So wunim ‘asraafo’ a wɔwɔ wo mogya mu no ho asɛm? (Lymphocytes) Momma yɛnka wɔn ho asɛm! - a ɛyɛ Nirogi Lanka

So woahwɛ wo mogya ho amanneɛbɔ, titiriw Full Blood Count (FBC) , na woahyɛ asɛmfua ‘Lymphocytes’ nsow pɛn? Ebia woahu agyan bi mpo a ɛkyerɛ soro anaa fam, a ɛkyerɛ sɛ bo a ɛsom no nni nea ɛfata no akyi. Eyi a wubehu no betumi ayɛ nea ɛhaw adwene kakra. Dɛn ne lymphocytes? Dɛn nti na ɛho hia wo nipadua saa? Mesrɛ wo, mma ɛnhaw wo; momma yɛnka biribiara ho asɛm tiawa na emu nna hɔ nnɛ wɔ Nirogi Lanka.

Dɛn ankasa ne Lymphocytes?

Lymphocytes yɛ mogya mu nkwammoaa fitaa bi a ɛwɔ wo mogya mu. Fa wo nipadua sɛ ɔman na susuw wo nipadua mu tumi a ɛko tia nyarewa ho sɛ ne ahobammɔ tumi. Lymphocytes ne asraafo a wɔatete wɔn yiye, a wɔyɛ atitiriw wɔ saa asraafo dɔm no mu. Wɔn adwuma titiriw ne sɛ wobehu na wɔako atia ahɔho a wɔtow hyɛ wɔn so—te sɛ mmoawa, mmoawa, ne mmoawa—na ama woabɔ wo ho ban afi nyarewa ho.

Saa lymphocyte asraafo yi ahorow atitiriw abien na ɛwɔ hɔ:

• T Lymphocytes (T nkwammoaa): Eyinom ne ahyɛde mpanyimfo. Wɔyɛ sɛnea nipadua no tumi ko tia nyarewa no yɛ adwuma na wɔhwehwɛ nkwammoaa a mmoawa anaa kokoram nkwammoaa ayɛ wɔn no tẽẽ na wɔsɛe wɔn.
• B Lymphocytes (B nkwammoaa): Eyinom ne wɔn a wɔyɛ akode titiriw. Wɔyɛ protein ahorow a wɔfrɛ no antibodies . Saa nnuru a ɛko tia nyarewa yi yɛ adwuma te sɛ aprɛm a wɔkyerɛ kwan pɛpɛɛpɛ a ɛbata ntuafo te sɛ mmoawa ne mmoawa ho, na ɛma wɔyɛ adwuma yiye.

Dwuma bɛn ankasa na lymphocytes di wɔ wo nipadua mu?

Wo lymphocytes adwuma titiriw ne sɛ ɛbɛyɛ wo nipadua no ahobammɔ tumi a wɔahyira so. Wɔkyinkyin wo nhyehyɛe no so bere nyinaa, na wɔko tia amannɔne ntuafo—a nyansahu frɛ wɔn antigens . Saa asiane ahorow a ebetumi aba yi bi ne mmoawa, mmoawa, ne kokoram nkwammoaa mpo.

Ebia nea ɛyɛ nwonwa sen biara ne sɛ lymphocytes wɔ nkae a ɛyɛ nwonwa . Sɛ wohyia obi pɔtee bi a ɔhyɛn wɔn mu pɛ a, wɔn werɛ mfi da. Susuw bere a wunyaa akokɔsrade bere a na woyɛ abofra no ho hwɛ; wo lymphocytes no ko tiaa saa akokɔsrade mmoawa no na wɔkoraa ho nsɛm a ɛkɔ akyiri so. Wɔfrɛ saa nkwammoaa titiriw yi sɛ nkae nkwammoaa . Sɛ saa mmoawa koro no ara bɔ mmɔden sɛ ɛbɛhyɛn wo nhyehyɛe no mu bio a, wo nkae nkwammoaa no hu no ntɛm ara sɛ ɔyɛ bɔne mpɛn pii, ɛbɔ wo nipadua no mu tumi a ɛko tia nyarewa no kɔkɔ, na ɛkanyan nipadua mu nkwammoaa a ɛko tia nyarewa a wɔde wɔn ani asi so no ntɛmntɛm de sɛe no ansa na atumi agye atom.

