Sɛ wotwa ketewaa bi a, mogya no gyae kɛkɛ wɔ bere bi akyi, ɛnte saa? Anaasɛ woahyɛ no nsow pɛn sɛ ɛtɔ mmere bi a wunya akuru bruu anaa kɔkɔɔ wɔ wo nipadua so a wommɔ biribiara? Ade titiriw nti a yɛyɛ saa nneɛma yi ne nkwammoaa nketenkete a wɔfrɛ no ‘ platelets ’ a ɛwɔ yɛn mogya mu no. Nanso sɛ aboafo yi dodow so tew a, dɛn na ɛba? Ɛno ne nea yɛfrɛ no Thrombocytopenia wɔ nnuruyɛ mu. Mma ɛnhaw wo, momma yɛnka eyi ho asɛm tiawa.
Sɛ yɛbɛka no tiawa a, dɛn ne Thrombocytopenia?
Thrombocytopenia yɛ tebea a ɛma mogya mu nkwammoaa a ɛwɔ wo mogya mu no sua sen sɛnea ɛte daa. Platelets yɛ nkwammoaa nketenkete , a ɛte sɛ diski wɔ yɛn mogya mu. Wɔn adwuma titiriw ne sɛ wɔbɛyɛ mogya a ɛtɔ wɔ baabi a kuru bi wɔ no na ama mogya atɔ. Ɛte sɛ nea worebɔ tokuru bi a ɛwɔ ɔfasu mu.
So woasusuw nea asɛmfua yi kyerɛ ho pɛn? “Thrombocytes” yɛ din foforo a wɔde frɛ mogya nkwammoaa. “Penia” kyerɛ sɛ wunnya biribi a ɛdɔɔso, nea ɛho nhia. Enti sɛ abien yi bom a, “Thrombocytopenia” ba.
Mpɛn pii no, ɛsɛ sɛ obi a ɔwɔ apɔwmuden nya mogya mu nkwammoaa a ɛyɛ mmerɛw 150,000 kosi 450,000 wɔ mogya microliter biara mu (mogya a ɛtɔ gu fam no mu bɛyɛ microliter 35). Sɛ dodow yi nnu 150,000 wɔ wo mogya ho amanneɛbɔ mu a, wobu no sɛ tebea a wɔfrɛ no thrombocytopenia.
So wowɔ sɛnkyerɛnne ahorow a ɛte sɛ eyinom?
Mpɛn pii no, mogya nkwammoaa a ɛso tew kakra no mfa sɛnkyerɛnne biara mma. Nanso, sɛ wo mogya nkwammoaa dodow so tew kɛse a, wubetumi anya saa sɛnkyerɛnne ahorow yi:
| Nsɛnkyerɛnne a ɛkyerɛ | Dɛn na ɛba wɔ saa asɛm no mu? |
|---|---|
| Mogya a ɛretu | Mogya betumi afi anom anaa hwene mu aba, titiriw bere a worehohoro wo sẽ no. Ebia mmea bɛkɔ brayɛ mu duru anaasɛ ɛbɛkyɛ. Ɛtɔ da bi a, mogya nso betumi akɔ nsuo anaa nsuo mu. |
| Akuru ne nsensanee | Bruu/purple bruises (te sɛ nea wɔabɔ) pue wɔ nipadua no so a ntease biara nnim. Wɔfrɛ eyinom Purpura wɔ aduruyɛ mu. Eyinom yɛ mogya a ɛba honam ani. |
| Nsonsonoe nketenkete kɔkɔɔ a ɛwɔ honam ani | Wotumi hu nsensanee kɔkɔɔ nketewa (nsonsonoe) a ne kɛse bɛyɛ sɛ kyerɛwdua ano wɔ honam ani, titiriw wɔ nan no so. Eyinom nso betumi aba akuwakuw. Nnuruyɛfo frɛ eyinom Petechiae . |
| Ɔbrɛ | Nkwammoaa mu nkwammoaa a ɛba fam nkutoo mma obi brɛ. Nanso, aduruyɛ mu tebea bi a ɛda adi (sɛ nhwɛso no, mogya a ɛtɔ kɔ nipadua mu) a ɛma mogya nkwammoaa a ɛba fam no betumi ama woate nka sɛ woabrɛ na woabrɛ. |
| Akisikuru a ɛyɛ kɛse | Akisikuru yɛ akwaa bi a ɛwɔ yɛn yafunu no benkum so atifi. Ɛtɔ mmere bi a, mogya nkwammoaa tumi kyere na ɛsɛe wɔ mu, na ɛno betumi ama mogya nkwammoaa dodow so atew. Afei akyi berɛmo no ho ahonhon. |
Dɛn nti na mogya nkwammoaa so tew saa? Dɛn na ɛde ba?
