So mogya sua wo? Momma yɛnka Megaloblastic Anemia ho asɛm!

So wo nso wote nka sɛ woabrɛ bere nyinaa? So wote nka sɛ woda da mũ nyinaa, na wo nipadua te nka sɛ nkwa nnim sɛ wobɛyɛ biribiara? Ɛtɔ da bi a wo honam ani yɛ fitaa na wote nka sɛ wo home ayɛ wo yaw kakra? Mma eyinom ngu kɛkɛ sɛ nneɛma a ɛyɛ daa. Eyinom betumi ayɛ wo mogya ho haw bi ho sɛnkyerɛnne. Ɛnnɛ yɛrebɛka Megaloblastic Anemia , tebea bi a ɛde sɛnkyerɛnne te sɛ eyinom ba, titiriw bere a vitamin B12 ne vitamin B9 (a wɔsan frɛ no folate) nni wo mu no ho asɛm.

Dɛn ne Megaloblastic Anemia?

Sɛ yɛbɛka no tiawa a, megaloblastic anemia yɛ mogya a ɛtɔ kɔ mogya mu a ɛka mogya mu nkwammoaa kɔkɔɔ a ɛwɔ mogya no mu no. Nea ɛba wɔ eyi mu ne sɛ mogya mu nkwammoaa kɔkɔɔ a ɛba yɛn nnompe mu ntini mu no yɛ kɛse sen sɛnea ɛte daa . Ɛno nti na wɔsan frɛ no ‘macrocytic anemia’, a ɛkyerɛ sɛ mogya mu nkwammoaa akɛse nni hɔ .

Ɔkwan foforo so no, eyi yɛ mogya a ɛtɔ kɔ nipadua mu a vitamin a enni nipadua mu . Saa tebea yi ba bere a nipadua no nnya aduannuru abien a ɛdɔɔso a ɛne vitamin B12 ne vitamin B9 ( folate ) no . Nanso mma ɛnhaw wo, nnuruyɛfo betumi asa tebea yi denam vitamin B12 ne B9 a wɔde bɛma wo no so.

Ɔkwan bɛn so na megaloblastic anemia ka yɛn nipadua?

Afei, hwɛ, yɛn nipadua hia mogya mu nkwammoaa kɔkɔɔ a ɛte apɔw dodow bi. Efisɛ saa nkwammoaa kɔkɔɔ yi na ɛde mframa pa fi ahurututu mu kɔ ntini a ɛwɔ nipadua no mu nyinaa mu, na ɛde mframa bɔne san kɔ. Te sɛ mogya mu nkwammoaa afoforo nyinaa no, mogya mu nkwammoaa kɔkɔɔ fi ase sɛ ntini mu nkwammoaa a ɛwɔ yɛn nnompe mu.

Vitamin B12 ne vitamin B9 ho hia na ama mogya mu nkwammoaa kɔkɔɔ ayɛ yiye. Sɛ wonni hɔ a, yɛn nipadua no yɛ nkwammoaa bi a ɛnyɛ ne kwan so a wɔfrɛ no megaloblasts .

Fa no sɛ, saa megaloblasts yi, nkwammoaa a ɛpaapae na ɛdɔɔso te sɛ nkwammoaa a ɛte apɔw no nnyɛ foforo. Ɛno kyerɛ sɛ mogya mu nkwammoaa kɔkɔɔ dodow a ɛwɔ nnompe mu ntini mu no so tew. Ade foforo nti a ɛte saa ne sɛ saa nkwammoaa a ɛnteɛ yi sõ yiye. Nokwarem no, wɔsõ araa ma ɛtɔ mmere bi mpo a wontumi mfi nnompe mu nnompe mu nkɔ mogya mu. Sɛ wɔyɛ saa mpo a, saa nkwammoaa a ɛnteɛ yi wuwu ntɛmntɛm sen nkwammoaa kɔkɔɔ a ɛte apɔw. Sɛ eyinom nyinaa bom a, mogya mu nkwammoaa kɔkɔɔ dodow a ɛwɔ nipadua no mu no so tew, na ɛde mogya a ɛtɔ kɔ nipadua mu, a ɛyɛ mogya a enni nipadua no mu ba.

