Ungase futhi ubhekane nokuphazamiseka kwesisu, ukuqunjelwa, noma isifo sohudo ngezikhathi ezithile. Ngokuvamile asikunaki kakhulu lokhu, akunjalo? Kodwa izimpawu eziqhubekayo ezifana nalezi ngezinye izikhathi zingaba uphawu lokuthile okungathi sína kakhulu. Namuhla sizokhuluma ngesihloko abantu abaningi abangathandi ukukhuluma ngaso, kodwa sonke okudingeka sisiqaphele. Leso umdlavuza wamathumbu amakhulu kanye nowempundu, noma isifo esisibiza ngokuthi `(umdlavuza wempundu)`. Ungakhathazeki, ukuqaphela lokhu kuyindlela engcono kakhulu yokuzivikela kuso.
Kalula nje, uyini lo mdlavuza wamathumbu amakhulu?
Umdlavuza wekholoni yilapho amangqamuzana angaphakathi kwekholoni noma i-rectum eqala ukukhula ngokungalawuleki. Lokhu kuvame ukuba "isimila esithule" esikhula kancane kakhulu, ngaphandle kwezimpawu. Yingakho umdlavuza kungenzeka ukuthi usuvele uthuthukile ngezinga elithile ngesikhathi izimpawu zivela.
Cabanga ngesimiso sethu sokugaya ukudla. Ukudla esikudlayo kungena esiswini nasemathunjini amancane, futhi ngemva kokuba izakhamzimba zimuncwe, imfucuza esele ifika emathunjini amakhulu. Ithumbu elikhulu limunca amanzi kanye nezakhamzimba ezisele. Bese imfucuza eqinile esele, ebizwa ngokuthi indle, igcinwa okwesikhashana e-rectum bese iphuma emzimbeni. Kusemathunjini amakhulu, noma e-rectum, lapho la maseli omdlavuza avela khona.
Kodwa izindaba ezinhle kakhulu ukuthi uma kwenziwa izivivinyo ezifanele ngesikhathi esifanele , lo mdlavuza ungavinjelwa ukuba uvele, futhi uma utholakala kusenesikhathi, ungelapheka ngokuphelele.
Yiziphi izinhlobo eziyinhloko zalo mdlavuza?
Kunezinhlobo eziningana zomdlavuza wamathumbu amakhulu, kodwa uhlobo olulodwa yilona oluvame kakhulu.
| Uhlobo lomdlavuza | Incazelo elula |
|---|---|
| I-Adenocarcinoma | Lolu uhlobo oluvame kakhulu (cishe ama-96%) . Luqala emaseli akhiqiza i-mucus emathunjini. |
| Isimila se-carcinoid | Uhlobo lomdlavuza oluqala emaseli akhethekile akhiqiza ama-hormone. |
| Isimila sesisu esibuhlungu | Ivela emangqamuzaneni odongeni lwamathumbu abonisa ukuthi ukudla kufanele kudlule. |
| I-Lymphoma | Umdlavuza okhula emaseli esimiso somzimba sokuzivikela. |
Ingabe wonke amaqhubu anomdlavuza?
Cha. Eqinisweni, cishe wonke umdlavuza wamathumbu amakhulu uqala njengama -polyp , okumila okuncane, okunenyama okwakheka ngaphakathi kwamathumbu amakhulu. Akuwona wonke ama-polyp anomdlavuza.
- Ama-Adenoma: Lawa ama-polyp angaphambi komdlavuza , uma engelashwa, anethuba eliphezulu lokuba nomdlavuza ngokuhamba kwesikhathi.
- Ama-polyp angenapulasitiki kanye nokuvuvukala: Lawa ngokuvamile awabi umdlavuza. Kodwa-ke, ngezinye izikhathi uma eba makhulu, udokotela wakho angase akuncome ukuthi uwasuse.
Ubani osengozini enkulu yokuthola lo mdlavuza?
