Wususuw sɛ w’amemene yɛ ade koro bere nyinaa na ɛnsakra? Ɛnyɛ saa. Yɛn amemene yɛ akwaa a ɛyɛ nwonwa a ɛsakra bere nyinaa wɔ yɛn asetra nyinaa mu, ɛsakra bere a yesua nneɛma foforo no, na ɛde osuahu nya ahoɔden. Saa tumi a ɛyɛ nwonwa a amemene no wɔ sɛ ɛsakra na ɛsakra ne ho wɔ saa kwan yi so yi ne nea yɛfrɛ no
neuroplasticity wɔ nnuruyɛ mu. Sɛ yɛbɛka no tiawa a, sɛ wusua biribi foforo, wode ahokokwaw foforo bi di dwuma, anaa wunya nkate a emu dɔ te sɛ awerɛhow anaa ahodwiriw a, w’amemene no sesa sɛnea ɛfata. Wɔfrɛ adwinnade a ɛboa ma eyi ba no neuroplasticity.
Ɔkwan bɛn so na neuroplasticity ka yɛn asetra?
Fa no sɛ obi ntumi nkasa esiane tebea bi te sɛ obubuafo anaa akisikuru nti. Nanso bere kɔ so no, amemene no fã foforo a ɛnsɛee no gye ɔkasa dwumadi. Nkakrankakra, sɛ wɔsan siesie onipa no a, obetumi de amemene no fã foforo akasa bio. Eyi yɛ neuroplasticity ho nhwɛso a edi mũ. Saa ara nso na obi a ɔte asɛm no betumi anya aniwa anaa ɔte hua a ano yɛ nnam yiye. Nea enti a ɛte saa ne sɛ amemene no ma nkate afoforo dwumadi yɛ kɛse de tua adehwere no so ka. Osuahu biara a yɛwɔ, nkitahodi biara a yɛwɔ no ma wɔsan kyekye ntini ahorow a ɛda yɛn amemene mu ntam no na wɔsan hyehyɛ no foforo.
Oduruyɛfo Rudy Tansey, Center for Brain Health a ɛwɔ Massachusetts General Hospital no kwankyerɛfo ka sɛ: "Eyi rekɔ so bere nyinaa. Ɛrekɔ so wɔ osuahu biara a woanya mu, bere mpo a woda dae. Woresan asiesie ntini ɔpepepem 100 a ɛwɔ w'amemene mu no bere nyinaa, ne nkitahodi (synapses) ɔpepepem pii a ɛda wɔn ntam no."
Mfiase no, sɛ amemene no dan kɔ biribi foforo mu a, ne dwumadi nkutoo na ɛsakra. Yɛfrɛ eyi
Functional Plasticity . Nanso sɛ woyɛ ade koro no ara mpɛn pii a, amemene no honam fam nhyehyɛe fi ase sesa. Yɛfrɛ eyi
Structural Plasticity . Fa no sɛ worebɔ mmɔden sɛ wobɛma wo batting gyinabea atu mpɔn bere a worebɔ kriket no. Wowɔ nsa abien no nyinaa, nanso seesei wode redi dwuma wɔ ɔkwan foforo a eye sen biara so. Bere koro no ara mu no, ntini a ɛwɔ w’amemene mu a ɛne saa adeyɛ no wɔ abusuabɔ no fi ase tow tuo bom wɔ akwan foforo so. Bere a wokɔ so de di dwuma no, nkitahodi foforo a emu yɛ den (synapses) ba saa ntini ahorow no ntam. Eyi ne nea adesua yɛ.
Akwan titiriw a neuroplasticity fa so yɛ adwuma no bi
Akwan ahorow pii wɔ hɔ a amemene no fa so sesa wɔ adwene a ɛne sɛ neuroplasticity no mu. Ma yɛnhwɛ emu kakraa bi.
- Ntini mu nkwammoaa foforo a wɔhyehyɛ (Neurogenesis):Ɔpanyin amemene no yɛ ntini foforo kakraa bi koraa sen abofra, nanso abenfo gye di sɛ saa adeyɛ yi da so ara kɔ so wɔ hippocampus , amemene no fã bi a ɛho hia ma nneɛma te sɛ nkae ne adesua mu.
- Dendritic Branching: Sɛ ntini mu nkwammoaa sɛe a, ntini mu nkwammoaa a ɛte apɔw a ɛbɛn hɔ no nyin nkorabata foforo (dendrites) de boa ma wɔhyɛ ɔkwan a ɛda hɔ no mu ma. Eyi boa ma wɔsan yɛ adwuma wɔ beae a asɛe no.
