Biribiara a wopɛ sɛ wuhu fa Bone Marrow Biopsy ho!

Sɛ wo duruyɛfo ka kyerɛ wo sɛ ɛsɛ sɛ woyɛ nnompe mu ntini mu nhwehwɛmu a, ebia wo ho yeraw wo kakra na wopɛ sɛ wuhu, ɛnte saa? Ebia wobɛnya nsɛmmisa pii te sɛ, "Dɛn ne no? Dɛn nti na wɔreyɛ? So ɛbɛyɛ yaw?" Mma ɛnhaw wo, wɔ asɛm yi mu no yɛbɛka ne nyinaa ho asɛm wɔ ɔkwan a ɛyɛ mmerɛw so a wubetumi ate ase.

Dɛn ne Nnompe mu Ntini mu Nhwehwɛmu?

Sɛ yɛbɛka no tiawa a, nnompe mu ntini mu nhwehwɛmu yɛ nhwehwɛmu titiriw bi a wɔyɛ de hu nyarewa a ɛfa wo mogya ne wo nnompe mu ntini ho. So wunim sɛ nnompe mu ntini ne beae titiriw a wɔyɛ mogya wɔ yɛn nipadua mu. Ɛte sɛ adwumayɛbea. Wɔ sɔhwɛ yi mu no, wo duruyɛfo yi nnompe mu ntini yi fã ketewaa bi, anaa ne fã bi fi wo nnompe akɛse no biako mu. Afei, oduruyɛfo bi a ne ho akokwaw a wɔfrɛ no ɔyare ho ɔbenfo de afiri a wɔde hwɛ nneɛma nketenkete hwɛ nhwɛsode yi na ɔhwɛ sɛ ebia yare biara ho sɛnkyerɛnne bi wɔ hɔ anaa. Saa nnompe mu ntini mu nhwehwɛmu yi ho hia na ama wɔahu nyarewa pii pɛpɛɛpɛ, titiriw nyarewa a efi mogya mu ne kokoram ahorow bi.

Enti, dɛn ne nnompe mu ntini yi?

Fa no sɛ, wɔ nnompe akɛse a ɛwɔ yɛn nipadua mu no mu no, baabi da mpan, te sɛ afiri bi mu. Saa beaeɛ a hwee nni hɔ no mu no, deɛ wɔfrɛ no ``Bone Marrow`` wɔ hɔ. Ɛwɔ afã abien: ɔfã a ɛyɛ mmerɛw a ɛyɛ ntini a ɛyɛ spongy, ne ɔfã a ɛyɛ nsu. Saa ntini fã yi a ɛwɔ nnompe mu ntini mu no na ɛma nneɛma abiɛsa a ɛho hia ma yɛn nipadua no yɛ:

• Mogya mu nkwammoaa kɔkɔɔ : Eyinom ne nkwammoaa a ɛde mframa pa kɔ yɛn nipadua nyinaa mu. Sɛ yɛhome a, oxygen a ɛkɔ ahurututu mu no nam mogya mu nkwammoaa kɔkɔɔ yi so kyekyɛ kɔ nipadua no mu nkwammoaa biara mu.
• Mogya mu nkwammoaa fitaa : Te sɛ yɛn nipadua no ahobammɔ tumi no, saa mogya mu nkwammoaa fitaa yi bɔ yɛn ho ban fi mmoawa ne nyarewa ho.
• Nkwammoaa a ɛma mogya tu: Wunim sɛnea wugyae mogyatɔw bere a woapira no? Saa mogya nkwammoaa yi boa wɔ ɛno mu. Sɛ mogya ntini bi bubu a, ɛboaboa ano ma ɛyɛ ntini na ɛma mogya no gyae .

Nnompe no fã a ɛyɛ nsu no kura ntini mu nkwammoaa , kyerɛ sɛ, nkwammoaa a ennya nnyinii nanso ebetumi abɛyɛ mogya mu nkwammoaa kɔkɔɔ, mogya mu nkwammoaa fitaa, ne mogya mu nkwammoaa. Afei nso, wɔyɛ vitamin ahorow a ehia na ama nkwammoaa yi anyin no wɔ ɔfã a ɛyɛ nsu yi mu. Afei ebia woate ase sɛ nnompe mu ntini mu nhwehwɛmu hwehwɛ ntini no fã yi mu. Nanso, sɔhwɛ foforo bi wɔ hɔ a wɔfrɛ no bone marrow aspiration , a ɛhwehwɛ saa fã a ɛyɛ nsu no mu. Mpɛn pii no, wo duruyɛfo no bɛyɛ saa aspiration yi bere koro no ara mu ne biopsy no.

