Igama elithi ubhubhane selijwayeleke kakhulu kithi manje, akunjalo? Ikakhulukazi ngesipiliyoni se-COVID-19 esaqala ngo-2020, la magama aseyingxenye yezimpilo zethu. Kodwa wake wacabanga yini ngomehluko wangempela phakathi kwala magama amathathu: ubhubhane, ubhubhane, kanye nobhubhane? Lawa ahluke kanjani komunye nomunye? Ake sixoxe ngalokhu kalula nangokunembile namuhla. Ukuqaphela lezi zinto kubaluleke kakhulu kuwe, emndenini wakho, kanye nasemphakathini wonke.
Iyiphi incazelo elula yala magama amathathu?
Nakuba la magama amathathu engase azwakale efana, abhekisela emazingeni amathathu ahlukene okusabalala kwezifo. Ake sibheke ukuthi ayini.
| Ithemu | Incazelo Elula |
|---|---|
| Ukubheduka | Kalula nje, lokhu kuyisiqalo. Lokhu kungukwanda okungazelelwe kwenani leziguli endaweni ethile. Ngezinye izikhathi, ngisho nesiguli esisodwa esinesifo esithelelanayo esingakaze sibikwe endaweni ethile singabhekwa njengobhubhane. Lokhu kungahlala izinsuku ezimbalwa noma ngisho neminyaka. |
| Umqedazwe | Uma ubhubhane luba yinto engalawuleki futhi lusakazekela endaweni enkulu futhi luthelela inani elikhulu labantu, lubizwa ngokuthi ubhubhane. Yilapho lesi sifo sisakazeka khona ngokushesha nangokubanzi kunalokho ochwepheshe ababekulindele. |
| Ubhubhane | Uma ubhubhane luba lubi kakhulu futhi lusakazeka emazweni amaningi, mhlawumbe ngisho namazwekazi, lubizwa ngokuthi ubhubhane. I-COVID-19 iyisibonelo esihle salokhu. I-World Health Organization (WHO) yamemezela i-COVID-19 njengobhubhane ngemuva kokuqinisekiswa ukuthi lesi sifo sibi kakhulu futhi sisakazeka ngokushesha emhlabeni wonke. Ubhubhane luyisimo esibi kakhulu esingabulala inani elikhulu labantu. |
Inani lokufa okubangelwa ubhubhane lincike ezintweni eziningana: ukuthi bangaki abantu abangenwe yileli gciwane, ukuthi lisakazeke kangakanani, kanye nokusebenza kahle kwezinyathelo ezithathiwe ukuvimbela lesi sifo.
Amazinga okuxwayisa ngobhubhane lwe-World Health Organisation (WHO)
I-World Health Organization (WHO) ichaza ubhubhane ngezigaba eziyisithupha. Lokhu kuwusizo olukhulu ekuqondeni izinga lengozi yesifo.
| Isigaba | Incazelo Yesimo |
|---|---|
| Isigaba 1 | Izinga eliphansi kakhulu lengozi yilelo lapho igciwane elitholakala ezilwaneni lingazange lithelele abantu. |
| Isigaba sesi-2 | Ukudluliselwa kwezifo kusuka esilwaneni kuya kumuntu. Lokhu kungaba yisinyathelo sokuqala sobhubhane. |
| Isigaba 3 | Amacala abikwa lapha nalaphaya phakathi kwabantu, kodwa akukho ukusabalala okusabalele emphakathini. |
| Isigaba 4 | Ukudluliselwa kwalesi sifo kusuka kumuntu kuya komunye umuntu sekuqinisekisiwe futhi ukuqubuka kwalesi sifo ezingeni lomphakathi sekuqalile. |
| Isigaba 5 | Ukusabalala kwalesi sifo emazweni angaphezu kwelilodwa esifundeni esifanayo. |
| Isigaba 6 | Ubhubhane Oluphelele: Ukusabalala kwalesi sifo phakathi kwemiphakathi okungenani kwelinye izwe kwelinye isifunda. |
Ungazivikela kanjani ekusabalaleni kwalesi sifo?
Ngesikhathi sobhubhane, kungase kungabikho ndlela yokuzivikela ngokuphelele kulesi sifo. Kuthatha ososayensi isikhathi ukuthuthukisa umuthi wokugomela . Kodwa asikwazi ukulinda nje kuze kube khona. Singathatha izinyathelo ezilula, kodwa ezibaluleke kakhulu, zokunciphisa ingozi yokuthola lesi sifo.
- Geza izandla zakho njalo: Geza izandla zakho kahle ngensipho namanzi agobhozayo okungenani imizuzwana engama-20 . Uma lokhu kungatholakali, sebenzisa isihlanzi sezandla esisekelwe kotshwala .
- Gwema ukuthinta ubuso bakho: Gwema ukuthinta umlomo, impumulo, namehlo ngaphandle kokugeza izandla zakho. Lezi yizindlela eziyinhloko igciwane elingangena ngazo emizimbeni yethu ngokungazi.
