So ɛyɛ den ma wo ba sɛ ɔbɛtra hɔ dinn ayɛ biribi? So otu mmirika di akɔneaba na ohuruw di akɔneaba pii? Anaasɛ wote nka sɛ ɔmfa n’adwene nsi nea wɔreka no so? Ebia saa nneɛma yi ka ho no, woate ADHD ( Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder) nso ho asɛm. Awofo pii haw wɔ eyi ho. Enti ɛnnɛ, momma yɛnka nea ADHD yɛ ankasa, ne sɛnea abofra a ɔwɔ ADHD amemene yɛ soronko wɔ abofra a onni tebea no amemene ho.
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ADHD nyɛ abofra no mfomso anaasɛ nyansa a onni!
Nea edi kan koraa no, ade a ɛho hia sen biara a ɛsɛ sɛ yɛn nyinaa te ase ne sɛ ADHD nyɛ abofra a ɔyɛ ɔkwasea, ɔkwasea, ne tirim yɛ den, anaa onni nyansa. Ɛyɛ tebea a nnuruyɛfo gye tom. Abenfo ahu sɛ nsonsonoe bi wɔ nnipa a wɔwɔ ADHD ne wɔn a wonni ADHD amemene no nhyehyɛe, dwumadi, ne nnuruyɛ mu.
Susuw ho saa kwan yi so: yɛn amemene te sɛ kɔmputa a ɛyɛ den a afã horow pii na ɛwom. Ɔfã biara yɛ nnwuma ahorow.
1. Nsonsonoe a Ɛwɔ Amemene no Nhyehyɛe mu
Anim no yɛ yɛn amemene no fã a ɛwɔ yɛn ti anim. Ɛte sɛ yɛn ‘control room’ no. Ɛhwɛ dwumadi ahorow pii a ɛho hia te sɛ nsusuwii, nhyehyɛe, gyinaesi, adwene a wɔde si biribi so, nkae, nkate horow a wodi so , ne nkate horow a wodi so.
Nhwehwɛmu ahorow ada no adi sɛ ebia amemene no anim fã yi a ɛwɔ mmofra a wɔwɔ ADHD mu no benyin akyiri kakra asen mmofra afoforo, te sɛ nea ebia wɔbɛware akyiri kakra asen mmofra afoforo a wɔwɔ wɔn adesuakuw no mu no.
Wɔahu nso sɛ amemene no afã horow bi a ɛhwɛ nkate ne nkate horow so no betumi ayɛ ketewaa kakra wɔ mmofra a wɔwɔ ADHD no mu. Ebia amemene no nyinaa mu duru so bɛtew kakra nso, titiriw wɔ mmofraase.
2. Nsonsonoe a Ɛwɔ Dwumadi Mu
It’s not enough to just have parts of the brain , saa afã horow no hia sɛ mogya pa na ‘wɔyɛ adwuma’. Wɔ ADHD mu no, ebia nsakrae bi nso bɛba mogya a ɛkɔ amemene no anim no mu. Eyi kyerɛ sɛ ebia saa afã horow no dwumadi so bɛtew kakra.
Wɔfrɛ adwene mu nimdeɛ a ɛkorɔn a saa afã horow yi di so no sɛ adwumayɛfo dwumadi ahorow . Sɛ yɛbɛka no tiawa a, wɔte sɛ CEO a ɔwɔ yɛn tirim. Wɔn asɛyɛde ne sɛ wɔyɛ nhyehyɛe, hyehyɛ nneɛma, wowie nnwuma, na wɔhwɛ bere so. Eyi yɛ ade biako nti a saa nneɛma yi betumi ayɛ den ama abofra a ɔwɔ ADHD.
Ɛnyɛ ɛno nko, na mmom ebia nsonsonoe bɛba ɔkwan a amemene no afã horow ‘kasa’ kyerɛ wɔn ho wɔn ho nso mu (amemene no nkitahodi a ɛyɛ adwuma). Fa no sɛ, wɔ kuw a wɔyɛ adwuma yiye mu no, obiara ne ne yɔnko di nkitaho yiye. Nanso sɛ abusuabɔ a ɛda wɔn ho wɔn ho ntam no yɛ mmerɛw a, adwuma yɛ basabasa, ɛnte saa? Ɛtɔ mmere bi a biribi a ɛte saa ara si wɔ ADHD amemene no mu.