Nneɛma pii betumi ama wo mogya mu nkwammoaa a ɛba fam. Ɛntaa mma koraa sɛ ebetumi afi awosu mu. Nanso mpɛn pii no, aduruyɛ mu tebea foforo anaa aduru bi a worenom na ɛde ba. Sɛ yɛbɛka no tiawa a, nneɛma atitiriw abiɛsa na ɛde ba.
1. Efisɛ nipadua no ntumi nyɛ mogya nkwammoaa a ɛdɔɔso
Yɛn nnompe mu ntini ne adwumayɛbea a wɔyɛ mogya nkwammoaa yi. Sɛ saa adwumayɛbea no nneɛma a wɔyɛ no sɛe a, mogya mu nkwammoaa a ɛma mogya tu no so bɛtew.
- Kokoram tebea horow te sɛ mogya mu kokoram
- Mogya a ɛtɔ kɔ nipadua mu no ahorow bi
- Nyarewa a efi mmoawa mu , sɛ nhwɛso no dengue, hepatitis C , anaa HIV
- Nnuru anaa mframa a wɔde sa kokoram
- Nsã a wɔnom boro so
- Nneɛma a awuduru wom te sɛ nnuru a wɔde kum mmoawa ne arsenic a wɔnom
2. Efisɛ mogya nkwammoaa sɛe ntɛmntɛm sen sɛnea wɔyɛ no
Sɛ adwumayɛbea no yɛ adwuma yiye mpo a, sɛ ogya dan no sɛe ntɛmntɛm a, mogya mu nkwammoaa a ɛma mogya tu no bɛkɔ so ayɛ mmerɛw.
- Nyinsɛn (wɔ ebinom fam) .
- Nyarewa a nipadua no tumi ko tia nyarewa. Eyi ne bere a yɛn nipadua no ankasa nipadua mu tumi a ɛko tia nyarewa no di mfomso sɛe n’ankasa mogya mu nkwammoaa a ɛma mogya tu no. Sɛ nhwɛso no, lupus.
- Mmoawa anaa mmoawa bi a wɔde nyarewa ba
- Nnuru bi (e.g. Heparin) .
- Tebea horow a ɛntaa nsi te sɛ Thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (TTP) .
3. Efisɛ mogya nkwammoaa a ɛma mogya tu no kɔhyɛ akyi berɛmo no mu
Mpɛn pii no, wɔkora yɛn mogya nkwammoaa mu bɛyɛ nkyem abiɛsa mu biako wɔ akyi berɛmo no mu. Nanso, sɛ akyi berɛmo no mu yɛ kɛse esiane yare bi te sɛ mmerɛbo mu akisikuru nti a, mogya mu nkwammoaa pii bɛkyere mu, na ɛma mogya mu nkwammoaa a ɛkyinkyini mogya no mu no so tew.
Thrombocytopenia ahorow nso wɔ hɔ.
Wobetumi akyekyɛ thrombocytopenia mu ayɛ no ahorow atitiriw pii a egyina nea ɛde ba no so.
- Immune Thrombocytopenic Purpura (ITP): Eyi ne nea abu so sen biara. Nea ɛkɔ so wɔ ha ne sɛ yɛn nipadua mu tumi a ɛko tia nyarewa no sɛe yɛn ankasa mogya nkwammoaa a ɛma mogya tu esiane ɔhaw bi nti. Eyi betumi aba ahorow abien: ITP a emu yɛ den wɔ mmofra mu ne ITP a enni sabea wɔ mpanyimfo mu.