- Mboza umlomo nekhala lakho uma ukhwehlela noma uthimula: Mboza umlomo nekhala lakho ngethishu. Lahla ithishu esetshenzisiwe ebhodleleni likadoti ngokushesha bese ugeza izandla zakho futhi.
- Gwema izindawo ezinabantu abaningi: Hlala ekhaya ngangokunokwenzeka. Nciphisa ezokuthutha zomphakathi, imicimbi, kanye nezindawo ezinabantu abaningi.
- Gcina izindawo ezisendlini yakho zihlanzekile: Hlanza izindawo ezivame ukuthintwa njengezibambo zomnyango, amatafula, izihlalo, kanye nezingcingo ngesibulali-magciwane nsuku zonke.
Wenzani uma ugula?
Uma uba nezimpawu, kungumthwalo wakho futhi ukuvikela abanye.
- Hlala ekhaya: Hlala kude nabanye abantu, ekamelweni elihlukile.
- Shayela udokotela wakho: Ngaphambi kokuthi uye kobona udokotela wakho, shayela ucingo uthole iseluleko. Ukuya emtholampilo ngokushesha kakhulu kungasakaza lesi sifo kwabanye.
- Esimweni esiphuthumayo: Uma unezimpawu ezinzima njengobunzima bokuphefumula , iya eMnyangweni Wezimo Eziphuthumayo (ETU) wesibhedlela ngokushesha.
- Gqoka imaski yobuso: Uma uphuma endlini uyokwelashwa, qiniseka ukuthi ugqoka imaski yobuso.
- Gwema izinto zokuhamba zomphakathi: Gwema ukusebenzisa amabhasi omphakathi, izitimela, noma amatekisi ukuze ufike esibhedlela.
Masilungiselele ubhubhane ngisho nangaphambi kokuba lwenzeke.
Ubhubhane aluyona nje inkinga yezempilo. Luphinde lubangele izinkinga ezinkulu zomnotho nezenhlalo, njengokugula kwabantu abaningi nokungakwazi ukuya emsebenzini. Ngakho-ke, kubaluleke kakhulu ukulungiselela kusenesikhathi.
- Bhala uhlu lwezinombolo zocingo zabantu ongabashayela ucingo uma kwenzeka isimo esiphuthumayo.
- Uma izikole kufanele zivalwe, hlela uhlelo lokuthi izingane zifundele ekhaya.
- Gcina ukudla okubalulekile, amanzi, imithi, nezinye izinto ekhaya.
- Lala ngokwanele, lawula ukucindezeleka , yidla ukudla okunomsoco, futhi uvivinye umzimba. Lezi zinto zizoqinisa amasosha omzimba wakho.
- Hlola omakhelwane bakho, ikakhulukazi asebekhulile, bese ubanikeza ulwazi nosizo abaludingayo.
Ezinye zezifo eziwumshayabhuqe ezimbi kakhulu emlandweni
Kuwo wonke umlando wesintu, kube nezifo eziningi ezibhubhisayo. Ezinye zazo yilezi:
- Ukufa Okumnyama : Kulinganiselwa ukuthi abantu ababalelwa ezigidini ezingu-25 bafa kulesi sifo esasakazeka kulo lonke elaseYurophu phakathi kuka-1347 no-1351.
- Ubhubhane Lomkhuhlane (iSpanish Flu) lwango-1918: Lokhu kwabulala abantu abangaphezu kwezigidi ezingu-50 emhlabeni jikelele.
- Ingxibongo: Lesi sifo, esahlala amakhulu eminyaka, sabulala abantu abayizigidi ezingu-300 ekhulwini lama-20 kuphela. Kodwa ngenxa yokugoma, lesi sifo saqedwa emhlabeni ngo-1980.
- I-HIV ne-AIDS: Lesi sifo sibulale abantu ababalelwa ezigidini ezingu-43 emhlabeni jikelele.
- I-COVID-19: Ngo-2024, kulinganiselwa ukuthi abantu abangaphezu kwezigidi eziyi-7 emhlabeni wonke bazobe sebeshonile ngenxa ye-COVID-19.
Umlayezo Wokuya Nawe Ekhaya
- Ukuqubuka kwesifo, ubhubhane kanye nobhubhane kuyizigaba ezintathu ezahlukene zokusabalala kwesifo. Ubhubhane yilona cala elibi kakhulu, elisakazeka emazweni nasemazwenikazi.
- Ngesikhathi sobhubhane, kubaluleke kakhulu ukuzijwayeza imikhuba elula yezempilo njengokugeza izandla zakho njalo ngensipho, ukugwema ukuthinta ubuso bakho, nokugwema izindawo ezinabantu abaningi.
- Uma uba nezimpawu, zihlukanise ngokushesha nabanye bese ucela iseluleko sezokwelapha. Uma unezimpawu ezinzima, hamba uye esibhedlela ngokushesha.
- Ubhubhane aluthinti impilo kuphela, kodwa futhi nomphakathi kanye nomnotho. Ngakho-ke, ukulungiselela kusenesikhathi kunganciphisa umthelela walo.
- Uma unezinkinga zempilo, khuluma nodokotela wakho ngakho bese uthola iseluleko esifanele.
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