3. Nsonsonoe a Ɛwɔ Nnuru Mu Wɔ Amemene no Mu
Yɛn amemene no nam nnuru abɔfo a wɔfrɛ no neurotransmitters so de nsɛm kɔ anim ne akyi . Wɔte sɛ posɔfese adwumayɛfo. Saa abɔfo yi mu baanu na wɔde wɔn ho hyɛ ADHD mu titiriw. Wɔyɛ dopamine ne noradrenaline .
Dopamine yɛ nnuru a ɛho hia paa ma yɛn anigye, abotɔyam, kanyan, ne adwene a yɛde besi yɛn adwene so.
Abofra a ɔwɔ ADHD no nkari pɛ wɔ dopamine nhyehyɛe yi mu wɔ n’amemene mu. Dopamine nnɔɔso, anaasɛ amemene no ntumi mfa dopamine a ɛwɔ mu no nni dwuma yiye.
Eyi nti na nnuruyɛfo kyerɛw nnuru a ɛkanyan ADHD no. Saa nnuru yi kari pɛ wɔ dopamine dodow mu na ɛboa ma amemene no yɛ adwuma.
Ɔkwan bɛn so na oduruyɛfo hu no yiye sɛ wowɔ ADHD?
Ɛnyɛ mmerɛw sɛ wobehu ADHD. Oduruyɛfo de akwankyerɛ ahorow a wogye tom wɔ aman horow so di dwuma de hu no pɛpɛɛpɛ. Wɔfrɛ no DSM-5 (Nhwehwɛmu ne Akontaabu Nhoma) . Sɛnea eyi kyerɛ no, sɛnea ɛbɛyɛ na wɔahu sɛ abofra bi wɔ ADHD no, ɛsɛ sɛ sɛnkyerɛnne ahorow a ɛkyerɛ sɛ ɔmfa n’adwene nsi biribi so ne/anaasɛ ɔyɛ ade a ɛboro so-a ɛyɛ den no kɔ so kyɛ, kosi baabi a abofra no nkɔso sɛe.
Wubetumi ahu nea ɛyɛ saa su ahorow yi pefee afi pon abien a ɛwɔ ase ha no so.
| Nsɛnkyerɛnne a ɛkyerɛ sɛ wɔmfa wɔn adwene nsi biribi so | |
|---|---|
| 1. 1. Nnipa a wɔte saa | Nneɛma nketenkete a wobu ani gu so wɔ adwumam, mfomso a wɔyɛ a wɔmfa ahwɛyiye nyɛ. |
| 2. 2. | Ɛyɛ den sɛ wobɛkɔ so de w’adwene asi biribi so, sɛ́ ɛyɛ adwuma anaa agodie mu. |
| 3. 3. | Ɛte sɛ nea ontie bere a wɔrekasa no. |
| 4. 4. | Ɛyɛ den sɛ wubewie nnwuma denam akwankyerɛ ahorow a wubedi so. |
| 5. 5. | Ɛyɛ den sɛ wɔbɛyɛ adwuma wɔ nhyehyɛe ne nhyehyɛe mu. |
| 6. 6. | Adwuma a egye mmɔdenbɔ bere tenten wɔ adwene mu a wɔbɛkwati anaasɛ wɔn ani nnye ho. |
| 7. | Nneɛma a wohia ma adwuma (pɛnsil, nhoma, agode) a wɔtaa hwere. |
| 8. 8. | Ɛnyɛ den sɛ nneɛma a efi akyi bɛtwetwe n’adwene. |
| 9. 9. | Wɔn werɛ fi a wɔtaa yɛ wɔ da biara da nnwuma mu. |
| Nsɛnkyerɛnne a Ɛkyerɛ sɛ Ɛyɛ Hyperactivity & Impulsivity | |
|---|---|
| 1. 1. Nnipa a wɔte saa | Nsa anaa nan a wɔrebɔ, a wɔrebɔ wɔn ho apete wɔ akongua so. |
