So wo ba kumaa no taa nya atiridii na ne hwene siw? Anaasɛ w’awofo a wɔn mfe akɔ anim no kɔfe na ɛyɛ den sɛ wɔbɛhome? Ɛtɔ mmere bi a, saa tebea horow yi betumi ayɛ yare a emu yɛ den te sɛ ahurututu mu yare ho sɛnkyerɛnne. Nanso mma ɛnhaw wo, ɔkwan bi wɔ hɔ a etu mpɔn yiye a yɛbɛfa so abɔ yɛn mmofra nkumaa ne mpanyimfo ho ban afi nyarewa a ɛyɛ hu a ɛte saa ho. Ɛno ne pneumococcal vaccine no. Ɛnnɛ, yɛbɛka biribiara a ɛfa saa vaccine yi ho.
Dɛn ne Pneumococcal Vaccine no?
Sɛ yɛbɛka no tiawa a, eyi te sɛ kyɛm a ɛbɔ yɛn ho ban a wɔde hyɛ yɛn nipadua mu. Saa aduru yi bɔ yɛn ho ban fi nyarewa a mmoawa a wɔfrɛ wɔn Streptococcus pneumoniae de ba no ho. Saa mmoawa yi ne nea yɛfrɛ no ‘pneumococcus’ tiawa.
Saa ɔyare mmoawa yi betumi de ɔhome mu yare a emu yɛ den (ahome a ɛyɛ den) ne nsɛnnennen afoforo a emu yɛ den aba, titiriw wɔ mmofra nkumaa ne wɔn a wɔn mfe akɔ anim mu. Eyi ne nea yɛde saa vaccine yi di dwuma de bɔ yɛn ho ban fi ho.
Pneumococcal vaccines ahorow pii wɔ hɔ a wɔde di dwuma mprempren. Wɔfrɛ wɔn `conjugate vaccines`. Eyi kyerɛ sɛ wɔayɛ no sɛnea ɛbɛyɛ a ɛbɛkanyan yɛn nipadua no yiye ma atumi ako atia nyarewa (immunity). Ahorow atitiriw no ne:
- PCV13
- PCV15
- PCV20 na ɛwɔ hɔ
- PCV21
Nkontaabu a ɛwɔ din ahorow yi mu no kyerɛ ahurututu mu yare mmoawa ahorow dodow a vaccine no betumi adi so.
Bio nso, vaccine foforo dedaw bi wɔ hɔ a wɔfrɛ no `PPSV23`. Wɔtaa de eyi ma mmofra a wɔadi boro mfe 2, wɔn a wɔwɔ nyarewa bi a enni sabea, ne mpanyimfo a wɔanya PCV15 aduru no dedaw.
Dɛn ne nyarewa a ahurututu mu yare de ba?
Sɛ pneumococcus mmoawa no hyɛn yɛn nipadua mu a, ebetumi de nyarewa ahorow a ɛyɛ hu aba. Ebia nnipa binom benya saa mmoawa yi wɔ wɔn menewam a wonni sɛnkyerɛnne biara. Nanso, saa nkurɔfo no mpo betumi atrɛw akɔ afoforo mu denam nsu nketenkete a ɛba bere a wɔhome, wɔfefe, anaa wɔfefe no so.
Saa vaccine yi bɔ yɛn ho ban fi nyarewa a emu yɛ den te sɛ:
| Yareɛ | Nkyerɛkyerɛmu a ɛnyɛ den |
|---|---|
| Mmoawa a Ɛma Meningitis | Nyarewa a ɛba ntini a atwa amemene ne akyi berɛmo ho ahyia no mu. Eyi betumi de nneɛma a anibere wom aba te sɛ nkae a wɔhwere, komayare, owu, anifurae, anaa obubuafo. |
| Ahurututu mu yare | Ahurututu mu ɔyare mmoawa. Eyi ma ɔfe, atiridii, na ɛyɛ den sɛ ɔbɛhome. |
| Mfinimfini aso mu yare (Otitis Media) . | Nsɛnkyerɛnne no bi ne aso mu yaw, ahonhon, nna a wontumi nna, atiridiinini, ne, wɔ mmofra nkumaa fam no, wɔtaa su. |
| Mmoawa a wɔde nyarewa ba | Tebea a asiane wom a mmoawa hyɛn mogya mu na ɛtrɛw kɔ nipadua no mu nyinaa. |
| Sinus Nyarewa a Ɛba | Nyarewa a ɛbata anim a ɛyɛ mmerɛw (sinus) ho. |
Fa no sɛ, ansa na wɔde saa aduru yi reba no, mmofra dodow bi a wonnii mfe 5 wuwui wɔ ahurututu mu yare mu wɔ wiase nyinaa. Nanso bere a wɔde saa aduru yi bae wɔ afe 2000 mu akyi no, yare yi a abu so wɔ mmofra ne mpanyimfo mu no so tew kɛse.
So saa nnuru a wɔde bɔ nkurɔfo ho ban yi yɛ nea asiane biara nni ho ankasa? So nsunsuanso bɔne bi wɔ hɔ?
Yiw, koraa. PCV ne PPSV nnuru a wɔde bɔ nkurɔfo ho ban nyinaa yɛ nea asiane biara nni ho kɛse . Sɛnea ɛte wɔ aduru biara ho no, hokwan ketewaa bi wɔ hɔ sɛ obi benya akisikuru, nanso asiane a ɛwɔ hɔ sɛ obepira kɛse anaa obewu no sua koraa.
