Ingabe ngezinye izikhathi uzizwa ubuhlungu uma uchama ? Noma uke wabona igazi elincane emchameni wakho? Kuvamile ukuzizwa wesaba kancane uma ubona into efana nale. Kodwa uma unezimpawu ezifana nalezi, udokotela wakho angakucela ukuthi wenze ukuhlolwa komchamo. I-Urine Cytology ukuhlolwa okukhethekile okwenziwa ngezikhathi ezinjalo. Ake sibone ukuthi kuyini, kungani kwenziwa, nokuthi yini engathola.
Kuyini ngempela ukuhlolwa kwe-cytology yomchamo?
Kalula nje, lokhu kuhilela ukubuka amangqamuzana kusampula yomchamo wakho ngaphansi kwe-microscope. Amangqamuzana amancane ahlala ephuma ezindongeni zomgudu wethu womchamo bese ephuma nomchamo. Kulolu vivinyo, udokotela onguchwepheshe uhlola ukuthi lawo maseli ajwayelekile, aphilile yini, noma kukhona yini ukukhubazeka, ikakhulukazi amangqamuzana omdlavuza . Lolu luvivinyo lokuqala olubaluleke kakhulu lokuthola umdlavuza womgudu womchamo.
Kungani udinga ukwenza lolu vivinyo?
Kungase kube nezizathu eziningana eziyinhloko zokuthi kungani udokotela wakho engase acele lolu vivinyo.
Into eyinhloko ukuqinisekisa uma usola umdlavuza womgudu womchamo . Lokhu kuhlolwa kungasiza ekuboneni izinhlobo ezilandelayo zomdlavuza :
- Umdlavuza wesinye
- Umdlavuza wezinso
- Umdlavuza we-Ureter (umdlavuza wamapayipi athwala umchamo usuka ezinso uye kwesinye)
- Umdlavuza we-Urethral
Ngaphezu kwalokho, uma unezimpawu ezilandelayo, udokotela wakho angase akuncome lokhu kuhlolwa.
| Isibonakaliso | Incazelo elula |
|---|---|
| Igazi emchameni | Lesi yisona sizathu esiyinhloko salokhu kuhlolwa. Kwezokwelapha, lokhu sikubiza ngokuthi (i-Haematuria) . Ngezinye izikhathi umchamo ungaba pinki, obomvu noma onsundu ngombala obonakala emehlweni. Ngezinye izikhathi ungaba mncane kangangokuthi ungatholakala kuphela ngokuhlolwa komchamo okuvamile. |
| Ubunzima bokuchama | Ubunzima bokuqala ukuchama, ukwehla kokugeleza komchamo, kanye nokuzwa sengathi kusekhona okunye okufanele ukuchame uma usuqedile. |
| Ubuhlungu noma ukushisa lapho uchama | Ukushisa noma ubuhlungu lapho uchama. Lokhu kubizwa nangokuthi i-dysuria . Lokhu kungaba uphawu lokutheleleka komgudu womchamo, kodwa kungabangelwa nezinye izimo. |
Uyinikeza kanjani isampula yomchamo ukuze ihlolwe?
Kulungile, manje ake sibone ukuthi singayinikeza kanjani isampula yalolu vivinyo. Lokhu kubaluleke kakhulu, ngoba uma isampula inikezwe ngendlela engalungile, ingathinta ukunemba kombiko.
Into ebaluleke kakhulu ukuthi isampula yokuqala yomchamo oyithathayo ekuseni ayifaneleki kulokhu. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi amangqamuzana abesesinyeni ubusuku bonke kungenzeka ukuthi awonakele. Ngakho-ke, kunzima ukuthola umphumela ocacile kuyo. Isampula yesibili yomchamo wosuku ngokuvamile iyona efaneleka kakhulu.
Kunezindlela ezimbili eziyinhloko zokuthola isampula.
1. Indlela Yokubamba Ehlanzekile
Lena yindlela evame ukusetshenziswa kakhulu, yokuzenzela wena. Kubalulekile ukugcina isampula ingenazo izingcolisi ezivela kumagciwane esikhumbeni esizungeze i-urethra . Kubaluleke kakhulu ukulandela imiyalelo enikezwe yilebhu.
- Isinyathelo 1: Okokuqala, geza izandla zakho kahle ngensipho.
- Isinyathelo sesi-2: Hlanza indawo ezungeze imbobo ye-urethra kahle ngethawula elikhethekile elinikezwe nendebe yesampula noma ngamanzi ahlanzekile.