| 2. 2. | Sɛ wosɔre fi akongua so bere a ɛsɛ sɛ wotra ase. |
| 3. 3. | Mmirikatu ne foro a wɔforo wɔ mmere a ɛmfata mu. |
| 4. 4. | Sɛ wontumi nni agoru komm anaasɛ wɔmfa wɔn ho nhyɛ dwumadi ahorow a wɔde gye wɔn ahome mu. |
| 5. 5. | Bere nyinaa ɛte sɛ nea ‘ɔretu mmirika’ anaasɛ ‘wɔrekɔ’. |
| 6. 6. | Ɔkasa a wonnyae. |
| 7. | Ahopere a wɔde bebua asɛmmisa bi ansa na wɔabua. |
| 8. 8. | Ɛyɛ den ma obi sɛ ɔbɛtwɛn ne bere. |
| 9. 9. | Afoforo kasa anaa wɔn nneyɛe a wotwitwa (twitwa). |
Nneɛma afoforo a na ehia na ama wɔahu yare no
Ɛnyɛ abofra biara a ɔwɔ saa sɛnkyerɛnne ahorow yi na ɔwɔ ADHD. Oduruyɛfo nso bɛhwehwɛ saa nneɛma yi na ama wɔahu yare no:
- Ɛbɛyɛ sɛ saa sɛnkyerɛnne ahorow yi mu dodow no ara fii ase ansa na wɔredi mfe 12 .
- Ɛsɛ sɛ wɔda saa su ahorow yi adi wɔ mmeae abien anaa nea ɛboro saa (s.e., wɔ fie, sukuu mu, wɔ dwumadi ahorow a ɛka adesua akyi).
- Ɛsɛ sɛ saa sɛnkyerɛnne ahorow yi ma abofra no asetra, nhomasua, anaa da biara da dwumadi sɛe kɛse .
- Ɛnsɛ sɛ wɔde adwene anaa aduruyɛ mu tebea foforo kyerɛkyerɛ saa sɛnkyerɛnne ahorow yi mu.
Sɛ wowɔ wo ba no ho dadwen bi a, ɛbɛyɛ papa sɛ wo ne oduruyɛfo a ɔfata bɛka ho asɛm. Mmɔ mmɔden sɛ wobɛhwehwɛ wo ho denam nsɛm a wobɛhwehwɛ wɔ intanɛt so no so. Oduruyɛfo bi besi gyinae a eye sen biara bere a wahwehwɛ wo ba no mu yiye na wanya nsɛm afi wo ne wo ba no akyerɛkyerɛfo hɔ akyi.
Nkrasɛm a Wɔde Kɔ Fie
- ADHD nyɛ biribi a abofra no anaa awofo no mfomso na ɛde ba. Ɛyɛ aduruyɛ mu tebea ankasa a ɛfa amemene no nhyehyɛe, dwumadi, ne nnuruyɛ ho.
- Sɛ abofra bi wɔ ADHD a, ɛnkyerɛ sɛ ne nyansa sua. Nea ɛkyerɛ ara ne sɛ wɔwɔ nsonsonoe wɔ ɔkwan a wɔfa so susuw nneɛma ho na wodi nsɛm ho dwuma no mu.
- Sɛ wususuw sɛ wo ba no wɔ saa sɛnkyerɛnne ahorow yi a, yɛsrɛ wo kɔ mmofra oduruyɛfo anaa adwenemyare ho oduruyɛfo nkyɛn kɔhwehwɛ afotu.
- Sɛ wohu mmofra a wɔwɔ ADHD yiye, wɔsa wɔn yare, na wɔboa wɔn a, wobetumi atra ase yiye na anigye wom te sɛ mmofra afoforo ara pɛ. Enti mma wo ho nnpopo, na di aduruyɛ mu afotu a ɛfata akyi.
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