Empeleni, noma ubani angasithola lesi sifo. Kodwa abanye abantu basengozini enkulu. Uma okukodwa noma ngaphezulu kwalokhu okulandelayo kusebenza kuwe, kuwumqondo omuhle ukuba uqaphele kakhudlwana.
| Izinto Eziyingozi | |
|---|---|
| Umlando womndeni | Uma kukhona emndenini wakho (abazali, izingane zakini, izingane) oke waba nomdlavuza wamathumbu noma ama-polyps. |
| Ukudla | Ukudla inyama ebomvu kakhulu (inyama yenkomo, ingulube) kanye nenyama ecutshunguliwe (amasoseji, ubhekeni). |
| Ezinye izimo zezokwelapha | Izifo zamathumbu ezivuvukalayo njengesifo sikaCrohn noma i-ulcerative colitis , kanye nesifo sikashukela sohlobo 2. |
| Izifo zofuzo | Izimo zofuzo ezifana ne-FAP (Familial Adenomatous Polyposis) kanye ne-HNPCC. |
| Indlela Yokuphila | Ukuba neminyaka engaphezu kwengu-50 ubudala, ukukhuluphala ngokweqile, ukubhema, ukungawuvivinyi umzimba, kanye nokuphuza utshwala ngokweqile. |
Ziyini izimpawu zalesi sifo? Qaphela lezi!
Njengoba kushiwo ngaphambili, esikhathini esiningi, azikho izimpawu ezigabeni zokuqala. Kodwa-ke, njengoba umdlavuza uqhubeka, lezi zimpawu zingase zivele. Uma eyodwa noma ngaphezulu kwalezi ziqhubeka, qiniseka ukuthi ubona udokotela.
- Ukushintsha kwemikhuba yamathumbu: ukuqunjelwa okuqhubekayo noma uhudo.
- Ukuzizwa sengathi isisu asikaphumi ngokuphelele: Ukuzizwa sengathi kusadingeka ukuthi ukhululeke ngemva kokuya endlini yangasese.
- Ukopha endulwini: Ukopha ngendle noma ngaphandle kwayo.
- Ukushintsha kokubukeka kwendle: Indle encane kunejwayelekile, njengepensela.
- Ubuhlungu besisu noma ukungakhululeki: Izinto ezifana nokuqaqamba kwesisu, ukuqunjelwa, njll.
- Ukwehlisa isisindo ngaphandle kwesizathu.
- Ukukhathala nobuthakathaka: Lokhu kungase kubangelwe yi-anemia.
- Ukuzwa iqhubu esiswini noma endukwini.
Ungasithola kanjani lesi sifo? (Ukuxilongwa)
Udokotela wakho uzobuza ngezimpawu zakho bese ekwenza ukuhlolwa ngokomzimba. Ngemuva kwalokho, angenza okukodwa noma ngaphezulu kwalokhu kuhlolwa ukuze athole ukuthi unomdlavuza noma ama-polyp.
- I-Colonoscopy: Lolu uhlobo lokuhlola olujwayelekile nolungcono kakhulu. Kufakwa ithubhu elincane neliguquguqukayo elinekhamera (i-colonoscope) nge-anus ukuze kuhlolwe wonke amathumbu amakhulu. Uma kutholakala ama-polyp, angasuswa ngesikhathi esifanayo bese kuthathwa isampula encane (i-biopsy) ukuze ihlolwe.
- I-Sigmoidoscopy: Ifana ne-colonoscopy, kodwa kuhlolwa kuphela i-rectum kanye nengxenye yokugcina yamathumbu amakhulu.
- Ukuhlolwa Kwendle:Kukhona izivivinyo ezibheka igazi elingabonakali esitulweni (FIT, gFOBT) kanye nezivivinyo ezibheka izinguquko zofuzo (i-DNA) emangqamuzaneni omdlavuza. Uma lokhu kuthola igazi noma ezinye izinkinga, kuzoyalwa i-colonoscopy ngokulandelayo.
- I-CT colonography: Lolu vivinyo olukhethekile lwe-'CT scan'. Lubizwa nangokuthi 'i-Virtual colonoscopy'.
Yiziphi izindlela zokwelapha?
Uma kutholakala ukuthi unomdlavuza, ukwelashwa kuncike ezintweni eziningana. Udokotela wakho uzocabangela izici ezifana nesigaba somdlavuza kanye nempilo yakho iyonke ukuze anqume ukwelashwa okungcono kakhulu kuwe.