So eyi yɛ yare a emu yɛ den?

Ade biako a ɛde megaloblastic anemia ba ne vitamin B12 a enni nipadua no mu. Sɛ wɔansa a, vitamin B12 a enni nipadua no mu no betumi de ntini mu nsɛm aba . Sɛ nhwɛso no, nkae a ɛyera, kari pɛ a ɛyera, ne akwaa a ɛyɛ mmerɛw anaasɛ ɛyɛ nsɔe, a wɔfrɛ no ‘paresthesia’. Enti eyi nyɛ biribi a ɛsɛ sɛ wobu no adewa.

Saa yare yi abu so dɛn?

Megaloblastic anemia nyɛ yare a ɛntaa nsi, nanso nnuruyɛfo nni nsɛm a ɛdɔɔso a wɔde bɛka nnipa dodow pɔtee a wɔwɔ bi.

Dɛn na ɛde megaloblastic mogya a ɛtɔ kɔ nipadua mu ba?

Sɛnea yɛadi kan aka no, ade titiriw nti a ɛte saa ne sɛ yɛn nnompe mu ntini no nni vitamin B12 anaa vitamin B9 a ɛdɔɔso a ɛbɛma ayɛ mogya mu nkwammoaa kɔkɔɔ a ɛte apɔw a ɛde mframa pa kɔ nipadua no mu nyinaa.

Dɛn na ɛde vitamin B12 a enni nipadua no mu ba?

Nnipa binom nya vitamin B12 a enni wɔn mu esiane sɛ wonni nnuan a vitamin B12 wom te sɛ nam, mpataa, nkesua, ne nufusu a ɛdɔɔso nti. Afoforo nso wɔ ɔhaw wɔ vitamin B12 a wɔtwe mu, esiane ayaresa tebea horow bi anaa ayaresa nti. Tebea horow a ɛtete saa no bi ne:

• Mogya a ɛtɔ kɔ nipadua mu a ɛsɛe ade: Eyi yɛ ɔyare a nipadua no tumi ko tia nyarewa a ɛmma nipadua no ntumi nnye vitamin B12 .
• Gastrectomy: Eyi yɛ oprehyɛn a woyi yafunu no fã bi fi hɔ. Eyi betumi aka vitamin B12 a wɔtwe no.
• Zollinger-Ellison syndrome: Eyi yɛ tebea a ɛntaa nsi a ɛmma nipadua no nso ntumi nnye vitamin B12.
• Blind loop syndrome: Eyi ne bere a aduan a yɛyam no ntumi nkɔ dwensɔtwaa no mu yiye na ɛkɔhyɛ baabi biako, baabi a mmoawa nyin na wɔde vitamin B12 di dwuma.
• Mpataa tapeworm a wɔde wɔn ho ahyɛ mu: Wobetumi anya saa tapeworm yare yi denam mpataa a wɔannoa yiye a wɔanya ɔyare no so. Saa tapeworms yi tra ase denam vitamin B12 a wɔtwe so.
• Pancreatic insufficiency: Wɔ tebea yi mu no, wo dwensɔtwaa no ntumi nyɛ aduan mu enzymes a ɛdɔɔso mfa ntumi nwe aduan. Eyi kyerɛ sɛ ebia wunnya aduannuru a wuhia nyinaa te sɛ vitamin B12 anaa B9 a ɛdɔɔso.

Dɛn na ɛde vitamin B9 (folate) a enni nipadua no mu ba?

Vitamin B9 (folate) a yenni no betumi aba sɛ yɛamfa nhabannuru a ɛyɛ ahabammono, nnuaba, nam, ne atoko a ɛdɔɔso anhyɛ yɛn da biara da aduan mu, anaa nnuan a wɔde folic acid ahyɛ mu den ho a. Ntease afoforo nso wɔ hɔ:

• Nyarewa a ɛwɔ aduan mu: Sɛ wowɔ yare bi te sɛ Crohn ’s disease anaa celiac yare a, ebia wo digestive system no rennye folic acid yiye.
• Nsã a wɔnom boro so : Ɛtɔ mmere bi a nnipa a wɔnom nsa pii de nsa si aduan ananmu. Ne saa nti, wonnya folate a ɛdɔɔso.
• Wo nnuaba ne nhabannuru a wobɛnoa boro so: Sɛ wonoa nnuaba ne nhabannuru boro so a, ɔhyew no betumi asɛe folate a ɛwɔ mu fi awosu mu no.
• Hemolytic anemia: Eyi yɛ mogya mu yare a wo mogya mu nkwammoaa kɔkɔɔ no sɛe na wo nnompe mu ntini ntumi nyɛ bio ntɛmntɛm sɛnea ɛsɛ.
• Nnuru bi: Nnuru bi a wɔde sa akisikuru ne dwensɔtwaa mu akuruNnuru a wɔde ma wɔ akisikuru a ɛma akisikuru ho no siw folate a wɔtwe no yiye no kwan.
• Dialysis: Ɛtɔ mmere bi a nnipa a wɔreyɛ dialysis no aduan ho akɔnnɔ so tew esiane asaabo a entumi nyɛ adwuma yiye nti. Eyi betumi aka vitamin B12 dodow a wonya fi aduan mu. (Ɛsɛ sɛ wokenkan B9 ho asɛm nso wɔ ha, ɛwom sɛ mfitiase asɛm no ka sɛ B12 de, nanso ebetumi ayɛ B9 nso a egyina nsɛm a ɛfa ho no so.)

Dɛn ne megaloblastic anemia ho sɛnkyerɛnne?

Megaloblastic anemia ho sɛnkyerɛnne te sɛ mogya a ɛtɔ kɔ nipadua no mu ahorow afoforo de no:

• Ɔbrɛ: Sɛ wote nka sɛ woabrɛ araa ma wuntumi nyɛ da biara da nnwuma.
• Mmerewa: Sɛ obi te nka te sɛ nea nkwa nni ne nipadua mu, ontumi nkɔ baabiara anaa ɔnyɛ biribiara.
• Pallor: Wo honam ani yɛ fitaa sen sɛnea ɛte daa.
• Dyspnea: Nkate a ɛma obi home yɛ den, ɛyɛ den sɛ ɔbɛhome denneennen.
• Adwene a ɛyɛ basaa anaasɛ obi a ɔtotɔ piti: Nkate a ɛma obi twitwiw ne ho anaasɛ n’adwene mu yɛ no naa.

Vitamin B12 a wunni titiriw no, ɛtɔ mmere bi a ebetumi aka wo ntini ahorow, na ama woanya sɛnkyerɛnne te sɛ wo nsa ne wo nan a ɛyɛ mmerɛw, wo nkate a ɛyera, anaa ntini a ɛyɛ mmerɛw.

Ɔkwan bɛn so na nnuruyɛfo hu eyi pɛpɛɛpɛ?

Nnuruyɛfo hu megaloblastic anemia denam wo nipadua mu nhwehwɛmu a wɔyɛ na wobisa wo nsɛm fa wo sɛnkyerɛnne ahorow ho no so. Wobetumi nso ahyɛ sɛ wɔnyɛ mogya mu nhwehwɛmu te sɛ:

• Mogya dodow a edi mũ (FBC): Saa nhwehwɛmu yi hwɛ wo mogya mu nkwammoaa kɔkɔɔ dodow ne sɛnea ɛyɛ adwuma.
• Peripheral blood smear (PBS): Nea ɛka eyi ho ne sɛ wobɛhwɛ wo mogya mu nkwammoaa wɔ afiri a wɔde hwɛ nneɛma nketenkete mu. Ɛwom sɛ wɔde afiri hwehwɛ mogya mu nhwehwɛmu bi mu de, nanso wɔ eyi mu no, oduruyɛfo bi hwɛ nkwammoaa no mu na osi gyinae.
• Reticulocyte dodow: Eyi kyerɛ mogya mu nkwammoaa kɔkɔɔ a ennyinii (reticulocytes) dodow a ɛwɔ wo nnompe mu. Eyi boa nnuruyɛfo ma wohu sɛ ebia wo nnompe mu ntini no reyɛ mogya mu nkwammoaa kɔkɔɔ a ɛte apɔw a ɛdɔɔso anaa.

Ɔkwan bɛn so na wɔsa eyi?

