Fa no sɛ, sɛ wudi kan hu sɛ akyinnye biara nni ho sɛ wubenya Alzheimer yare daakye a, dɛn na wobɛyɛ? Nokwarem no, dɛn na yebetumi ayɛ bere a yɛahu ade a ɛte saa awie no? Eyi yɛ ɔhaw kɛse a nnuruyɛfo ne nhwehwɛmufo pii hyia nnɛ. Nnansa yi ara, nhwehwɛmufo kuw bi hui sɛ nnipa a wonya Alzheimer yare no mu bɛyɛ 20% betumi ahu ntɛm denam wɔn awosu mu nkwaadɔm a wɔbɛhwɛ ara kwa so. Ɛno nti na ɛho hia paa sɛ yɛbɛka eyi ho asɛm no.
Dɛn ne APOE4 yi? Dɛn nti na ɛne Alzheimer yare no wɔ abusuabɔ?
Sɛ yɛbɛka no tiawa a, saa `APOE` yi yɛ awosu mu abɔde a ɛwɔ yɛn nipadua mu. Ne dwumadi titiriw ne sɛ ɛbɛboa ma wɔde srade te sɛ srade a ɛwɔ yɛn mogya mu akɔ. Saa `APOE` awosu mu abɔde mu nkwaadɔm yi ahorow ahorow wɔ hɔ. Yenya saa awosu mu abɔde yi, biako fi yɛn maame hɔ na biako nso fi yɛn papa hɔ.
Nnipa dodow no ara wɔ variant a wɔfrɛ no `APOE3`, nanso ebia nnipa binom wɔ variant a wɔfrɛ no `APOE4`.
- Sɛ wɔkyekyɛ mu a, nnipa dodow bɛyɛ 20% na wɔwɔ `APOE4` awosu mu abɔde no biako .
- Nanso, nnipa dodoɔ no mu bɛyɛ 2% nya `APOE4` awosuo mu nkwaadɔm no mmienu (firi ɛna ne agya no nyinaa hɔ). Wɔ aduruyɛ mu no, yɛfrɛ saa nkurɔfo yi `(APOE4 homozygotes)`.
Wonim fi bere tenten sɛ nnipa a wɔwɔ APOE4 awosu mu abɔde abien no nyinaa wɔ asiane kɛse mu sɛ wobenya Alzheimer yare .
Dɛn na nhwehwɛmu a aba foforo no ka?
Nnansa yi nhwehwɛmu bi a wotintimii wɔ aduruyɛ ho nsɛmma nhoma a agye din a wɔfrɛ no Nature Medicine mu no hwehwɛɛ eyi mu kɔɔ akyiri. Wɔhwehwɛɛ amemene 3,300 a wɔde mae ne ankorankoro 10,000 akwahosan ho nsɛm mu.
Ɛhɔ na wohuu biribi a ɛyɛ nwonwa: nnipa a wɔwɔ APOE4 awosu mu abɔde abien no nyinaa mu 95% nyaa nsakrae (biomarkers) a ɛfa Alzheimer yare no ho wɔ wɔn amemene anaa nipadua mu nsu mu.
Mpɛn pii no, nsakrae yi fii ase bɛyɛ mfe 55. Nsɛnkyerɛnne no fii ase bɛyɛ mfe 65. Awiei koraa no, wohuu adwenemhaw , a ɛyɛ nkae ne nsusuwii a ɛso tew kɛse no bɛyɛ mfe 74.
Sɛ yɛbɛka no tiawa a, nhwehwɛmufo ka sɛ APOE4 abien a wobenya no yɛ nea wɔahyɛ da ahyɛ da sen sɛ ɛbɛyɛ ‘asiane a ɛrekɔ soro’. Sɛ eyi yɛ nokware a, Alzheimer yare no betumi abɛyɛ awosu mu yare a abu so sen biara wɔ wiase.
Ade a eye sen biara wɔ eyi ho ne sɛ daakye, ebia hokwan bɛba sɛ wobehu nnipa a wɔwɔ amemene mu yare na wɔasa wɔn yare ansa na sɛnkyerɛnne ahorow ada adi.
Enti, so ɛsɛ sɛ obiara yɛ sɔhwɛ yi?
Asɛmmisa a ɛho hia sen biara ni. Mmuae no ne sɛ, dabi! Esiane mprempren tebea no nti, nnuruyɛfo fekuw ahorow nkamfo nhwehwɛmu yi nkyerɛ obiara, ɛmfa ho sɛnea yare no ho sɛnkyerɛnne te. Nneɛma pii nti na ɛte saa.
Te anohyeto ahorow a ɛwɔ nhwehwɛmu yi mu ase
- Mmusuakuw: Wɔyɛɛ nhwehwɛmu yi dodow no ara wɔ aborɔfo a wofi Europa mu. Enti wonnya nhuu baabi a nea afi mu aba yi fa nnipa a wɔwɔ yɛn man yi mu, kyerɛ sɛ, Asiafo ho kodu.
- Nhwɛsode no su: Wɔboaboaa nsɛm no ano fii nnipa a wɔde wɔn ho hyɛɛ Alzheimer yare ho nhwehwɛmu mu hɔ, enti ebia ɛsono sɛnea wɔpɛ yare no kakra sen nnipa dodow no ara.
Ɛnyɛ obiara na onya yare no ho sɛnkyerɛnne.
