloverine: Isetshenziselwa ubuhlungu besisu, ikakhulukazi ezimweni ezifana ne-Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS).
- I-Oxybutynin: Umuthi onikezwa abantu abanenkinga yokulawula umchamo wabo.
- I-Hyoscyamine: Isetshenziselwa ubuhlungu besisu nemisipha yesinye.
Kalula nje, kuyini i-dementia?
I-dementia yigama elijwayelekile elisetshenziselwa izimo ezahlukahlukene ezithinta ikhono lomuntu lokucabanga, ukukhumbula, noma ukwenza izinqumo. Livame kakhulu kubantu abadala.
Nakuba kunezinhlobo eziningana ze-dementia, u-60% - 80% wazo ubangelwa yisifo i-Alzheimer's .
Lesi simo singathinta umuntu:
- Amandla okugxila
- Ukukhuluma nabanye (ukuxhumana)
- Ikhono lokukhetha okulungile kokungalungile (ukuhlakanipha okuqondile)
- Inkumbulo
- Ikhono lokucabanga ngokunengqondo nokuxazulula izinkinga
Ngezinye izikhathi, izinhlobo ze-dementia ezifana ne-Alzheimer's zingabangela ngisho noshintsho ebuntwini bomuntu nasekuziphatheni kwakhe.
Ubani osengozini enkulu yokuba nesifo sokulahlekelwa yingqondo?
- Ubudala: Ukuguga kuyisici esiyinhloko esiyingozi.
- Isifo senhliziyo: Abantu abanomlando womfutho wegazi ophakeme, i-cholesterol ephezulu, kanye nesifo sohlangothi basengozini enkulu yokuba nesifo sokulahlekelwa yingqondo.
- Izakhi zofuzo: Uma ilungu lomndeni eliseduze liye laba nesifo i-Alzheimer's, ingozi yakho yokuba naso inganda cishe ngo-10% - 30%.
- Ukulimala Kobuchopho Obubuhlungu: Ukulimala ekhanda okukhulu noma okuqhubekayo nakho kungandisa ingozi.
Kodwa ngezinye izikhathi lokhu kulahlekelwa yinkumbulo kungaba okwesikhashana. Eminye imithi, ukuntuleka kwamavithamini, kanye nokungalingani kwama-hormone e-thyroid nakho kungabangela ukulahlekelwa yinkumbulo okwesikhashana.
Ngakho-ke ingabe lo muthi ubangela ngempela i-dementia?
Abacwaningi benze ucwaningo olukhulu ukuze bathole. Lolu kwakuwucwaningo lweminyaka eyishumi. Cishe abantu abangu-3,500 abangaphezu kweminyaka engu-65 bahlanganyele kulokhu. Akekho kulaba bantu owayenesifo sokuwohloka komqondo lapho lolu cwaningo luqala.
Abacwaningi bagcina amarekhodi ayo yonke imithi abahlanganyeli abayithathile, kokubili leyo enqunywe udokotela kanye naleyo etholakala ngaphandle kwemithi kadokotela, njenge-piridine. Bahlole amakhono okukhumbula nokucabanga abahlanganyeli njalo eminyakeni emibili.
Ekupheleni kocwaningo, abangu-797 babahlanganyeli base benesifo sokuwohloka komqondo. Kulabo, abangu-637 babenesifo i-Alzheimer's.
Lapho behlaziya le datha, abacwaningi bathole into emangalisayo. Bathole ubudlelwano obubalulekile phakathi kwabantu abasebenzisa imithi yokulwa ne-cholinergic nalabo abanesifo sokuwohloka komqondo . Bathole nokuthi uma umuntu esebenzisa le mithi isikhathi eside, kulapho ingozi yakhe yokuba nesifo sokuwohloka komqondo ikhula khona .
Isibonelo, kutholakale ukuthi abantu abachayeke kakhulu, njengalabo abasebenzisa lo muthi njalo iminyaka engaba mithathu ngesilinganiso esivamile sansuku zonke, babenengozi enkulu kakhulu yokuthola isifo sokuwohloka komqondo kanye nesifo i-Alzheimer's kunalabo abangazange bawusebenzise lo muthi.
Kungani lokhu kwenzeka?
Enye yezinkolelo-mbono eziyinhloko ukuthi ihlobene ne-neurotransmitter acetylcholine, ephansi ngokwemvelo ebuchosheni babantu abanesifo i-Alzheimer's. Eqinisweni, eminye imithi esetshenziswa ukwelapha isifo i-Alzheimer's isebenza ngokwandisa inani le-acetylcholine ebuchosheni.
Ngakho-ke, imithi yokulwa ne-cholinergic ivimba isithunywa se-acetylcholine, ngakho abacwaningi bacabanga ukuthi leso kungaba yisizathu. Kodwa kudingeka ucwaningo olwengeziwe ngalokhu.
Umlayezo Wokuya Nawe Ekhaya
- Eminye imithi enikezwa izifo ezivamile ezifana nokungezwani komzimba, ukucindezeleka, ukungakwazi ukuzibamba ngomchamo, kanye nobuhlungu besisu ingase iwele esigabeni se-anticholinergic.
- Ucwaningo lubonise ukuthi ukusetshenziswa isikhathi eside kwale mithi ngemithamo ephezulu kwandisa ingozi yokuwohloka komqondo, ikakhulukazi kubantu asebekhulile.
- Lokhu akusho ukuthi wonke umuntu othatha lo muthi uzoba nesifo sokuwohloka komqondo. Kumane kuyisici esiyingozi.
- Ungalokothi uyeke ukuthatha noma yimiphi imithi oyinikezwe udokotela wakho wedwa. Ukwenza kanjalo kungase kube kubi kakhulu isimo sakho.
- Uma unemibuzo noma ukukhathazeka mayelana nemithi oyiphuzayo, ikakhulukazi imithi yesikhathi eside efana nalena, qiniseka ukuthi ukhuluma nodokotela wakho womndeni. Angahlola izingozi zakho futhi, uma kudingeka, ancome enye indlela efanele wena.
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