Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi unesifo somkhuhlane noma isisu, sivame ukuthi, "Kumelwe ukuba kukhona amagciwane athile." Ayini ngempela lawa 'magciwane'? Kalula nje, noma iyiphi i-microorganism engena emizimbeni yethu futhi ibangele izifo ibizwa ngokuthi i-pathogen, noma ngesiNgisi, i-'pathogen.' Nakuba singenakuzibona, ziningi kakhulu ezisizungezile. Ngakho-ke, namuhla sizokhuluma ngalezi zifo, ukuthi zisebenza kanjani, nokuthi singazigcina kanjani siphilile kuzo.
Obani laba bantu ababangela izifo?
Uma sicabanga ngamagciwane, abantu abaningi bacabanga ngamagciwane namabhaktheriya. Kodwa empeleni kunezinhlobo eziningi ezahlukene zamagciwane. Umhlaba wethu ugcwele lawa ma-microorganism. Ososayensi bathi kunamagciwane amaningi eMhlabeni kunezinkanyezi endaweni yonke. Kodwa ungakhathazeki, inani elincane kakhulu lala ma-microorganisms lilimaza impilo yethu. Amanye aze asisize.
Lezi yizinhlobo eziyinhloko zamagciwane asibangela izifo.
| Uhlobo lwe-pathogen | Incazelo elula nezibonelo |
|---|---|
| Amagciwane | Laba bantu abakwazi ukuhlala bodwa. Ngokuqinisekile badinga iseli eliphilayo elifana nelethu ukuze likhule (lithelele). Izibonelo: amagciwane abangela umkhuhlane, udenga, kanye ne-COVID-19. |
| Amabhaktheriya | Lezi yizinto eziphilayo ezineseli elilodwa. Amanye amabhaktheriya asilungele, kodwa amanye abangela izifo. Izibonelo: amabhaktheriya abangela umkhuhlane we-typhoid, isifo sofuba, kanye nokutheleleka komgudu womchamo. |
| Isikhunta | Laba yibo ababangela izifo zesikhumba ezifana ne-eczema, i-psoriasis, kanye ne-ringworm. |
| I-Protozoa | Lezi futhi ziyizinto eziphilayo ezineseli elilodwa, kodwa zinkulu kancane kunamabhaktheriya. Izibonelo: Lezi yizo ezibangela izifo ezifana nomalaleveva kanye nesifo sokulala. |
| Izimuncagazi | Izinto eziphilayo ezihlala emizimbeni yethu noma ngaphakathi futhi zisondla. Izibonelo: izintwala, izimpethu, izimpethu. |
Lezi zifo ezibangela izifo zisigulisa kanjani?
Kunomehluko omncane endleleni la magciwane angena ngayo emizimbeni yethu futhi asebenze ngayo. Ake sibheke izindlela ezimbili eziyinhloko.
1. Amagciwane abangela izifo: Cabanga ngakho, lolu hlobo lwabantu lungaphila futhi luzale ngaphakathi emzimbeni wakho, futhi lungaphila nasendaweni engaphandle, njengasesicabheni somnyango, etafuleni, njll. Ngakho-ke kunzima kancane ukuzigwema.
2. Ukubopha amagciwane: Lawa kumele abe nomnikazi oneseli eliphilayo njengawe ukuze awathelele. Awakwazi ukusinda futhi azithelele ngokwawo endaweni ezungezile. Wonke amagciwane angaphansi kwaleli qembu.
Futhi, amanye amagciwane adinga umlamuleli ukuze adlulele komunye umuntu. Isibonelo, igciwane le-dengue lingena emizimbeni yethu ngomiyane. Lapha, umiyane ungumlamuleli.
Amanye amagciwane asizakala ngesimiso sethu somzimba sokuzivikela. Uma sithimula, sikhwehlela, noma sikhipha indle, amagciwane asemizimbeni yethu adala indlela yokuba abanye batheleleke.
Okusho ukuthi, uma igciwane lingena emzimbeni, lilimaza amangqamuzana ethu futhi likhiqize ubuthi. Ngezinye izikhathi amasosha omzimba ethu ayalwa naleli gciwane, alimaze namangqamuzana ethu anempilo.
Amagciwane adluliselwa kanjani?
Lokhu kuyinto esiyaziyo sonke, kodwa ungacabangi kakhulu ngayo. Amagciwane asatshalaliswa ngemikhuba yethu yansuku zonke.
- Ngezandla: Uma uthimula noma ukhwehlela, ubeka isandla sakho emlonyeni wakho. Bese uvula umnyango ngaleso sandla esifanayo, uthinte ucingo ebhasini, noma uxhawule omunye umuntu. Khona-ke amagciwane asezandleni zakho angadluliselwa kalula kwezinye izindawo nakwabanye abantu.
- Ngokudla: Uma ulungisa noma udla ukudla ngezandla ezingcolile, amagciwane angangena emzimbeni wakho. Futhi, uma udla imifino eluhlaza nezithelo ezingagezwanga kahle, noma uma udla inyama nenhlanzi engaphekiwe kahle, amagciwane angangena emzimbeni wakho.
- Ngezilwane: Uma ungazigezi izandla zakho kahle ngemva kokuphatha isilwane, ungasidlulisela izifo ezibangelwa amagciwane namagciwane. Izilwane ezifana namagundane namaphela nazo zisakaza izifo eziningi.
- Emanzini:Ukuphuza amanzi angcolile, angalashwanga kungadlulisela izifo ezifana nekholera kanye ne-typhoid, kanye namagciwane abangela izimo zohudo ezinzima njenge-giardiasis kanye ne-cryptosporidium.