- Thrombotic Thrombocytopenic Purpura (TTP): Eyi yɛ tebea a ɛntaa nsi nanso ɛyɛ hu. Mogya nketenkete a ɛtɔ gu nipadua no mu nyinaa. Esiane sɛ wɔde mogya mu nkwammoaa a ɛdɔɔso dodo na ɛyɛ saa akisikuru yi nti, mogya mu nkwammoaa dodow a ɛwɔ mogya no mu no so tew.
- Nnuru a ɛma mogya tu (DIT): Saa tebea yi betumi aba sɛ nnuru bi a ɛde ba. Ɛtaa kɔ bere a wɔagyae aduru no.
- Gestational Thrombocytopenia: Tebea a ɛba bere a wɔyem, mpɛn pii no ɛnyɛ nea emu yɛ den. Ɛtaa siesie bere a wɔawo no akyi.
Wobɛyɛ dɛn ahu eyi, Oduruyɛfo?
Wɔtaa hu no wɔ akwanhyia mu bere a wɔreyɛ mogya mu nhwehwɛmu a wɔyɛ no daa (Full Blood Count – FBC) esiane biribi foforo nti. Sɛ wo duruyɛfo hu sɛ mogya nkwammoaa a ɛwɔ wo mogya mu no sua a, ɔbɛhyɛ sɛ wɔnyɛ nhwehwɛmu kakraa bi bio na wɔahu nea ɛde ba.
Kae sɛ, sɛ wo mogya mu nhwehwɛmu kyerɛ sɛ mogya nkwammoaa a ɛwɔ wo mogya mu no sua a, nea ehia sen biara ne sɛ woremmɔ hu na worenkɔ oduruyɛfo nkyɛn nkɔhwehwɛ afotu.
| Sɔhwɛ | Dɛn na wuhu wɔ saa asɛm no mu? |
|---|---|
| Mogya dodow a wɔkan no nyinaa (CBC/FBC) . | Wosusuw nkwammoaa kɔkɔɔ, nkwammoaa fitaa, ne mogya mu nkwammoaa dodow a ɛwɔ mogya no mu. |
| Mogya a Wɔde Hyɛ (Peripheral Smear) . | Wɔde afiri a wɔde hwɛ mogya mu nkwammoaa nketenkete no hwehwɛ mogya mu nkwammoaa no mu hwɛ sɛ ɛwɔ ne nsusuwii ne ne hwɛbea a ɛfata anaa. |
| Nnompe mu Ntini mu Nhwehwɛmu | Sɛ nea ɛde ba no mu nna hɔ a, wɔyɛ nhwehwɛmu yi de hwɛ sɛ nnompe mu ntini adwumayɛbea no reyɛ adwuma yiye anaa. |
Nea ɛka ho no, oduruyɛfo no betumi ahwehwɛ wo nipadua mu na wayɛ yafunu mu ultrasound scan de ahwɛ sɛ ebia akyi berɛmo anaa mmerɛbo mu haw bi ayɛ kɛse anaa.
So tebea yi betumi ayɛ aniberesɛm?
Wɔ nnipa dodow no ara fam no, eyi nyɛ ɔhaw kɛse. Nanso, sɛ mogya nkwammoaa dodow so tew sen 20,000 a, ebetumi ayɛ asiane. Nea enti a ɛte saa ne sɛ mogya betumi atu wɔ nipadua no mu, titiriw wɔ amemene no mu, a opira biara mpo. Eyi de nkwa to asiane mu.
Enti, sɛ wowɔ Thrombocytopenia a, ɛho hia yiye sɛ wudi wo duruyɛfo akwankyerɛ akyi pɛpɛɛpɛ na wokɔ ayaresabea ahorow no bere ano. Sɛ wohu sɛnkyerɛnne te sɛ tiyɛ a emu yɛ den, nsakrae a ɛba w’ani so, anaasɛ ɛyɛ den sɛ wobɛkasa a, ɛsɛ sɛ wokɔ ayaresabea a ɛbɛn wo no Dwumadibea a Ɛhwɛ Ntɛmntɛm (ETU) ntɛm ara efisɛ eyinom betumi ayɛ amemene mu mogya a ɛretu ho sɛnkyerɛnne.