- Synaptogenesis: Sɛ wɔsan yɛ adeyɛ koro no ara a, ntini mu nkwammoaa a ɛne no hyia no bom tow gya, na bere kɔ so no, nkitahodi foforo (synapses) ba wɔn ntam. Eyi si ntɛmntɛm paa wɔ mmofraase.
- Synaptic Strengthening: Bere a wokɔ so sua biribi foforo no, ntini mu nkitahodi (synapses) a ɛbata ho no mu yɛ den. Eyi ma nkitahodi a ɛda ntini ahorow ntam no yɛ adwuma yiye.
- Synaptic Pruning: Fa no sɛ woamfa biribi a woasua anni dwuma. Afei ntini mu nkitahodi ahorow a wɔhyehyɛɛ a ɛfa ho no betumi ayɛ mmerɛw na ayera. Eyi nyɛ ade bɔne ankasa. Ɛte sɛ amemene no "ahotew" ne ho denam nneɛma a ɛho nhia a eyi fi hɔ no so. Eyi ma amemene no yɛ adwuma yiye.
Nnyinasosɛm a Ɛfa Neuroplasticity Ho: Ɔkwan Bɛn so na Wɔtete Amemene no?
Sɛ yɛn amemene sakra esiane osuahu ahorow a yenya nti a, so yebetumi ama saa adeyɛ yi anya nkɔso denam osuahu ahorow a mfaso wɔ so kɛse a yɛbɛma amemene no anya so? So yebetumi de saa nimdeɛ yi aboa amemene no ma ne ho atɔ no afi ɔsɛe foforo mu? Aane. Nhwehwɛmufo Jeffrey A. Kleim ne Theresa A. Jones gyinaa saa nsusuwii ahorow yi so de nnyinasosɛm ahorow 10 a ɛfa neuroplasticity ho bae. Wɔkyerɛkyerɛ sɛnea adesua boa amemene no ma ɛsa fi ɔsɛe mu.
| Nnyinasosɛm | Dɛn na eyi kyerɛ? |
|---|
| Fa di dwuma anaasɛ Fa di dwuma | Sɛ woankɔ so amfa ahokokwaw bi anni dwuma a, amemene mu nkitahodi a ɛbata ho no yɛ mmerɛw na ɛyera. |
| Fa di dwuma na Ma no Ntu mpɔn | Bere a wokɔ so sua ahokokwaw bi no, amemene mu nkitahodi a ɛbata ho no mu yɛ den. |
| Nsɛm pɔtee bi | Ɛsɛ sɛ wode ahokokwaw a wopɛ sɛ wutu mpɔn no yɛ adwuma titiriw. Sɛ nhwɛso no, sɛnea ɛbɛyɛ a wobɛkari pɛ no, ɛsɛ sɛ woyɛ apɔw-mu-teɛteɛ titiriw sɛnea ɛbɛyɛ a wobɛkari pɛ. |
| Nsɛm a Wɔsan Ka no Ho Hia | Sɛnea ɛbɛyɛ na nsakrae a ɛtra hɔ daa aba amemene no mu no, ɛsɛ sɛ wɔtete ahokokwaw foforo mpɛn pii. |
| Ahoɔden a Ɛho Hia | Dodow a wotete wo ho denneennen (bere tenten, a wode w’adwene si biribi so kɛse) no, dodow no ara na ɛda adi sɛ nsakrae bɛba amemene no mu wɔ nhyehyɛe mu. |
| Bere Ho Hia | Bere a amemene no asɛe akyi no, dodow a wofi ase siesie no ntɛm no, dodow no ara na nea efi mu ba no ye. |
| Nneɛma a Ɛho Hia | Amemene no te ase yiye bere a wusua biribi a w’ankasa ho hia na w’ani gye ho no. |
| Mfe a Mfe Adi Ho Hia | Ɛwom sɛ amemene no sesa bere a yɛrenyin no de, nanso ɛnsakra ntɛmntɛm anaasɛ ɛnsakra kɛse te sɛ bere a na yɛyɛ mmofra no. |
| Nneɛma a wɔde kɔ baabi foforo | Ahokokwaw biako a wubenya no boa ma wonya ahokokwaw afoforo a ɛte saa ara. |
| Ntwitwiridii | Ɛtɔ da bi a, biribi foforo a wubesua no betumi asiw wo kwan sɛ wubesua biribi akyiri yi (titiriw sɛ wusuaa ade a edi kan no wɔ ɔkwan a ɛnteɛ so a). |
Dɛn na yebetumi ayɛ na ama amemene no akwahosan ne neuroplasticity atu mpɔn?
