Dɛn ne Tourette Syndrome? Momma yɛnka ho asɛm tiawa.

So woahyɛ no nsow pɛn sɛ ɛtɔ mmere bi a mmofra nkumaa, ne ɛtɔ mmere bi a mpanyimfo, bɔ wɔn ani bere nyinaa, anaasɛ wɔtwe wɔn mmati, anaasɛ mpofirim ara wɔyɛ nnyigyei bi a ɛma wɔn menewa mu tew? Ɛte sɛ nea saa nneɛma yi rekɔ so wɔ wɔn so a wontumi nni so, ɛnte saa? Tourette syndrome yɛ ntini mu yare a ɛma obi keka ne ho anaa nnyigyei a ɛte saa a wontumi nni so. Yɛfrɛ saa tics yi wɔ aduruyɛ mu. Nsuro sɛ wote eyi a. Ade a ɛho hia sen biara ne sɛ wubehu eyi yiye.

Sɛ yɛbɛka no tiawa a, dɛn ne Tourette Syndrome?

Tourette syndrome yɛ ntini mu yare a ɛma obi keka ne ho mpofirim, ɔmpɛ anaa nnyigyei a ontumi nni so. Wɔfrɛ eyinom `tics`. Sɛ nhwɛso no, obi betumi abɔ n’ani mpɛn pii, atew ne menewam, anaa ɔbɛka nsɛm a ɔnkyerɛ.

Wɔ nnipa binom fam no, ayaresa boa ma wodi saa tics yi so. Nanso afoforo fam no, saa sɛnkyerɛnne ahorow yi nhaw wɔn kɛse ma enti wonhia nnuru biara koraa.

Saa tebea yi taa fi ase wɔ mmofraase. Ɛtaa ba mmarimaa nso so sen mmeawa. Nea eye sen biara ne sɛ mpɛn pii no, saa sɛnkyerɛnne ahorow yi so tew bere a mmofra nyin no. Wɔ tebea horow bi mu no, wɔyera koraa.

Dɛn nti na eyi ba? Dɛn ne nea enti a ɛte saa?

Nnuruyɛfo da so ara rebɔ mmɔden sɛ wobehu nea ɛde Tourette yare no ba ankasa, nanso wogye di sɛ ɛne nsakrae a ɛba amemene no afã horow pii dwumadi mu wɔ abusuabɔ. Nhwehwɛmufo gye di sɛ nsakrae a ɛba basal ganglia a ɛboa ma nipadua no kankan so no mu; anim ntini a ɛhwɛ ntini ahorow so; ne cortex a ɛboa ma amemene no afã horow di nkitaho.

Bio nso, nnuru a ɛde nkrasɛm kɔ amemene no mu a ɛnkari pɛ, a wɔfrɛ no `neurotransmitters,` nso betumi ayɛ nea ɛde ba. Wɔn titiriw ne `(dopamine)`, `(serotonin)`, ne `(norepinephrine)`.

Eyinom akyi no, ntease afoforo wɔ hɔ a wonnya nyɛɛ ho adanse koraa, nanso wosusuw sɛ ɛwɔ nkɛntɛnso:

• Nsɛnnennen a ɛba bere a wɔyem
• Awo mu duru a ɛba fam
• Ti a wɔapirapira
• Carbon monoxide a wɔde awuduru gu nipadua mu
• Amemene mu yare

So eyi yɛ biribi a efi awo ntoatoaso ahorow mu?

Nhwehwɛmufo gye di sɛ Tourette syndrome anaa tic tebea horow a ɛte saa ara betumi afi awosu mu akodu baabi. Eyi kyerɛ sɛ ebia awosu mu abusuabɔ bi wɔ hɔ. Ɛwom sɛ wonnya nhuu sɛnea eyi ba ankasa de, nanso obi a ɔwɔ Tourette syndrome no wɔ hokwan bɛyɛ 50% sɛ ɔde bɛma abofra. Nanso, wɔ mmusua bi mu no, nnipa pii wɔ saa yare no, bere a wɔ afoforo mu no, ebia onipa biako pɛ na ɔwɔ bi. Afei nso, mmofra 20 biara a wɔwɔ yare no mu bɛyɛ biako nni abusua abakɔsɛm biara a ɛfa yare no ho.

