So wunim sɛnea mframa a wɔsɛe no ka mmofra a wɔwɔ ayamtu? Momma yɛnka eyi ho asɛm!

Sɛ wo ba no wɔ ayamtu a, ebia wunim dedaw sɛ nneɛma bi betumi akanyan no. Ebetumi ayɛ awɔw bere, afieboa a ɛyɛ mmerɛw, anaa wusiw. Nanso so wunim sɛ mframa a ɛnyɛ papa nso betumi ayɛ ade titiriw a ɛma wo ba no nya ayamtu? Enti ɛho hia sɛ wuhu sɛnea wobɛhwɛ wo ho wɔ mmere te sɛ eyinom mu.

Ɔkwan bɛn so na nneɛma a epira a ɛwɔ mframa mu yi ka ayamtu?

Sɛ yɛbɛka no tiawa a, sɛ nneɛma a epira yi a ɛwɔ mframa mu, i.e. nneɛma te sɛ mfutuma ne wusiw, hyɛn yɛn mma mframa kwan mu a , ɛyɛ adwuma te sɛ nneɛma afoforo a ɛkanyan ayamtu no ara pɛ. Wɔma mframa kwan no yɛ mmerɛw kɛse, ɛho ahonhon, na ɛyɛ mmerɛw. Eyi ne bere a ɛyɛ den ma abofra no sɛ ɔbɛhome na ɔte nka sɛ wɔn moma so ayɛ mmerɛw.

Susuw ho saa kwan yi so. Yɛn mframa kwan no te sɛ nhama nketewa. Sɛ efĩ ne mfutuma kɔ nsukorade yi mu a, dɛn na ɛba? Nsukorabea no siw na mframa a ɛsen no so tew, ɛnte saa? Saa na ɛba abofra a ɔwɔ ayamtu esiane mframa a wɔsɛe no nti no mframa kwan so .

Ɛnyɛ ɛno nko, esiane nneɛma a epira a ɛwɔ mframa yi mu nti, mmofra nso taa nya ɔhome a ɛwɔ soro no mu nyarewa te sɛ atiridii ne atiridiinini. Wunim, sɛ wunya yare bi a ɛte sɛɛ a, wo ayamtu tebea no betumi asɛe kɛse. Mmofra binom ho yɛ wɔn hyew wɔ nneɛma te sɛ pollen a ɛwɔ mframa mu (Allergens) ho. Wɔ nnipa a wɔte saa fam no, sɛ mframa no ho gu fĩ a, wɔn ahurututu mu yɛ den kɛse wɔ saa nneɛma a ɛma wɔn ho yɛ wɔn yaw no ho.

Dɛn ne efĩ yi a ɛma ɛyɛ den sɛ ɔbɛhome?

Ma yɛnhwɛ nneɛma atitiriw a ɛwɔ mframa mu a ɛrehaw yɛn mma ahome.

Momma yensua ozone mframa ho ade pɛpɛɛpɛ.

So woate ozone a ɛwɔ nipadua no mu no ho asɛm? Ɛkorɔn sen asase, na ɛbɔ yɛn ho ban fi owia hann a epira ho. Nanso ozone foforo bi wɔ hɔ, ozone a ɛwɔ fam, wɔ mframa a yɛhome no mu. Oyi nyɛ papa mma yɛn ahurututu saa.

Ozone a ɛwɔ asase so no ba bere a nnuru a efi kar, adwumayɛbea akɛse, ne anyinam ahoɔden mfiri mu ba ne owia hann bom no. Ebia woahyɛ no nsow sɛ nna bi, titiriw wɔ nkurow akɛse mu no, ahum a ɛyɛ kɔkɔɔ-biribiri (Smog) ba wim. Eyi ne ade titiriw a ɛka eyi ho. Wɔfrɛ eyi ozone efĩ. Eyi da adi titiriw wɔ nna a ɛhɔ yɛ hyew, anaa wɔ ɔman no mmeae a ɛhɔ yɛ hyew.

Nkɛntɛnso a Efĩ a Ɛyɛ Nneɛma nketenkete Nya

Ade foforo a ɛyɛ hu ne nneɛma nketenkete a ɛsensɛn mframa mu (Particle Pollution). Eyinom yɛ nneɛma nketenkete paa te sɛ mfutuma, efĩ, wusiw, ne nsu a ɛyɛ fĩ. Ɛtɔ mmere bi a, saa nneɛma nketenkete yi nso boaboa ano wɔ mframa mu esiane ogya a ɛtɔ wuram nti.