Amacala adinga ukunakwa okukhethekile
Cabanga ukuthi uzohlanza indlu endala, indawo yokugcina impahla, noma indawo efana ne-"wee-bin" evaliwe isikhathi esithile. Kungase kube namagundane ezindaweni ezinjalo. Izidumbu zawo nomchamo kungase kuhlanganiswe nothuli. Ukuphefumula lolu thuli kungaholela ekuthelelekeni ngegciwane eliyingozi njenge- hantavirus . Ngakho-ke , ngaphambi kokungena endaweni enjalo, kubaluleke kakhulu ukuvula iminyango namafasitela kahle okungenani imizuzu engama-30 ukuze uthole umoya .
Ngakho-ke uzivikela kanjani kulaba bantu?
Lena yingxenye ebaluleke kakhulu. Kunezinto ezilula kodwa eziphumelelayo kakhulu esingazenza ukuze sizivikele ezifweni ezibangelwa amagciwane.
- Geza izandla zakho njalo: Lena yinto yokuqala nebaluleke kakhulu . Geza izandla zakho kahle ngensipho namanzi okungenani imizuzwana engama-20 ngaphambi kokulungisa ukudla, ngaphambi kokudla, ngemva kokusebenzisa indlu yangasese, ngemva kokushintsha inabukeni lomntwana, ngemva kokuphatha isilwane, futhi ngokushesha nje lapho ubuya ekhaya uvela ngaphandle.
- Sebenzisa i-sanitizer yezandla: Uma insipho namanzi kungatholakali, ungasebenzisa i-sanitizer yezandla equkethe okungenani u-60% wotshwala . Labo abanokuqukethwe okuphansi kotshwala bangase bangawabulali amagciwane.
- Ukuphepha kokudla: Geza imifino nezithelo kahle. Pheka inyama, inhlanzi namaqanda kahle. Gcina ukudla okuphekiwe nokungaphekiwe kuhlukile.
- Phuza amanzi ahlanzekile: Phuza njalo amanzi abilisiwe noma ahlanziwe. Ikakhulukazi uma uhamba ngezinyawo noma usehlathini, uma uphuza amanzi avela emfuleni, qiniseka ukuthi uyawahlanza ngaphambi kokuphuza.
- Uma ukhwehlela noma uthimula: Mboza umlomo nekhala lakho ngendololwane noma ngethishu. Uma usebenzisa ithishu, yilahle emgqonyeni kadoti ngokushesha.
- Uma ugula: Hlala ekhaya ngangokunokwenzeka. Lokhu kuzosiza ekuvimbeleni ukusabalalisa ukugula kwakho kwabanye.
Ingabe wonke amagciwane amabi? Cha, kukhona asisizayo!
Asikho isidingo sokwesaba igciwane. Silibiza ngokuthi 'igciwane' kuphela uma libangela izifo. Kunabangane abaningi begciwane abangenangozi abasisizayo.
- Amabhaktheriya amahle: Kunezigidigidi zamabhaktheriya awusizo emathunjini akho. Asisiza ekugayeni ukudla esikudlayo, enze amavithamini athile, futhi asivikele kumabhaktheriya amabi. Lawa mabhaktheriya amahle atholakala ezintweni ezifana nobisi olungenamafutha kanye neyogathi.
- Isikhunta esiwusizo: Imvubelo iyisikhunta esisetshenziselwa ukwenza isinkwa. Amakhowe esiwadlayo nawo ayisikhunta. Futhi, i-penicillin, i-antibiotic eyashintsha umhlabaYenziwe ngokhunta `Penicillium notatum`.
- Amagciwane awusizo: Lokhu kungase kuzwakale kungavamile. Ososayensi manje basebenzisa amagciwane ukwelapha ezinye izifo. Kubizwa ngokuthi ukwelashwa ngezakhi zofuzo . Abakwenzayo ukususa ingxenye ebangela isifo yegciwane bese beyishintsha ngolwazi oluhle lwezakhi zofuzo (i-DNA) oludingekayo ukwelapha lesi sifo. Ngemuva kwalokho igciwane lingena emaseli ethu bese liletha lelo jini elihle emaseli ethu. Kufana nesevisi yokulethwa ephethe imithi. Lokhu kusetshenziswa ocwaningweni ukwelapha izifo ezifana nomdlavuza nesifo senhliziyo.
Ngakho-ke, amagciwane ayingxenye yokuphila kwethu. Uma uzazi futhi ulandela imikhuba emihle yezempilo, akunzima kangako ukuhlala uphilile futhi uzigweme. Uma uthola izifo njalo noma ungaqiniseki nganoma yiziphi izimpawu, qiniseka ukuthi uthintana nodokotela wakho .
Umlayezo Wokuya Nawe Ekhaya
- Ama-pathogens angama-microorganism angena emizimbeni yethu futhi abangele izifo, njengama-virus, amabhaktheriya kanye nesikhunta.
- Lokhu kusabalala kakhulu ngezandla ezingcolile, ukudla, amanzi nomoya.
- Indlela engcono kakhulu nelula yokuzivikela ezifweni ezibangelwa amagciwane ukugeza izandla zakho njalo ngensipho namanzi.
- Akuwona wonke amagciwane amabi. Kukhona futhi amagciwane amaningi awusizo asiza imizimba yethu.
- Kubaluleke kakhulu ukufuna iseluleko sezokwelapha uma usola noma yiziphi izimpawu noma uma uhlangabezana nokutheleleka njalo.
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