Dɛn ne Tourette yare (Tics) ho sɛnkyerɛnne?

Tourette syndrome ho sɛnkyerɛnne titiriw ne `tics`. `tics` binom sua araa ma wontumi nhu mpo. Nanso ebinom taa ba na ɛda adi. Nneɛma te sɛ adwennwen , anigye, yare, anaa ɔbrɛ betumi ama ayɛ kɛse. Ɛtɔ da bi a `tics` a emu yɛ den tumi de aniwu ba na ɛtwetwe asetra anaa adwuma.

Ansa na motor tic bɛba no, ebia nnipa binom bɛte nka sɛ wɔn nipadua mu ayɛ wɔn yaw, wɔrebɔ wɔn ho ban, anaasɛ wɔayɛ wɔn den. Ɔhaw no yera bere a tic, anaasɛ kankyee no ba no. Ebia wubetumi asiw tics no ano kakra, nanso ebia worentumi nsiw ano koraa.

`tics` ahorow titiriw abien na ɛwɔ hɔ. Wɔn ne `motor tics` ne `vocal tics`. Wɔakyekyɛ saa ahorow yi mu biara mu bio akuw abien: nea ɛnyɛ den ne nea ɛyɛ den.

Nokware a ɛfa kasafĩ a wɔde di dwuma ho (Coprolalia) .

Tourette syndrome ho sɛnkyerɛnne a ɛyɛ basaa sen biara no mu biako ne `coprolalia`. Eyi ne nsɛmmɔne anaa nsɛm a ɛmfata asetra mu a wɔka a wontumi nni so. Saa ara nso na wɔfrɛ nsa a ɛyɛ abofono a wontumi nni so no `copropraxia`. Esiane sɛ wɔyɛ nnipa a wɔwɔ yare no ho mfonini wɔ TV ne sini mu nti, nnipa pii susuw sɛ eyi abu so paa. Nanso nokwasɛm ne sɛ, nnipa dodow no ara a wɔwɔ Tourette syndrome no nni `coprolalia` anaa `copropraxia`.

Tebea afoforo a ɛfa ho

Ɛwom sɛ wontumi nhu nea ɛde ba ankasa de, nanso nnipa a wɔwɔ Tourette yare no mu bɛyɛ fã nso wɔ ADHD (Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder) ho sɛnkyerɛnne, a ɛkyerɛ sɛ ɛyɛ den ma wɔn sɛ wɔbɛyɛ aso, wɔbɛkɔ so de wɔn adwene asi biribi so, na wɔawie nnwuma.

Nea ɛka ho no, Tourette yare no nso betumi ne tebea horow yi wɔ abusuabɔ:

• Brɛ
• Adesua mu dɛmdi, sɛ nhwɛso no, akenkan a wontumi nkenkan
• Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) yɛ tebea a wontumi nni nsusuwii ne nneyɛe a wɔmpɛ so, sɛ nhwɛso no, nsa a wɔhohoro bere nyinaa.

Ɔkwan bɛn so na oduruyɛfo hu no yiye sɛ eyi yɛ Tourette yare no?

Nanso, ebia ɛho behia sɛ wo duruyɛfo hwehwɛ nneɛma afoforo a ebetumi de wo tics aba anaa. Sɛ nhwɛso no, aniwa a ɛbɔ bere nyinaa no betumi afi aniwa a enhu ade yiye mu, anaasɛ hwene a ɛbɔ bere nyinaa no betumi afi akisikuru a ɛma obi ho yɛ no hyew. Wɔ tebea horow a ɛtete saa mu no, wobetumi de wo akɔyɛ nhwehwɛmu te sɛ mogya mu nhwehwɛmu anaa w’amemene mu MRI scan. Ebia wɔbɛka akyerɛ wo nso sɛ yɛ EEG (electroencephalogram), a ɛkyerɛ sɛnea amemene no mu asorɔkye te.

