Ingabe ingane yakho ibinomkhuhlane nokukhwehlela izinsuku ezimbalwa? Ingabe ukukhwehlela kuye kwaba kubi kakhulu futhi manje sekwenza kube nzima ukuphefumula? Mhlawumbe ingane iphatheke kabi kakhulu ngomkhuhlane. Njengabazali, siyesaba kakhulu ngezikhathi ezinjengalezi. Lokhu kungaba izimpawu ze-pneumonia. Kodwa ungakhathazeki. Lokhu kungelapheka uma uthola ukwelashwa okufanele. Ngakho-ke ake siqaphele lokhu namuhla.
Izingane zithola kanjani i-pneumonia?
Kalula nje, i-pneumonia iwukutheleleka kwamaphaphu . Amaphaphu ethu anezikhwama ezincane zomoya ezibizwa ngokuthi ama-air sac. Lapho kuvela i-pneumonia, lezi zikhwama zomoya zigcwala ubomvu noma uketshezi. Lokhu kubangela ukuthi ingane ibe nobunzima bokuphefumula nokukhwehlela.
Izimbangela eziyinhloko zalokhu kutheleleka yizinto ezincane ezifana namagciwane namagciwane. Ngezinye izikhathi i-pneumonia ingakhula njengenkinga yomkhuhlane ovamile, umkhuhlane, noma ukugula okufana ne-COVID-19. La magciwane angena ekhaleni nasemphinjeni, ahambe ngendlela yokuphefumula, futhi athelele amaphaphu.
I-RSV (Respiratory Syncytial Virus) igciwane elikhulu elibangela i-pneumonia, ikakhulukazi ezinganeni ezingaphansi kweminyaka emi-5 ubudala.
Izinto ezandisa ingozi yokuthola i-pneumonia
Ezinye izingane zinamathuba amaningi okuthola lesi sifo.
- Ingane engaphansi kweminyaka eyi-1 isengozini enkulu kakhulu yokuba ne-pneumonia ngenxa yokuchayeka ekubhemeni intuthu ephuma komunye umuntu .
- Uma amasosha omzimba wengane ebuthakathaka (isib. ngenxa ye-HIV noma esinye isimo sezokwelapha).
- Uma unezinkinga zezempilo ezingamahlalakhona njenge-asthma, i-cystic fibrosis, i-sickle cell anemia, noma isifo senhliziyo.
- Uma unenkinga yokuzalwa ngamaphaphu akho noma indlela yokuphefumula.
Ziyini izimpawu ze-pneumonia? Uzibona kanjani?
I-pneumonia yisifo esivame ukusabalala kusuka komunye umuntu kuya komunye. Sivame kakhulu uma kubanda, ikakhulukazi ekwindla nasebusika, lapho izingane zihlala endlini. Kodwa khumbula, izingubo ezigqokwa yingane yakho kanye nokushisa ngaphandle akukwazi ukuvimbela i-pneumonia.
Izimpawu zingahluka kusuka komunye umntwana kuya komunye. Izimpawu ziyahlukahluka kuye ngokuthi lesi sifo sibangelwa yibhaktheriya noma igciwane. Kodwa-ke, kunzima ukubona umehluko phakathi kwalokhu okubili. Ngakho-ke, kungcono ukubona udokotela.
| Izimpawu ze-pneumonia yamagciwane | Izimpawu ze-pneumonia ebangelwa yigciwane |
|---|---|
| Ukuba nomkhuhlane ophezulu | Ubunzima bokuphefumula obandayo kancane kancane |
| Ukukhwehlela okune-mucus | Ukuphefumula |
| Ubuhlungu besifuba uma ukhwehlela | Ukukhwehlela kuya ngokuya kuba kubi |
| Ukuhlanza | Ukuphefumula okusheshayo noma okunzima |
| Ukuphazamiseka kwesisu (uhudo) | Ikhanda elibuhlungu |
| Isifiso sokudla | Ukugodola |
| Ukukhathala okungavamile kanye nokozela | Ukukhala noma ukungahlaliseki kwengane njalo |
Abazali abaningi ekuqaleni bacabanga ukuthi umkhuhlane nje ovamile, kodwa uma izimpawu zengane yakho ziba zimbi kakhulu, ikakhulukazi uma inenkinga yokuphefumula, kufanele nakanjani ubone udokotela.
Iphathwa kanjani i-pneumonia?