Eyi ne awerɛkyekye a ɛho hia sen biara. Nhwehwɛmu no ankasa ka sɛ ɛnyɛ obiara a ɔwɔ `APOE4` abien no nyinaa na wanya yare no ho sɛnkyerɛnne . Nnipa binom atra ase yiye akosi wɔn mfe 80 mu a wonni adwenemhaw ho sɛnkyerɛnne biara. Afei nso, mfe a yare no ho sɛnkyerɛnne fi ase no betumi ayɛ soronko kɛse wɔ onipa biara ho.
| Mfaso a ɛwɔ sɔhwɛ no a wɔyɛ mu | Cons & Risks a Ɛwɔ Sɔhwɛ no a Wɔbɛyɛ Mu |
|---|---|
| Wubetumi adi kan ahu asiane a ɛwɔ mu no. | Ebia adwennwen ne dadwen a emu yɛ den bɛba. |
| Sɔhwɛ kɛse bi wɔ hɔ sɛ wobɛsakra asetra kwan (adidi, anom, apɔw-mu-teɛteɛ). | Nea afi mu aba no nyɛ nea ɛyɛ nokware 100%. Ɛrentumi nyɛ yiye sɛ yɛbɛka no pen sɛ ebia yare no benya anaasɛ mfe ko a ebenya. |
| Ebia wobɛfata sɛ wonya ayaresa foforo anaa nhwehwɛmu daakye. | Mprempren ayaresa biara nni hɔ a ɛbɛtra hɔ daa a ebetumi asiw yare no ano. |
| Mmusua nso betumi anya asiane a ɛwɔ wɔn mu no ho adwene bi. | Ebia nneɛma te sɛ insurance ne adwumayɛ bɛka daakye (abrabɔ pa ho nsɛm). |
Sɛ woredwen sɔhwɛ yi ho a, dɛn na ɛsɛ sɛ woyɛ?
Fa no sɛ obi wɔ w’abusua mu wɔ Alzheimer yare na wohaw wo ho wɔ ho. Sɛ woredwene saa `APOE4` sɔhwɛ yi ho a, nneɛma bi a ɛsɛ sɛ wode sie w'adwene mu ni.
1. Mma wonyɛ sɔhwɛ no ara kwa: Mma wonyɛ sɔhwɛ a ɛte sɛɛ esiane sɛ wopɛ sɛ wuhu nneɛma pii nti. Hwɛ yiye titiriw wɔ sɔhwɛ ahorow a wɔkra wɔ Intanɛt so no ho.
2. Wo ne wo duruyɛfo nkasa: Nea edi kan no, wo ne w’abusua oduruyɛfo anaa ntini ho ɔyaresafo bi nka eyi ho asɛm. Ka w’abusua abakɔsɛm ne wo suro ho asɛm pefee.
3. Genetic Counseling ho hia : Sɛ worekɔyɛ sɔhwɛ te sɛ eyi a, ɛnsɛ sɛ ɛyɛ amanneɛbɔ no a wubenya ara kwa. Ɛho hia sɛ wo ne awosu ho ɔfotufo anaa oduruyɛfo a ne ho akokwaw wɔ eyi mu kasa ansa na wɔayɛ ne ɛno akyi. Ɛsɛ sɛ wokyerɛkyerɛ nea nea ebefi mu aba no kyerɛ, sɛnea ɛbɛka w’asetra, ne sɛnea wubegyina adwene mu nkɛntɛnso a ebenya no ano.
4. Susuw nneɛma a wubetumi adi so ho hwɛ: Yɛrentumi nsakra yɛn awosu mu nkwaadɔm. Nanso nneɛma pii wɔ hɔ a yebetumi adi so. Ade a eye sen biara a yebetumi ayɛ ne sɛ yɛbɛfa asetra kwan a eye ma amemene akwahosan .
- Di aduan a ɛkari pɛ.
- Apɔw-mu-teɛteɛ daa .
- Nya nna pa anadwo.
- Di mogya mmoroso, asikreyare, ne srade dodow so.
- Yɛ nneɛma a ɛsɔ amemene no mpoa (nhoma akenkan, ahodwiriwde ahorow ano aduru, biribi foforo a wubesua).
- Yɛ fekubɔfo.
Oduruyɛfo bi a waben ka sɛ, "Masesa kasa a meka kyerɛ ayarefo mprempren mpo. Menka da sɛ obi 'rehu amane.' Meka sɛ ‘wɔde neurocognitive nsakrae retra ase.’" Eyi kyerɛ sɛnea anidaso ne adwempa ho hia.
Nkrasɛm a Wɔde Kɔ Fie
- `APOE4` awosu mu abɔde no yɛ asiane titiriw a ɛde Alzheimer yare no ba, titiriw sɛ wowɔ ne mfonini abien a, ɛma asiane no kɔ soro kɛse.
- Ɛwom sɛ nhwehwɛmu a wɔayɛ nnansa yi si abusuabɔ yi so dua bio de, nanso nhwehwɛmu foforo ho hia na ama wɔahu baabi a nea efi mu ba no fa yɛn nnipa dodow ho kodu.
- Ɛnyɛ obiara a ɔwɔ saa awosu yi na obenya yare no. Nnipa bi wɔ hɔ a wɔn mfe akɔ anim a wonni sɛnkyerɛnne biara.
- Mprempren, wɔnkamfo nkyerɛ sɛ wɔnyɛ nhwehwɛmu daa sɛ APOE4 wɔ nnipa a wonni sɛnkyerɛnne biara mu.
- Sɛ wowɔ asɛm bi a ɛhaw wo anaa nsɛmmisa bi wɔ eyi ho a, ade a eye sen biara a ɛsɛ sɛ woyɛ ne sɛ wo ne wo duruyɛfo besusuw awosu mu afotu ho.
- Sɛ́ anka wobɛhaw wo ho wɔ awosu mu nneɛma ho no, wubetumi atew asiane a ɛwɔ hɔ no so denam asetra kwan a ɛfata amemene a yebetumi adi so a wobɛfa so.
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