Bere bɛn na oduruyɛfo kamfo kyerɛ sɛ wɔnyɛ nnompe mu ntini mu nhwehwɛmu?

Nnompe mu ntini mu nhwehwɛmu betumi ama nnuruyɛfo anya nsɛm a ɛsom bo pii. Wɔde saa nsɛm no di dwuma de:

• Sɛnea ɛbɛyɛ a wobɛhwɛ anaa woahu aduruyɛ mu tebea bi: Sɛ nhwɛso no, sɛ wuhu nsakrae a ɛnteɛ wɔ mogya nkwammoaa dodow a ɛwɔ mogya mu (ɛba fam dodo anaasɛ ɛkɔ soro dodo) a, ebia wo duruyɛfo bɛkamfo akyerɛ sɛ wɔnyɛ biopsy. Eyi betumi aboa ma wɔahu nneɛma pii, a nea ɛka ho ne nyarewa a efi mogya mu, kokoram, atiridiinini a wontumi nkyerɛkyerɛ mu, ne ɔyare mmoawa.
• Sɛ wowɔ kokoram a, kyerɛ nea ɛkɔ so: Faako a kokoram bi wɔ ne baabi a atrɛw akodu ne sɛnea emu yɛ den. Nnompe mu ntini mu nhwehwɛmu betumi ahu sɛ kokoram no atrɛw akɔ nnompe mu ntini mu anaasɛ kokoram akisikuru bi renyin wɔ nnompe mu ntini no mu.
• Hwɛ sɛnea ayaresa no rekɔ so: Ɛtɔ mmere bi a, nnuruyɛfo nso yɛ saa nipadua mu nhwehwɛmu yi de hwɛ sɛnea ayaresa no reyɛ adwuma yiye. Sɛ nhwɛso no, obi a ɔreyɛ kokoram ayaresa no betumi ama wɔayɛ nhwehwɛmu yi bere ne bere mu de ahwɛ sɛ ebia ne nnompe mu ntini reyɛ mogya mu nkwammoaa a ɛte apɔw wɔ ayaresa akyi anaa.

Ade foforo ne sɛ wɔde biopsy yi nso di dwuma de hwɛ sɛ ebia obi a ɔde ma no ne obi a ɔrekɔyɛ nnompe mu ntini foforo (allogeneic stem cell transplant ) no hyia yiye anaa. Ɛtɔ mmere bi a, ɛsɛ sɛ obi a mogya mu nkwammoaa a ɛte apɔw sua no nya ntini mu nkwammoaa a ɛte apɔw a wɔde fi obi foforo hɔ. Sɛ ɛno bɛba a, ɛsɛ sɛ nea ɔde ma no ne nea ɔde ma no nkwammoaa hyia.

Nyarewa bɛn na wobetumi de nnompe mu ntini mu nhwehwɛmu ahu?

Wɔtaa yɛ saa biopsy yi de hu tebea horow a ɛma mogya mu nkwammoaa dɔɔso dodo anaa kakraa bi. Wɔde di dwuma nso de hu kokoram a ɛka wo mogya anaa wo nnompe mu ntini. Tebea horow a ebetumi de eyi aba no bi ni:

• Mogya a ɛtɔ kɔ nipadua mu: Mogya mu nkwammoaa kɔkɔɔ a ɛdɔɔso a enni hɔ a ɛbɛma mframa pa akɔ nipadua no nyinaa mu. Yɛsan frɛ no " mogya a ɛtɔ kɔ nipadua mu ."
• Aplastic anemia: Tebea a nnompe mu ntini ntumi mma mogya mu nkwammoaa kɔkɔɔ, mogya mu nkwammoaa fitaa, ne mogya mu nkwammoaa a ɛdɔɔso.
• Leukopenia ne leukocytosis: Mogya mu nkwammoaa fitaa dodow a ɛba fam koraa (leukopenia) anaasɛ ɛkɔ soro yiye (leukocytosis).
• Thrombocytopenia ne thrombocytosis: Ntini mu mogya mu nkwammoaa dodow a ɛba fam koraa (thrombocytopenia) anaasɛ ɛkɔ soro yiye (thrombocytosis).
• Polycythemia vera: Eyi yɛ mogya mu kokoram a ɛntaa nsi a nnompe mu ntini no ma mogya mu nkwammoaa kɔkɔɔ pii ba.
• Leukemia: Kokoram a ɛba mogya mu nkwammoaa mu. Ebetumi ama mogya mu nkwammoaa a ɛnteɛ, titiriw mogya mu nkwammoaa fitaa, ayɛ.
• Ntini a ɛma mogya tu:Kokoram a ɛba wɔ ntini a ɛma mogya tu no mu. Eyi nso betumi ama mogya mu nkwammoaa fitaa ne kɔkɔɔ dodow ayɛ nea ɛnteɛ.
• Multiple myeloma: Eyi nso yɛ mogya mu kokoram a ɛntaa nsi. Ɛka plasma nkwammoaa, mogya mu nkwammoaa fitaa bi.
• Kokoram a ɛto so abien: Kokoram a efi ase wɔ nipadua no mmeae afoforo (sɛ nhwɛso no, nufu, ahurututu) na afei ɛtrɛw kɔ beae a ɛto so abien te sɛ nnompe mu ntini.
• Myelofibrosis: Wɔ tebea yi mu no, wɔde nhama a ɛyɛ akuru si nnompe mu ntini no ananmu.
• Myelodysplastic syndrome: Eyi yɛ nnompe mu yare a ntini mu nkwammoaa nnyinii yiye.

Nea ɛka ho no, saa biopsy yi nso betumi aboa ma wɔahu chromosome ahorow a ɛnteɛ ne vitamin ahorow bi a enni nipadua mu. Saa sintɔ ahorow yi betumi ama nnompe mu ntini no ayɛ mogya mu nkwammoaa kɔkɔɔ a ne nsɛso a ɛnteɛ anaasɛ ɛsõ.

Hena na ɔreyɛ biopsy yi?

Mpɛn pii no, oduruyɛfo a ne ho akokwaw wɔ nyarewa a efi mogya mu (mogya ho ɔyaresafo) anaa oduruyɛfo a ne ho akokwaw wɔ kokoram ho (oncologist) na ɔyɛ saa nnompe mu ntini mu nhwehwɛmu yi .

Wobɛyɛ dɛn asiesie wo ho ama eyi? Dɛn na ɛsɛ sɛ woyɛ?

Wo duruyɛfoɔ bɛkyerɛkyerɛ nhwehwɛmu no mu akyerɛ wo na wama wo akwankyerɛ a ɛfa sɛdeɛ wobɛsiesie wo ho. Sɛ nhwɛso no, sɛ wɔma wo aduru bi a ɛma wo ho dwo wo na aboa wo ma woada da a wɔbɛyɛ sɔhwɛ no a, wobetumi aka akyerɛ wo sɛ mmuada anadwo ansa na wɔayɛ sɔhwɛ no. Sɛ eyi te saa a, ebehia sɛ woyɛ nhyehyɛe ma obi de kar bɛfa wo akɔ fie. Ɛho behia sɛ wo duruyɛfo hu w’ayaresa ho abakɔsɛm nyinaa ne nnuru biara a worenom mprempren. Enti, hwɛ hu sɛ wobɛka:

• So wowɔ tebea bi a ɛmma wo mogya ntumi nkɔ ntɛmntɛm (te sɛ hemophilia)?
• So worenom nnuru biara (titiriw nnuru a ekum mogya a ɛtwetwe anaa nea ɛma mogya yɛ mmerɛw)?
• So wofa vitamin anaa nnuru bi a wɔde ka aduan ho?
• So wowɔ nnuru biara ho adwenemhaw bi?

Afei nso, sɛ woanyinsɛn a, ɛsɛ sɛ woma oduruyɛfo no hu. Ɛdenam eyinom nyinaa a wodi kan ka kyerɛ wɔn so no, nnuruyɛfo kuw no betumi aboa wo ma woayɛ nhwehwɛmu yi dwoodwoo na ahotɔ wom.

Dɛn na ɛsɛ sɛ yɛhwɛ kwan bere a wɔreyɛ biopsy no?