Oduruyɛfo Tansy tu wɔn a wɔpɛ sɛ wɔma wɔn amemene yɛ yiye na wɔde tumi a wɔfrɛ no neuroplasticity yi di dwuma yiye no fo sɛ wonni "SHIELD" nhyehyɛe no akyi.
- S - Da: Nya nnɔnhwerew 7-8 nna pa anadwo biara. Dae ho hia na ama nkae ayɛ den na ayi awuduru a wɔmpɛ afi amemene no mu (e.g. ntini a ebetumi ama obi anya adwenemhaw).
- H - Di Adwennwen ho dwuma : Hwehwɛ ɔkwan a wobɛfa so adi w’adwennwen ho dwuma. Ebetumi ayɛ adwennwen, apɔw-mu-teɛteɛ, anigyede bi, anaa nhoma bi akenkan. Adwennwen a ɛkyɛ betumi ama amemene no ayɛ hyew .
- I - ne afoforo di nkitaho: Kura asetena mu abusuabɔ a emu yɛ den, te sɛ nkɔmmɔbɔ ne fekubɔ a wo ne nnamfo pa ne abusuafo bɔ. Eyi bɔ amemene no akwahosan ho ban .
- E - Apɔw-mu-teɛteɛ: Anyɛ yiye koraa no, fa wo ho hyɛ simma 150 apɔw-mu-teɛteɛ a ɛkɔ fam kosi ahoɔden mu dapɛn biara (nnafua 5, simma 30 da biara). Apɔw-mu-teɛteɛ kanyan ntini mu nkwammoaa foforo nyin.
- L - Sua nneɛma foforo: Sua na fa nneɛma foforo di dwuma, ahokokwaw foforo, a ɛsɔ wo mpoa. Eyi hyɛ synapses a ɛwɔ w’amemene mu no den.
- D - Aduan : Aduan a nhabannuru, nnuaba, atoko, aburow a wɔayam , srade a ahoɔden wom , ne nam kɔkɔɔ kakraa bi wom (e.g., Mediterranea aduan) so wɔ mfaso kɛse ma amemene no.
Oduruyɛfo Tansey ka sɛ: “Anidaso no ne sɛ wɔbɛtew amemene no mu ɔfe so na wɔama ntini mu ntini mu yare ayɛ kɛse.”
Neuroplasticity kɔ soro wɔ amemene mu opira a ɛyɛ hu anaa ɔyare a ɛma obi hwe ase akyi de boa ma ne ho tɔ no. Sɛ nhwɛso no, saa tumi yi yɛ nea ɛsen biara wɔ asram abien kosi abiɛsa a edi kan wɔ akisikuru akyi. Enti, ɛho hia yiye sɛ wonya ayaresa a ɛfata a wɔde bɛsan asiesie wɔn ho wɔ saa bere yi mu. Wo ne wo duruyɛfo nka eyi ho asɛm na nya akwankyerɛ a ɛfata.
Nkrasɛm a Wɔde Kɔ Fie
- Neuroplasticity yɛ tumi a ɛyɛ nwonwa a yɛn amemene no tumi sesa, sua ade, na ɛyɛ nsakrae wɔ nkwa nna nyinaa mu.
- Saa tumi yi ne nea ɛma yetumi sua nneɛma foforo na yɛsan nya ahoɔden kodu baabi fi amemene a asɛe (e.g. stroke).
- Sɛ yɛde biribi di dwuma mpɛn pii a, nsakrae a ɛba amemene no dwumadi mu no bɛyɛ nsakrae a ɛtra hɔ daa wɔ ne nhyehyɛe mu bere a bere kɔ so no.
- Wo nso wubetumi ama w’amemene no ntini mu ntini a ɛyɛ adwuma no atu mpɔn denam nna a wubenya, adwennwen a wubedi so , apɔw-mu-teɛteɛ a wobɛyɛ daa, nneɛma foforo a wubesua, ne aduan pa a wubedi so.
- Sɛ wo anaa obi a wunim no wɔ yare bi a ɛfa amemene ho a, ɛho hia yiye sɛ wo ne wo duruyɛfo kasa fa ho bere nyinaa na wunya afotu a ɛfata.
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