Ɔkwan bɛn so na wɔsa?
Ayaresa no gyina nea ɛde wo mogya mu nkwammoaa a ɛba fam ne sɛnea wo mogya mu nkwammoaa dodow sua so.
- Nea ɛde ba no a wɔbɛsa: Sɛ nea ɛde mogya mu nkwammoaa a ɛba fam no ba ne aduru bi a, oduruyɛfo no begyae saa aduru no na wakyerɛw aduru foforo ama no. Sɛ ɛyɛ ɔyare mmoawa a, wɔbɛsa.
- Nnuru: Sɛ nipadua no mu tumi a ɛko tia nyarewa ho haw bi te sɛ ITP wɔ hɔ a, wɔde nnuru te sɛ steroid a wɔde ma no di nipadua no mu tumi a ɛko tia nyarewa no so.
- Mogya anaa mogya mu nkwammoaa a wɔde ma: Sɛ mogya mu nkwammoaa dodow sua koraa anaasɛ mogya tu kɛse a, wɔde mogya mu nkwammoaa kɔkɔɔ ma wɔ abɔnten (Platelet transfusion).
- Oprehyɛn: Sɛ ayaresa afoforo antumi anhyɛ tebea no so a, ebia ɛho behia sɛ wotwa akyi berɛmo no.
- Plasma Exchange: Wɔde saa ayaresa kwan yi di dwuma wɔ tebea horow te sɛ TTP mu.
Wobɛyɛ dɛn atumi ahwɛ wo ho?
Sɛ wo ne tebea yi te ase a, ɛho hia sɛ wotew asiane a ɛwɔ hɔ sɛ wubepira no so.
- Kwati dwumadi ahorow a asiane wom: Twe wo ho fi agodie a wɔde di nkitaho te sɛ akuturukubɔ, karate, ne rugby ho.
- Hwɛ yiye wɔ nnuru ho: Bisa wo duruyɛfo bere nyinaa ansa na wode nnuru a ɛma ɛyaw ano brɛ ase a ɛma mogya tu no yɛ kɛse te sɛ aspirin ne ibuprofen adi dwuma.
- To nsa ano: Nsã betumi atew mogya nkwammoaa a ɛba nnompe mu ntini mu no so, enti ɛbɛyɛ papa sɛ wobɛtew nsa a wonom so.
Nkrasɛm a Wɔde Kɔ Fie
- Thrombocytopenia yɛ mogya mu nkwammoaa a ɛwɔ mogya mu a ɛso tew. Eyi betumi ama asiane a ɛwɔ hɔ sɛ mogya bɛtɔ no ayɛ kɛse.
- Mpɛn pii no, yare no ho sɛnkyerɛnne biara nni hɔ. Nanso, hwɛ nneɛma te sɛ akuru a wontumi nkyerɛkyerɛ mu, mogya/hwene a ɛretu, ne nsensanee kɔkɔɔ a ɛwɔ honam ani.
- Nneɛma pii nti na tebea yi ba. Enti, mma wo ho nnpopo bere a wuhu mogya mu nkwammoaa a ɛba fam wɔ wo mogya ho amanneɛbɔ mu no, na mmom kɔ oduruyɛfo nkyɛn kɔhwehwɛ nea ɛde ba no.
- Ayaresa no gyina nea ɛde tebea no ba ne sɛnea emu yɛ den so. Ɛtɔ mmere bi a, ɛho nhia sɛ wɔyɛ ayaresa biara.
- Di wo duruyɛfo akwankyerɛ akyi pɛpɛɛpɛ. Sɛ wuhu kɔkɔbɔ nsɛnkyerɛnne te sɛ tiyɛ a emu yɛ den anaasɛ w’aniwa mu nsakrae a, kɔ ayaresabea ntɛm ara.
Thrombocytopenia, Nkwammoaa a ɛma mogya tu, mogya mu nkwammoaa a ɛba fam, Mogya a ɛtɔ, akisikuru, Purpura, Petechiae
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