Eyinom ne nsunsuanso nketenkete a wɔtaa hu :
- Wɔ mmofra nkumaa fam (wɔ PCV vaccination akyi):
- Kɔkɔɔ, ɛyaw kakra, anaasɛ ɛho ahonhon wɔ baabi a wɔde aduru no guu no.
- Atiridii a ɛba fam (bɛyɛ mmofra baasa biara mu biako).
- Atiridiinini a emu nyɛ den (bɛyɛ mmofra 50 biara mu biako).
- Ɛtɔ mmere bi a, aduan ho akɔnnɔ a ɛyera, ɔtaa su, anaa ɔda.
- Wɔ mpanyimfo fam (wɔ PPSV vaccination akyi):
- Kɔkɔɔ anaa ɛyaw a ɛba baabi a wɔde aduru no guu no (bɛyɛ nnipa 2 biara mu 1).
- Annu 1% na wonya nneɛma te sɛ atiridii anaa ntini mu yaw.
Nea ɛho hia ne sɛ saa nsunsuanso bɔne yi mu dodow no ara yɛ nketenkete koraa na ɛkɔ koraa wɔ nna abien ntam.
Henanom na ɛsɛ sɛ wonya saa vaccine yi? Berɛ bɛn?
Afei momma yɛnhwɛ onii a wɔkamfo saa vaccine yi kyerɛ ne nhyehyɛe a ɛsɛ sɛ wɔde ma.
Wɔ nkokoaa ne mmofra nkumaa fam
Wɔhyɛ nyansa sɛ nkokoaa a wonnii mfe 2 nyinaa nnya nnuru a wɔde bɔ wɔn ho ban no dodow 4, wɔ nhyehyɛe yi mu:
- Dose a edi kan: Wɔ asram 2 mu
- Dose a ɛto so abien: Wɔ asram 4 mu
- Dose a ɛto so abiɛsa: Wɔ asram 6 mu
- Booster dose: Wɔ asram 12-15 ntam
Sɛ biribi nti wɔantumi amfa vaccination no amma wɔ saa bere yi mu a, oduruyɛfo no de nhyehyɛe a ɛfata a egyina abofra no mfe so bɛma.
Wɔ mmofra a wɔadi mfe 2-18 fam
Mmofra a wɔanwie nnuru a wɔde bɔ nkurɔfo ho ban nnidiso nnidiso bere a na wɔyɛ mmofra anaasɛ wɔwɔ akwahosan tebea soronko te sɛ asaabo mu yare a enni sabea no nso betumi anya saa nnuru yi. Wo duruyɛfo na ɔbɛkyerɛ eyi ne nhyehyɛe a ɛfata sen biara.
Wɔ mpanyimfo fam
Ɔpanyin biara a ɔwɔ apɔwmuden a wadi boro mfe 50 betumi anya vaccine no wɔ akwan a edidi so yi mu biako so:
- PCV15 vaccine no dodow biako na afe biako akyi no, PPSV23 vaccine no dodow biako.
- PCV20 vaccine no dodow biako.
- PCV21 vaccine no dodow biako.
Wɔn a wɔwɔ asiane titiriw mu no fam
Wɔn a wɔadi mfeɛ 18-49, nanso wɔwɔ ayaresa tebea bi (e.g. asikreyareɛ, komayareɛ, ahurututu mu yareɛ, kokoram, HIV/AIDS) anaa ayaresa (e.g. steroids, chemotherapy) a ɛma nipadua no tumi a ɛko tia nyarewa no yɛ mmerɛ no nso bɛtumi anya vaccine no wɔ ɔkwan korɔ no ara so sɛdeɛ mpaninfoɔ a wɔwɔ atifi hɔ no nya no.
Ebia woresusuw sɛ, ‘Seesei madi mfe 50, mewɔ apɔwmuden, enti so mihia eyi?’ Nokwarem no, yiw. Nhwehwɛmu ada no adi sɛ mpanyimfo a wɔadi fi mfe 50 kosi 64 na wɔwɔ asiane a ɛto so abien a ɛsen biara sɛ wobenya saa yare yi.
Enti, sɛ woadi boro mfeɛ aduonum, anaasɛ wowɔ yareɛ a enni sabea te sɛ asikreyareɛ, komayareɛ, anaa ayamtuo a, ɛyɛ ahobanbɔ kɛseɛ sɛ wo ne wo duruyɛfoɔ bɛkasa na woanya saa vaccine yi. Efisɛ nnipa dodow a wowuwu wɔ mpanyimfo mu esiane yare yi nti no dɔɔso yiye.
Nkrasɛm a Wɔde Kɔ Fie
- Pneumococcal vaccine no yɛ kyɛm a ɛho hia yiye a ɛko tia nyarewa a ɛyɛ hu te sɛ ahurututu mu yare ne meningitis.
- Wɔkamfo saa vaccine yi kyerɛ mmofra nkumaa a wɔadi fi asram 2 kosi mfe 2 ne mpanyimfo a wɔadi boro mfe 50 nyinaa.
- Ɛho hia yiye sɛ obiara a wadi mfe biara a ɔwɔ tebea horow a enni sabea te sɛ asikreyare, komayare, ahurututu mu yare, asaabo mu yare, anaa kokoram nya saa aduru yi.
- Nsunsuanso bɔne dodow no ara a efi vaccine no mu ba no sua koraa na ɛkɔ da koro anaa nnanu ntam.
- Sɛ wo anaa wo ba no wɔ dadwen bi wɔ saa vaccine yi a wobenya ho a, hwɛ hu sɛ wo ne w’abusua oduruyɛfo bɛkasa.
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