1. Ukuhlinzwa
Izimila ezincane kanye nama-polyp ezigabeni zokuqala zingasuswa ngesikhathi se-colonoscopy. Uma umdlavuza ususakazeke kancane, leyo ngxenye ye-colon iyasuswa ngokuhlinzwa (i-partial colectomy).
2. Ukwelashwa ngamakhemikhali
Lezi yimithi enikezwa ukubulala amangqamuzana omdlavuza noma ukuwavimba ukuthi angasabalali. Lokhu kwelashwa kunikezwa ukubulala noma yimaphi amangqamuzana omdlavuza angase asale ngemva kokuhlinzwa, noma ukunciphisa isimila ngaphambi kokuhlinzwa.
3. Ukwelashwa Ngemisebe
Lokhu kuhilela ukusebenzisa imisebe enamandla aphezulu (njenge-X-ray) ukubhubhisa amangqamuzana omdlavuza. Lokhu kwelashwa kuvame ukusetshenziswa kumdlavuza we-rectal.
4. Ukwelashwa Okuqondiwe
Lokhu kuhilela ukunikeza imithi ehlose izakhi zofuzo noma amaprotheni athile kumaseli omdlavuza ngaphandle kokulimaza amaseli avamile.
5. Ukwelashwa nge-immunotherapy
Lokhu kuyindlela yokwelapha ethokozisayo kakhulu. Okwenzayo lapha ukuvuselela amasosha omzimba wakho futhi uwenze alwe namaseli omdlavuza.
6. Ukunakekelwa Kwezinhlungu Zobuhlungu
Umgomo awukona ukwelapha umdlavuza, kodwa ukulawula ubuhlungu, ukungakhululeki, nezinye izimpawu ezibangelwa umdlavuza, nokunikeza isiguli impilo engcono kakhulu.
Yini esingayenza ukuvimbela umdlavuza?
Lena yingxenye ebaluleke kakhulu. Ukushintsha indlela yethu yokuphila kunganciphisa kakhulu ingozi yalo mdlavuza.
- Ukudla okuhle: Yidla imifino ecebile nge-fiber, izithelo, kanye nemifino eminingi. Nciphisa ukudla kwakho inyama ebomvu kanye nenyama eyomisiwe (njengesoseji).
- Ukuzivocavoca: Thola okungenani imizuzu eyi-150 yokuzivocavoca okunamandla aphakathi ngesonto. Ukuhamba, ukugijima, noma ukugibela ibhayisikili kuyizinketho ezinhle.
- Gcina isisindo esinempilo: Ukukhuluphala ngokweqile kuyisici esiyingozi sezinhlobo eziningi zomdlavuza.
- Ukubhema notshwala: Kungcono ukuyeka yomibili le mikhuba ngokuphelele.
- Ukuhlolwa: Lokhu kubaluleke kakhulu. Ngokuvamile ngemva kweminyaka engu-45-50, ngisho nalabo abangekho engozini bayaqhubeka nokubaKufanele uhlolwe. Kungcono ukwenza i-colonoscopy njalo eminyakeni eyi-10. Uma unezici eziyingozi, udokotela wakho angase akuncome ukuthi uhlolwe kusenesikhathi futhi kaningi.
Umlayezo Wokuya Nawe Ekhaya
- Umdlavuza wamathumbu amakhulu uyisifo "esingabonakali" esivame ukungabonakali izimpawu ezigabeni zokuqala.
- Ungalokothi ungazinaki izimpawu ezifana nokushintsha kwemikhuba yamathumbu, igazi esitulweni, noma ubuhlungu besisu obuqhubekayo. Bonana nodokotela ngokushesha.
- Ukuhlolwa ngesikhathi, ikakhulukazi ngemva kweminyaka engu-45-50, kungahlonza futhi kususe ama-polyp ngaphambi kokuba abe nomdlavuza.
- Lo mdlavuza ungelapheka ngokuphelele uma utholakala kusenesikhathi. Ngakho-ke ungesabi noma ube namahloni, qaphela lokhu, bese ukhuluma nodokotela wakho.
- Indlela yokuphila enempilo (ukudla okuhle, ukuvivinya umzimba) kunganciphisa ingozi.
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