Ɔkwan bɛn so na T nkwammoaa ne B nkwammoaa bom yɛ adwuma?

T nkwammoaa ne B nkwammoaa te sɛ dwumadibea ahorow abien a ɛsono emu biara a wɔreyɛ adwuma de adu botae koro ho: wɔbɛbɔ wo ho ban. Wɔyɛ adwuma sɛ kuw a wɔyɛ biako kɛse.

T cells – Yɛn asraafoɔ mpanyimfo ne asraafoɔ titire!

T nkwammoaa na ɛsɛe nkwammoaa a wɔanya ɔyare no na ɛhyehyɛ nipadua no mu tumi a ɛko tia nyarewa no nyinaa. Wɔyɛ adwuma wɔ dwumadi titiriw bi mu:

• Cytotoxic T cells: Eyinom ne "special ops" a ɛwɔ wo nipadua mu ahoɔden a ɛko tia nyarewa no mu. Wohu nkwammoaa a ɔyare anaa kokoram wɔ, kyekyere wɔn, na wogyae enzyme ahorow ma ɛtow nkwammoaa no mu, na wɔsɛe ntuafo no fi mu yiye.
• T nkwammoaa a wɔboa: Sɛnea wɔn din kyerɛ no, wɔyɛ kuw no nhyehyɛe. Wɔma B nkwammoaa no kyerɛ sɛ wobefi ase ayɛ nnuru a ɛko tia nyarewa bere a wɔahu ahunahuna bi no na wɔma nkwammoaa afoforo a ɛko tia nyarewa no nso yɛ adwuma kɛse.
• T nkwammoaa a ɛhwɛ so: Eyinom ne wɔn a wɔma asomdwoe ba. Sɛ woyi ahunahuna bi fi hɔ wie a, wɔma nsɛnkyerɛnne bi ma de frɛ nipadua no mu tumi a ɛko tia nyarewa no, na ɛmma wo nipadua no mu tumi a ɛko tia nyarewa no nyɛ ade dodo na ɛntow hyɛ w’ankasa ntini a ɛte apɔw so wɔ akwanhyia mu.

B cells – Yɛn akode a ɛyɛ pɛpɛɛpɛ ayɛfo!

Wɔahyira B nkwammoaa so sɛ wɔnyɛ nnuru a ɛko tia nyarewa —akode titiriw a wɔayɛ sɛ wɔde besiw ahunahuna pɔtee bi ano. Wɔnam akwan abien so bua:

• Titiriw a nipadua no tumi ko tia nyarewa: Sɛ wohyia antigen bi nea edi kan a, wo B nkwammoaa no yɛ adwuma. Ebinom dannan wɔn ho yɛ nkae nkwammoaa, na afoforo nso dan plasma nkwammoaa, a ɛma nipadua no mu nkwammoaa pɔtee a ɛko tia nyarewa a ehia na ama saa ɔtamfo no ayɛ nea enni mu no pii. Saa adeyɛ yi betumi agye nna kakraa bi.
• Nkwammoaa a ɛko tia nyarewa a ɛto so abien: Sɛ ɔtamfo koro no ara tow hyɛ so bio a, wo nkae nkwammoaa no hu no ntɛm ara. Wɔkyekyɛ mu ntɛmntɛm na wɔdan wɔn ho yɛ plasma nkwammoaa, na ɛma nipadua no mu nkwammoaa a ɛko tia nyarewa pii ba wɔ bere tiaa bi mu de yi ɔyare mmoawa no fi hɔ ntɛmntɛm.

Ɔkwan bɛn so na wokyerɛ lymphocyte dodow ase wɔ mogya amanneɛbɔ bi so?

Lymphocytes dodow a eye wɔ wo mogya mu no betumi ayɛ soronko a egyina mfe a woadi, wo bɔbeasu, ne w’asetra kwan so, nanso gyinapɛn ahorow bi wɔ hɔ a wɔde kyerɛ yɛn kwan.