Ukwelashwa kuncike ekutheni imbangela yokugula iyigciwane noma igciwane. Udokotela uzoqala ahlole ingane yakho bese ekubuza ngezimpawu zakho. Ngemuva kwalokho, ukuze aqinisekise ukuxilongwa, angenza i-X-ray yesifuba, ukuhlolwa kwegazi, njll. Bangase banamathisele nedivayisi encane efana ne-clip (i-pulse oximeter) emunweni wengane yakho ukuze balinganise izinga lomoya-mpilo emzimbeni wayo.
Ukwelashwa kwe-pneumonia ebangelwa yigciwane
Uma imbangela yesifo kuyigciwane, izinketho zokwelapha zilinganiselwe ngoba ama-antibiotic awasebenzi ngokumelene namagciwane. Ezimweni ezinjalo, udokotela angase acebise:
- Ngifuna uphumule kahle .
- Uma kukhona umkhuhlane, bazokutshela ukuthi unikeze umthamo onqunyiwe womuthi onjenge-paracetamol ukuze wehlise umkhuhlane.
- Okubaluleke kakhulu: Unganiki izingane ezine-pneumonia imithi yokunciphisa ukukhwehlela, njenge-codeine noma i-dextromethorphan. Ukukhwehlela kuyindlela yemvelo yokuhlanza amaphaphu akhiphe amafinyila angadingeki. Ukuyekisa kungenza ukugula kube kubi kakhulu.
Ukwelashwa kwe-pneumonia yamagciwane
Uma imbangela yalesi sifo iqinisekisiwe ukuthi ibangelwa amagciwane, udokotela uzokunikeza ama-antibiotic . Nazi izinto ezimbalwa okufanele uzikhumbule nakanjani :
- Nikeza umthamo oqondile oshiwo udokotela, ngesikhathi esiqondile, wenani eliqondile lezinsuku.
- Ngisho noma ingane izizwa ingcono ngemva kwezinsuku ezimbili noma ezintathu, qhubeka nokunikeza umuthi izinsuku eziphelele ezibekiwe .
- Uma uyeka ukuthatha umuthi phakathi nendawo, amabhaktheriya asele emaphashini angaphinde abe namandla, futhi i-pneumonia ingaphinde ivele. Lokhu kungaba yingozi kakhulu.
Singazivikela kanjani izingane zethu kulesi sifo esiyingozi?
Indlela engcono kakhulu nephumelela kakhulu yokuvikela izingane e-pneumonia ukugoma .
Izinhlangano zezempilo zomhlaba wonke, njenge-US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), zincoma imithi yokugomela ukuvimbela i-pneumonia.
- I-PCV13 noma i-PCV15: Le mithi yokugoma inconywa ezinganeni ezingaphansi kweminyaka emi-5 ubudala kanye nezingane eziphakathi kweminyaka emi-5-18 ubudala ezisengozini enkulu yokuba ne-pneumonia ngenxa yezinye izimo zezokwelapha.
- I-PPV23: Lo mjovo unconywa futhi ezinganeni eziphakathi kweminyaka engu-2-18 ezinezimo ezithile zezokwelapha.
Kubalulekile ukukhuluma nodokotela wakho ngalezi zinketho zokugoma bese unquma ukuthi yikuphi okungcono kakhulu enganeni yakho. Futhi, qiniseka ukuthi yonke eminye imijovo efanele iminyaka yengane yakho (isib. isimungumungwane, ukhunta) isesikhathini.
Ngaphezu kwalokho,
- Fundisa ingane yakho imikhuba emihle yokuhlanzeka, njengokugeza izandla ngensipho njalo .
- Gcina izindawo zokudlala zengane namathoyizi zihlanzekile.
- Gwema ngokuphelele ukubhema ezindaweni lapho kukhona khona izingane.
Umlayezo Wokuya Nawe Ekhaya
- Nakuba i-pneumonia iyisifo samaphaphu esesabekayo, ingelapheka ngokuphelele ngokwelashwa okufanele.
- Ngisho noma ekuqaleni kubonakala sengathi umkhuhlane ovamile, khathazeka uma kuvela izimpawu ezifana nomkhuhlane ophakeme, ukukhwehlela okukhulu, kanye nobunzima bokuphefumula.
- Uma usola ngisho nokuncane kakhulu ukuthi une-pneumonia, ungalokothi uhlale ekhaya. Ngokuqinisekile bonana nodokotela .
- Uma udokotela ekunike ama-antibiotic, waphuze izinsuku eziphelele ngaphandle kokuyeka nganoma yisiphi isizathu .
- Indlela engcono kakhulu yokuvimbela i-pneumonia ukugonywa. Khuluma nodokotela wakho ngakho.
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