Nnuruyɛfo sa megaloblastic anemia denam vitamin a wɔde ma so. Hwɛ eyi:

• Vitamin B12 a Ɛho Nni Ayaresa: Ebia wo duruyɛfo bɛkamfo akyerɛ sɛ fa vitamin B12 a wɔde twitwiw wo mu adapɛn kakraa bi kosi sɛ vitamin B12 dodow bɛsan ayɛ sɛnea na ɛte kan no. Sɛ ɔhaw bi a ɛwɔ sɛnea wo nipadua tumi twetwe B12 no na ɛde vitamin B12 a wunni no ba a, ebia ebehia sɛ wonom B12 aduru asram kakraa biara wo nkwa nna nyinaa. Afei nso, ebia ɛho behia sɛ nnipa a B12 nni wɔn mu esiane tebea bi a wɔfrɛ no pernicious anemia nti no nom B12 nnuru a wɔde ma wɔn nkwa nna nyinaa.
• Vitamin B9 a Ɛho Nni Ayaresa: Ebia wo duruyɛfo bɛkyerɛw folic acid aduru a wɔde besiesie vitamin B9 a enni hɔ. Wɔbɛhwɛ wo vitamin B12 dodow nso ahwɛ sɛ ɛwɔ anohyeto a ɛfata mu anaa. Eyi te saa efisɛ ɛtɔ mmere bi a vitamin B9 a wɔde ma no betumi atew megaloblastic anemia ho sɛnkyerɛnne so na akata vitamin B12 a enni nipadua mu (a ebetumi ama ntini ahorow asɛe) no so.

Yɛbɛyɛ dɛn atumi atew asiane a ɛwɔ hɔ sɛ yebenya yare yi so?

Akwan pii wɔ hɔ a wobetumi afa so atew asiane no so:

• Bɔ mmɔden sɛ wubedi aduan a ɛkari pɛ a ɛde nnuan a vitamin B12 ne vitamin B9 wom di kan .
• To nsa a wonom no ano hye. Nsã a wobɛnom daa no betumi aka wo aduan mu nhyehyɛe na amma wo nipadua no annye vitamin B12.
• Sɛ wowɔ aduruyɛ mu yare bi a ɛmma wuntumi nnye vitamin ahorow yi a, wo ne wo duruyɛfo nyɛ adwuma mfa nni saa tebea no ho dwuma.

Nnuan a vitamin B12 wom:

• Mmoa nnuan: Nam kɔkɔɔ, mpataa, nkokɔnam, nkesua, nufusu, ne nufusu afoforo wɔ vitamin B12 pii.
• Nnuan a wɔahyɛ no den: Eyinom yɛ nnuan a wɔde vitamin ne aduannuru bi a enni abɔde mu ahyɛ mu den. Nhwɛso ahorow bi ne anɔpaduan mu aburow bi, mmɔkaw a ahoɔdennuru wom, afifide nufusu bi, ne paanoo bi. Ɛho hia sɛ wohwɛ aduannuru ho nokwasɛm a wɔakyerɛw wɔ aduan a wɔde ahyɛ mu no so na ama woahwɛ ahu sɛ vitamin B12 ahyɛ aduan no mu den.

Nnuan a vitamin B9 (folate) pii wom: .

• Nnuadewa: Nnuadewa a ɛyɛ ahabammono tuntum (te sɛ akutu, kale), peas, bankye, ne atoko.
• Nnuaba: Citrus nnuaba (te sɛ borɔdɔma ne tangerine).
• Mmoa nnuan: mmerɛbo, ɛpo mu nnuan, nam ne nkokɔ.
• Nkwaa ne nufusu mu nnuan.
• Nnuan a wɔahyɛ no den: Folic acid wɔ paanoo, esiam, pasta, aburow, ne aburow bi mu. Afei nso, hwɛ nea wɔakyerɛw wɔ aduan a wɔde ahyɛ mu no so hwɛ sɛ vitamin B9 (folic acid) ahyɛ aduan no mu den.

Sɛ mewɔ megaloblastic anemia a, dɛn na metumi ahwɛ kwan?