Saa nneɛma nketenkete yi sua araa ma etumi de yɛn home kɔ yɛn ahurututu mu tɔnn.Esiane sɛ nneɛma nketenkete no sua nti, ɛda adi sɛ ɛbɛkɔ ahurututu no mu tɔnn na ama ahome ayɛ den. Te sɛ nsɔe nketewa no, ɛsɛe ɔhome akwaa no .

Mframa Afoforo a Ɛde Efĩ Ba

Nea ɛka ho no, sɛ wɔhyew pɛtro ahorow ahorow (sɛ nhwɛso no, wɔ kar engine mu, adwumayɛbea ahorow mu) a, wɔde mframa afoforo a epira ka mframa no ho. Wɔn mu bi ne `(Carbon Monoxide)`, `(Nitrogen Dioxide)` ne `(Sulfur Dioxide)` ne nea ɛho hia titiriw. Sɛ mframa yi dɔɔso dodo a, ebetumi aka yɛn ahurututu no dwumadi tẽẽ.

Dɛn na metumi ayɛ de agye me ba afi eyi mu?

Seesei ebia woredwen ho sɛ, ‘Oo, enti mɛyɛ dɛn abɔ me ba ho ban afi saa nneɛma yi ho?’ Nha wo ho. Nneɛma pii wɔ hɔ a yebetumi ayɛ.

Hu Mframa Pa Ho Nhwehwɛmu (AQI) no bere nyinaa .

Sɛ wote beae a mframa pa nyɛ papa te sɛ mfutuma ne wusiw a, hwɛ sɛnea mframa a wɔsɛe no no te. Wubetumi ahu saa nsɛm yi wɔ da biara da wim tebea ho amanneɛbɔ mu (intanɛt so, wɔ atesɛm nkrataa mu). Wubetumi nso anya eyi ho nsɛm denam Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) a ɛwɔ United States no wɛbsaet a wobɛkɔ so, ``www.airnow.gov`` (wɔ Sri Lanka no, ɛtɔ mmere bi a ahyehyɛde ahorow te sɛ National Building Research Organization (NBRO) nso de mframa pa ho nsɛm ma, a wubetumi nso ahwɛ).

Wɔde EPA Mframa Pa Ho Nhwehwɛmu (AQI) na ɛsusuw eyi:

• Ozone a ɛwɔ asase so
• Saa nneɛma nketenkete no (Particle pollution) .
• Carbon monoxide a ɛyɛ hyew
• Sulfur dioxide a wɔde yɛ aduru
• Nitrogen dioxide dodow ahe na ɛwɔ mframa mu?

Saa AQI botae yi betumi asesa bere ne bere mu, da biara da, ne anɔpa kosi anwummere mpo. Wɔ nkuropɔn akɛseɛ mu no, saa AQI boɔ yi yɛ ahyɛdeɛ sɛ wɔbɔ ɔmanfoɔ amanneɛ dabiara. Nanso wɔ mmeae nketewa paa mpo no, akwan bi wɔ hɔ a wobɛfa so ahu saa nsɛm yi. Saa AQI yi wɔ nhyehyɛe bi a wɔde kɔla ahyɛ mu a ɛkyerɛ sɛ ebia mframa no su yɛ asiane anaa:

• Sɛ ɛyɛ ahabammono anaa kɔkɔɔ a , tebea no ye, a ɛkyerɛ sɛ ɔhaw kɛse biara nni hɔ.
• Sɛ ɛyɛ borɔdɔma, kɔkɔɔ, kɔkɔɔ, anaa maroon , a, ɛkyerɛ sɛ ɛsɛ sɛ nnipa a wɔwɔ ayamtu no to abɔnten so sɛnea wobetumi biara.

Mmeae pii nso di kan ma da a edi hɔ no AQI bo, enti wubetumi ayɛ wo da no ho nhyehyɛe sɛnea ɛfata. Fa no sɛ, anɔpa yi na worekenkan atesɛm krataa no na wuhu sɛ AQI no yɛ kɔkɔɔ. Ɛno kyerɛ sɛ nnɛyi mframa nyɛ papa mma nnipa a wɔwɔ ayamtu. Afei, sɛ́ anka wode wo ba bɛkɔ agoprama awiabere no, wubetumi adi agoru kakra wɔ fie anaasɛ wode wɔn ho ahyɛ dan mu dwumadi foforo bi mu.