Mpɛn pii no, lymphocytes taa yɛ bɛyɛ 20% kosi 40% wɔ wo mogya mu nkwammoaa fitaa dodow nyinaa mu.

Sɛ wo lymphocyte dodow dɔɔso a, dɛn na ɛkyerɛ? (Nsu mu nkwammoaa a ɛma mogya tu) .

Wɔ aduruyɛ mu no, sɛ obi a mogya mu nkwammoaa dodow boro nea ɛfata so a, wɔfrɛ no lymphocytosis . Yɛsrɛ sɛ sɛ wuhu eyi wɔ amanneɛbɔ bi so a, mma wo ho nnpopo; most of the time , dodow a ɛkɔ soro no yɛ sɛnkyerɛnne pa ara kwa a ɛkyerɛ sɛ wo nipadua mu ahoɔden a ɛko tia nyarewa no reyɛ adwuma yiye de ako atia ɔyare mmoawa a ɛyɛ nnam.

Nanso, aduruyɛ mu tebea horow bi wɔ hɔ a emu yɛ den kɛse a ebetumi ama saa dodow yi akɔ soro, na ɛno nti na wo duruyɛfo no bɛhwɛ nea ebefi mu aba no mu wɔ w’akwahosan nyinaa mu no. Sɛ wote nka sɛ wo ho nyɛ wo den anaasɛ wowɔ nsɛm bi a ɛhaw wo a, yɛsrɛ wo kɔ wo mpɔtam hɔ ayaresabea anaa ayaresabea, na sɛ ɛba sɛ ayaresa mu tebea bi si ntɛm a, frɛ 911 anaa wo mpɔtam hɔ adwumayɛbea a ɛhwɛ ntɛmpɛ so ntɛm ara.

• Nyarewa a efi mmoawa mu te sɛ Hepatitis
• Syphilis a ɛyɛ yare
• Mononucleosis a ɛwɔ nipadua no mu
• Nsanyare a ɛma obi nya nsamanwaw
• HIV ne AIDS
• Thyroid ntini a ɛnyɛ adwuma (Hypothyroidism) .
• Nyarewa te sɛ Pertussis (Ɔfe a ɛyɛ hu) .
• Mogya mu kokoram te sɛ Lymphoma anaa Leukemia

Dɛn ne Lymphocytopenia?

Sɛ mogya mu nkwammoaa dodow a ɛwɔ wo mogya mu no so tew sen nea ɛfata a, wɔfrɛ no wɔ aduruyɛ mu sɛ Lymphocytopenia . Bere a ɛtɔ mmere bi a eyi betumi aba esiane nyarewa nketenkete a ɛtaa ba te sɛ atiridiinini anaa atiridiinini nti no, ebetumi nso ayɛ akwahosan tebea horow a emu yɛ den kɛse a ɛhyɛ ase ho sɛnkyerɛnne.

• HIV anaa AIDS
• Nsamanwaw anaa Typhoid atiridiinini
• Mpɔtorɔ mu yare a ɔyare mmoawa de ba
• Nyarewa a nipadua no tumi ko tia nyarewa te sɛ Lupus
• Radiation therapy anaa Chemotherapy a wɔde sa kokoram
• Awosu mu tebea horow a ɛntaa nsi, a wonya fi awo mu

So nsakrae a ɛba lymphocyte dodow mu no de sɛnkyerɛnne pɔtee bi ba?

Ɛho hia sɛ yɛte ase sɛ lymphocyte dodow a ɛkɔ soro anaasɛ ɛba fam nyɛ yare ankasa na ɛnyɛ nea ɛde sɛnkyerɛnne ahorow ba ankasa . Nsɛnkyerɛnne biara a wubehu no fi nea ɛde ba no mu . Sɛ nhwɛso no, sɛ wo dodow asesa esiane ɔyare mmoawa anaa kokoram a emu yɛ den nti a, ebia wubehu sɛnkyerɛnne ahorow a ɛfa saa tebea pɔtee no ho.