Wobetumi ayɛ nnompe mu ntini mu nhwehwɛmu wɔ oduruyɛfo adwumayɛbea anaa ayaresabea. Adeyɛ no nyinaa gye bɛyɛ simma 30.Wobɛdane bere a wɔreyɛ sɔhwɛ no, nanso wɔbɛma wo nnuru a wɔde kum nipadua no wɔ mpɔtam hɔ na aboa wo ma wo ho atɔ wo. Ansa na wɔbɛyɛ sɔhwɛ no, wɔbɛma wo ayaresabea atade. Ebia wɔbɛma wo aduru bi a ɛma wo ho dwo nso na aboa wo ma woagye w’ahome. Anamɔn no taa kɔ saa: 1. Ɛgyina baabi a wɔreyɛ biopsy no so no, wɔbɛdan wo akɔ wo nkyɛn anaa wo yafunu so. Wɔyɛ nnompe mu ntini mu nhwehwɛmu dodow no ara wɔ w’asen dompe (posterior iliac crest) akyi . 2. Afei, wo duruyɛfo de aduru a ekum ɔyare mmoawa bɛhohoro honam ani a ɛwɔ beae hɔ no ho na ɔde aduru bi a ɛma ɛyɛ mmerɛw afa honam ani kosi sɛ ebedu dompe no ho. 3. Wɔbɛyɛ ntwitwiridii ketewaa bi na wɔde biopsy needle soronko bi ahyɛ wo dompe mu. 4. Sɛ wɔde syringe ketewaa bi a wɔde abata ade no ho di dwuma a, woyi nsu kakraa bi fi wo nnompe mu ntini mu ( nnompe mu ntini a wɔde twetwe a yɛadi kan aka ho asɛm no). 5. Afei, wɔde ade a ɛyɛ tokuru a ɛte sɛ afiri hyehyɛ mu na woyi ntini a ɛte sɛ sponge a ɛwɔ nnompe mu ntini no mu no fã ketewaa bi. Wɔfrɛ eyi sɛ core biopsy . Eyi te saa efisɛ woyi ntini bi a ɛyɛ kurukuruwa "core" fi ade no mu. 6. Woyi ade a nhwɛsode no wom no, wɔde nhyɛso gu honam ani ma mogya no gyae, na wɔde aduru a wɔde kyekyere kuru no so. Afei oduruyɛfo no de nhwɛsode no kɔ aduruyɛdan bi mu. Ɛhɔ no, wɔsɔ hwɛ sɛ ebia yare ho sɛnkyerɛnne bi wɔ hɔ anaa.

So eyi yɛ yaw?

Eyi yɛ asɛm a nnipa pii bisa. Sɛ yɛbɛka nokware a, ebetumi ayɛ nea ɛnyɛ dɛ kakra. Sɛ woyɛ nnompe mu ntini a wɔde twetwe, a ɛno ne bere a wɔfa nsu fã no a, ebia wobɛte ɛyaw a ano yɛ den a wode sekan abɔ wo nka . Sɛ woyɛ core biopsy, a ɛyɛ bere a wɔfa ntini no fã no a, ebia wobɛte ɛyaw a ɛyɛ mmerɛw na ɛyɛ yaw nka bere tiaa bi . Nea ɛyɛ awerɛhow no, dompe no ntumi nyɛ mmerɛw. Enti, ebia wobɛte nneɛma te sɛ mia, pia, twe, a ɛnyɛ dɛ kakra nka.

Nanso mma ɛnhaw wo. Sɛ wowɔ nsɛm bi a ɛhaw wo anaa nsɛmmisa bi fa ɛyaw no ho a, wo ne wo duruyɛfo nkasa. Wobetumi ama wo nnuru a ɛbɛboa wo ma wo ho atɔ wo, de aka baabi a wɔreyɛ biopsy no a wɔbɛma ayɛ mmerɛw ho.

Dɛn na ɛba bere a wɔayɛ biopsy no akyi?

Mpɛn pii no wubetumi akɔ fie da koro no ara a wɔreyɛ sɔhwɛ no. Nanso, sɛ wɔmaa wo aduru a ɛma obi dwo a, wubehia obi a ɔde kar bɛka wo akɔ fie. Sɛ wokɔ fie pɛ a, ɛsɛ sɛ wudi wo duruyɛfo akwankyerɛ akyi pɛpɛɛpɛ. Ebia wɔbɛka nsɛm te sɛ:

• Sɛ wowɔ ɛyaw anaa wo ho nyɛ wo dɛ bi a, fa aduru a wɔde brɛ ɛyaw ano a wɔmfa nnuru nkyerɛw mma wo a wubetumi anya afi nnurutɔnbea a oduruyɛfo nkyerɛw wo.
• Kwati sɛ wobɛteɛteɛ w’apɔw mu anaa wobɛyɛ adwuma a emu yɛ duru anyɛ yiye koraa no nnɔnhwerew 24.
• Anyɛ yiye koraa no, ma baabi a kuru no yɛ nwunu nnɔnhwerew 24.