Afotu afoforo bi a ɛho hia

Sɔ nneɛma yi hwɛ nna a mframa nyɛ papa mu:

• Sɛ ɛbɛyɛ yiye a, .Ma mframa a wɔde yɛ adwuma no nhyɛ fie na to wo ba no abɔnten dwumadi ano hye.
• Sɛ ɛsɛ sɛ woyɛ biribi wɔ abɔnten a, yɛ nhyehyɛe sɛ wobɛyɛ no anɔpa. Mpɛn pii no, mframa no ye kakra anɔpa. Afei nso, kwati sɛ wode bere pii bɛtra mmeae a kar pii wɔ.
• Sɛ ɛsɛ sɛ wotra kar no mu kyɛ a, to mfɛnsere ne mframa a ɛkɔ mu no mu na dan mframa a wɔde yɛ adwuma no mmom.
• Sɛ wo ba di agumadi bi a ɛhwehwɛ sɛ ɔtete ne ho wɔ abɔnten bere a wim yɛ hyew a, wo ne ɔkyerɛkyerɛfo no nkasa na hwɛ sɛ obetumi de apɔw-mu-teɛteɛ wɔ dan mu a mframa pa wom anaa.
• Ɛho hia yiye sɛ wohwɛ hu sɛ wo ba no de aduru a ɛma obi ho tɔ no ntɛmntɛm (rescue inhaler) ka ne ho bere nyinaa. Eyi betumi ayɛ afiri a wɔde home a wɔde bedi dwuma wɔ tebea a egye ntɛmpɛ mu.
• Nyansa wom nso sɛ wobɛma mframa a ɛwɔ wo fie mu no atu mpɔn. Wubetumi de mframa a wɔde tew nneɛma ho adi dwuma de ayɛ eyi. Afei nso, ma mframa nkɔ wo fie na ama wusiw afi mfiri a wɔde yɛ gas mu. Tew nnua ne ogya a wɔde hyew nnua a wɔde di dwuma wɔ dan mu no so sɛnea wubetumi biara.
• Wo ne wo duruyɛfo nkasa mfa nkyerɛ sɛ ebia ɛsɛ sɛ wosakra wo ba no nnuru wɔ nna a mframa a wɔsɛe no kɛse wom no mu anaa. Kae sɛ nna bi wɔ hɔ a mfutuma pii wɔ mframa mu. Nna a ɛte sɛ eyinom mu no, wo ne wo duruyɛfo nkasa na ebia ma wo ba no nnuru nkɔ soro anaasɛ wobɛsesa. Wobetumi de nsakrae yi aka wo ba no ayamtu ho adeyɛ nhyehyɛe no ho.

Awiei koraa no, kae eyi...

Ebia afei woate ase sɛ sɛ wowɔ abofra a ɔwɔ ayamtu a, ɛsɛ sɛ wodwen mframa a wɔsɛe no nso ho kɛse.

Kae sɛ ɛnyɛ wo nko ara. Ade a ɛho hia sen biara ne sɛ wubehu eyi na woatu anammɔn a ɛho hia.

• Hwɛ mframa pa (AQI) yiye bere nyinaa, titiriw nna a mfutuma ne wusiw dɔɔso wom no.
• Nna a mframa no ho agu fĩ no, bɔ mmɔden sɛ woremma wo ba no nkɔ fie sɛnea wubetumi biara. Bɔ mmɔden sɛ wobɛma mframa no ho atew bere mpo a wowɔ dan mu no.
• Hwɛ sɛ wo ba no de aduru a ɛma ahotɔ/gye ntɛm ka ne ho bere nyinaa sɛ biribi si ntɛm a.
• Wo ne wo duruyɛfo nka eyi ho asɛm na yɛ nsakrae biara a ɛho hia wɔ wo ba no ayamtu ho nhyehyɛe mu.

Sɛ wohwɛ saa nneɛma yi so a, wubetumi atew nkɛntɛnso a mframa a wɔsɛe no de ba wo ba so no so kɛse. Ɛbɛyɛ mmoa kɛse na ama wo ba no anya apɔwmuden!

` Akisikuru, Mframa a Ɛfĩ, Mmofra Akwahosan, Ɔhome mu Nyarewa, AQI, Akisikuru, Mframa a Ɛfĩ