Nnipa pii ho tɔ wɔn fi megaloblastic anemia mu bere a wɔanom vitamin a wɔde ma akyi no. Wo duruyɛfo bɛhwɛ wo vitamin dodow bere ne bere mu ahwɛ ahu sɛ worenya vitamin B12 ne vitamin B9 a ɛdɔɔso. Sɛ nhwɛso no, ebia wobɛyɛ mogya mu nhwehwɛmu wɔ adapɛn kakraa bi akyi bere a woafi ayaresa ase de ahwɛ sɛ ebia nnuru a wɔde ka wo ho no ama wo vitamin B12 ne/anaasɛ B9 dodow akɔ soro anaa.

Mɛyɛ dɛn ahwɛ me ho?

Wubetumi ahwɛ wo ho wɔ saa kwan yi so:

• Fa vitamin a wɔde ma no sɛnea wo duruyɛfo akyerɛ wo no pɛpɛɛpɛ.
• Nya adidi ho su pa na ama woahwɛ ahu sɛ wubenya vitamin B12 ne vitamin B9 a ɛdɔɔso.
• Hwɛ w’akwahosan na kɔ oduruyɛfo nkyɛn sɛ wote nka sɛ worenya mogya a ɛtɔ kɔ nipadua mu ho sɛnkyerɛnne bio a.

Ma ɛntra w’adwenem sɛ, sɛ wowɔ megaloblastic anemia a, ɛkyerɛ sɛ wunnya vitamin B12 ne/anaasɛ vitamin B9 a ɛdɔɔso. Saa vitamin ahorow yi boa wo nipadua no ma ɛyɛ mogya mu nkwammoaa kɔkɔɔ a ɛte apɔw. Mogya mu nkwammoaa kɔkɔɔ a ɛte apɔw yɛ adwuma a ɛho hia a ɛne sɛ ɛde mframa pa bɛkɔ wo nipadua nyinaa mu. Nea eye ne sɛ, nnuruyɛfo betumi asiesie saa sintɔ yi denam nnuru a wɔde ma wo a ɛbɛma wo vitamin B12 ne vitamin B9 dodow akɔ soro no so. Wubetumi nso adi aduan a vitamin pii wom na woabisa wo duruyɛfo akwan a wobɛfa so ahwɛ ahu sɛ worenya vitamin B12 ne vitamin B9 a ɛdɔɔso.

Nsɛm a Wɔaboaboa Ano (Nkrasɛm a Wɔde Kɔ Fie) .

Okay, enti momma yɛnsan nsusuw nea yɛkaa ho asɛm nnɛ no ho. Megaloblastic anemia yɛ tebea a ɛma mogya mu nkwammoaa kɔkɔɔ akɛse a ɛnyɛ ne kwan so ba nnompe mu bere a nipadua no nni vitamin B12 anaa vitamin B9 (folate) no.

• Nsɛnkyerɛnne titiriw ne ɔbrɛ a ɛtra so, mmerɛwyɛ, honam ani a ɛyɛ fitaa, ne ahome a ɛyɛ den. B12 a enni nipadua no mu nso betumi aka ntini ahorow no.
• Nea ɛde ba ne vitamin ahorow yi a wonnya mfi aduan mu sɛnea ɛsɛ, anaasɛ aduruyɛ mu tebea bi a ɛmma nipadua no ntumi nnye.
• Wɔnam mogya mu nhwehwɛmu so hu , titiriw nea ɛte sɛ CBC ne Peripheral Blood Smear.
• Nea ɛka ayaresa ho ne vitamin B12 ne folic acid a wɔde ma, a ebia ebehia sɛ nnipa binom nom bere tenten.
• Ɔkwan a eye sen biara a wobɛfa so asiw ano na woadi ho dwuma ne sɛ wubedi aduan a ɛkari pɛ a vitamin B12 ne B9 pii wom, atew nsa ano, na woasa tebea horow a ɛde ba no yiye.

Enti, sɛ wowɔ saa sɛnkyerɛnne ahorow yi a, nyansa wom sɛ wobɛhwehwɛ aduruyɛfo afotu ntɛm ara sɛnea wubetumi. Efisɛ sɛ wohu ntɛm a, ɛnyɛ den sɛ wɔbɛsa yare na ne ho bɛtɔ no ntɛmntɛm.