So asiane bi wɔ eyi mu?

Nokwarem no, nsɛnnennen a efi nnompe mu ntini mu nhwehwɛmu mu ba no ho yɛ na koraa.Nanso, ɛntaa mma sɛ mogya betumi atu dodo anaasɛ ɔyare mmoawa bɛba baabi a wɔyɛɛ nipadua no mu nhwehwɛmu no. Mpɛn pii no, sɛ wode nhyɛso ba beae no a, ɛbɛma mogya no agyae. Sɛ ɔyare mmoawa bi ba a, ebia wo duruyɛfo bɛma wo aduru a ekum ɔyare mmoawa a wode bɛhyɛ wo ho.

Dɛn na efi mu ba? Dɛn na wɔka kyerɛ yɛn?

Oduruyɛfo titiriw bi a wɔfrɛ no ɔyare ho ɔbenfo na ɔde afiri a wɔde hwɛ nneɛma nketenkete hwehwɛ wo nnompe mu ntini mu . Sɛ wo duruyɛfo nya nea wahu a, ɔne wo bɛbɔ ho nkɔmmɔ na wakyerɛ wo nea ɛsɛ sɛ woyɛ akyi. Ebia wo duruyɛfo no begyina nea ebefi mu aba no so dua sɛ woahu yare bi, ahyɛ sɛ wɔnyɛ nhwehwɛmu pii, anaasɛ ɔkamfo ayaresa akyerɛ, anaasɛ ɔbɛyɛ nsakrae wɔ ayaresa a woreyɛ mprempren no mu. Ade a ɛho hia sen biara ne sɛ wubebisa wo duruyɛfo nea nea efi mu ba no kyerɛ ma wo. Esiane sɛ ɛsono obiara tebea nti, wo duruyɛfo ne onipa a oye sen biara a obehu nea nea efi mu ba no kyerɛ ankasa.

Bere bɛn na ɛsɛ sɛ wokɔ oduruyɛfo nkyɛn ntɛm?

Sɛ wunya nsɛnnennen ho sɛnkyerɛnne biara wɔ nhwehwɛmu no akyi a, kɔ wo duruyɛfo nkyɛn ntɛm ara. Nsɛnkyerɛnne a ɛtete saa no bi ne:

• Sɛ mogya tu dodo anaasɛ nsu fi baabi a wɔyɛɛ biopsy no a.
• Sɛ ɛho ahonhon wɔ baabi a wɔyɛɛ biopsy no a.
• Beae no yɛ kɔkɔɔ (titiriw sɛ kɔkɔɔ no trɛw a).
• Sɛ wunya atiridii anaasɛ ɛyaw no mu yɛ den a .

Nea etwa to no, nneɛma a ɛsɛ sɛ wokae (Take-Home Message) .

Sɛ wowɔ mogya mu yare anaa tebea foforo bi a ɛka nnompe mu ntini ho sɛnkyerɛnne a, ɛtaa ba sɛ wɔbɛyɛ nnompe mu ntini mu nhwehwɛmu. Sɛ wowɔ nsɛmmisa pɔtee bi fa sɔhwɛ yi ho anaasɛ wohaw wo ho wɔ nkate a wubenya bere a wɔreyɛ biopsy no ho a, wo ne wo duruyɛfo nkasa. Wobetumi ama wo nnuru a wɔde kum ɛyaw na aboa wo ma woate nka sɛ wo ho tɔ wo na wo ho adwo wo. Wobetumi nso akyerɛkyerɛ sɔhwɛ no anammɔn biara mu akyerɛ wo. Eyi bɛboa wo ma woate nka sɛ wowɔ nsɛm pii na wowɔ ahotoso bere a woreyɛ wo biopsy no. W’akwahosan a wobɛhwɛ so no ne ade a ɛho hia sen biara, enti nsuro sɛ wobɛhwehwɛ aduruyɛ mu afotu.

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