- Isinyathelo sesi-3: Manje qala ngokufaka umchamo endlini yangasese. Ngemva kwemizuzwana embalwa, yeka ukuchama.
- Isinyathelo 4: Bese uqala ukuchama futhi bese ufaka umchamo endebeni yesampula oyinikiwe. Inkomishi kufanele igcwale cishe ingxenye.
- Isinyathelo 5:Vala isivalo ngokuqinile, uqaphele ukuthi ungathinti ingaphakathi lendebe.
- Isinyathelo 6: Qiniseka ukuthi indebe ibhalwe kahle igama lakho nemininingwane yakho, bese uyidlulisela elabhorethri noma kudokotela ngokushesha okukhulu.
2. Ukusebenzisa i-Catheter
Kwezinye izimo, ikakhulukazi uma unenkinga yokuzinikeza isampula wena ngokwakho, udokotela wakho noma umhlengikazi angasebenzisa ithubhu elincane kakhulu neliguquguqukayo elibizwa ngokuthi i-catheter ukuqoqa isampula yomchamo. Leli thubhu lifakwa nge-urethra yakho kanye nesinyeni sakho ukuqoqa isampula. Kodwa-ke, le ndlela inengozi encane yokutheleleka komgudu womchamo, ngakho-ke yenziwa kuphela ezimweni ezimbi kakhulu.
Kwenzekani ngemva kokufika kombiko? Ingabe kudingeka izivivinyo ezengeziwe?
Lokhu kuyinto okufanele uyikhumbule. Ukuhlolwa kwe-urine cytology kuphela akukwazi ukuhlonza noma yisiphi isifo ngokunembile. Kunikeza umbono oyisisekelo kuphela. Uma umbiko uthi kukhona "amangqamuzana angajwayelekile" noma "amangqamuzana asolisayo", akusho ukuthi unomdlavuza. Kusho ukuthi kudingeka ukuhlolwa okwengeziwe ukuthola imbangela.
Udokotela wakho angase ancome ukuhlolwa okulandelayo okwengeziwe ngokusekelwe embikweni.
Izifundo Zokuthwebula Izithombe
Udokotela wakho angase afune ukubona izithombe zesistimu yakho yomchamo. Lokhu kungabandakanya i-X-ray noma i- CT scan (i-Computed Tomography scan) . I-CT scan ingathatha izithombe ze-three-dimensional (3D) zezitho ezifana nezinso zakho kanye nesinye. Ingakusiza ukuthi ubone ukuthi kukhona yini, njengesimila, endleleni yakho yomchamo.
I-Cystoscopy
Lokhu ukuhlolwa okubaluleke kakhulu. Kufakwa ipayipi elincane kakhulu neliguquguqukayo elinekhamera (i-cystoscope) nge-urethra yakho bese kuhlolwa ingaphakathi lesinye sakho. Lokhu kuvumela udokotela ukuthi abone ngqo ukuthi kukhona yini okungajwayelekile, ukubomvu, noma amaqhubu amancane ngaphakathi. Uma kudingeka, kungathathwa ingcezu encane yezicubu (i-biopsy) endaweni esolisayo bese ihlolwa.
Ngezinye izikhathi, kwenziwa ukuhlolwa okubizwa ngokuthi i-ureteroscopy ngesikhathi esifanayo, okusebenzisa ipayipi elincane kakhulu ukuhlola amapayipi (ama-ureter) athwala umchamo usuka ezinso uye kwesinye.
Umlayezo Wokuya Nawe Ekhaya
- I-Urine Cytology iyisivivinyo esibalulekile esiyisisekelo esisetshenziselwa ukuhlonza amaseli emchameni, ikakhulukazi amaseli omdlavuza.
- Igazi emchameni (i-hematuria) noma olunye ubunzima bokuchama yizona zizathu eziyinhloko zalolu vivinyo.
- Uma unikeza isampula ukuze ihlolwe, ungasebenzisi umchamo wasekuseni. Kungcono ukunikeza isampula usebenzisa indlela ethi "Clean Catch".
- Lo mbiko wokuhlolwa wodwa awukwazi ukuhlonza isifo ngokunembile. Uma kutholakala umphumela ongavamile, kungadingeka ukuhlolwa okwengeziwe okufana ne-CT scan noma i-cystoscopy.
- Uma unezimpawu ezingavamile ezihlobene nomchamo wakho, ungesabi noma uqagele, kodwa bona udokotela wakho ngokushesha ukuze akunike iseluleko. Leyo yindlela engcono kakhulu yokuhlala uphilile.
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