Ebia wo duruyɛfo bebisa nsɛm te sɛ eyinom:

• Dɛn na ɛkanyan wo ma wobaa ha nnɛ?
• So wo anaa wo ba no nipadua a ɛkeka ne ho a wuntumi nni so? Bere tenten ahe na eyi akɔ so?
• So wote nsɛm anaa nnyigyei bi a efi w’anom reba a wunsusuw ho? Bere bɛn na eyi fii ase?
• So biribi ma saa sɛnkyerɛnne ahorow yi yɛ yiye? Dɛn na ɛma wɔyɛ bɔne kɛse?
• So wo anaa wo ba no ho yeraw wo anaasɛ ɛyɛ den sɛ wode w’adwene besi biribi so?
• So obi foforo biara wɔ abusua no mu a ɔwɔ saa sɛnkyerɛnne ahorow yi?

Nea ɛka ho no, oduruyɛfo no susuw saa gyinapɛn ahorow yi nso ho:

• Do `tics` ka kankyee ne nnyigyei akuw abien no nyinaa ho (enhia sɛ ɛba bere koro mu).
• Ɛmfa ho mpɛn dodow a wɔbɛba da biara no, so anyɛ yiye koraa no, so eyinom bɛtra hɔ afe biako?
• So efii ase ansa na ɔredi mfe 18?
• So ɛnyɛ nnuru anaa nneɛma foforo na ɛde saa nneɛma yi ba?
• So ɛsono sɛnea tics no taa yɛ, sɛnea ɛte, sɛnea emu yɛ den, anaasɛ efi nea ɛyɛ mmerɛw so kosi nea ɛyɛ den so?

Dɛn ne ayaresa ahorow a wɔde sa eyi?

Wɔnnya nnyaa Tourette yare no ano aduru biara. Nanso, wɔ nnipa dodow no ara fam no, tics no mu nyɛ den sɛnea ɛbɛyɛ a ebehia sɛ wɔsa yare. Nanso, sɛ wɔretwitware w’asetra mu a, ebia wo duruyɛfo bɛkyerɛw nnuru ama wo.

Nnuru a wɔde di dwuma

Nnuru ahorow pii wɔ hɔ a ebetumi aboa ma `tics` so atew.Wɔkyerɛw eyinom bi nso ma tebea afoforo. Ɛte saa efisɛ wɔahu sɛ saa nnuru no nso brɛ `tics.` ase

• Nnuru a ɛka dopamine: Fluphenazine, Haloperidol, Pimozide, Risperidone.
• Mogya mmoroso nnuru: te sɛ `Clonidine`, `Guanfacine`.
• Nnuru a wɔde ko tia adwenemhaw: Fluoxetine (Prozac), Sertraline (Zoloft).
• Nnuru a wɔde sa ADHD: te sɛ `Methylphenidate (Ritalin LA)`.
• Nnuru a wɔde sa akisikuru: te sɛ `Topiramate (Topomax)`.

Ayaresa a wɔde sa yare

Nnuru akyi no, ayaresa a wɔde sa yare nso boa kɛse wɔ tebea yi a wodi ho dwuma mu.

• Ɔkasa mu ayaresa: Wubetumi ne adwene ne nneyɛe ho ɔbenfo anaa ɔyaresafo a wɔatete no akasa asua sɛnea wobedi Tourette yare ne tebea horow a ɛfa ho te sɛ ADHD, OCD, anaa dadwen ho dwuma.
• Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT): Nea ɛka eyi ho ne sɛ wobehu nkate horow a edi tics no anim na wɔde ayɛ biribi foforo de ayɛ ho mmuae. Eyi betumi aboa kɛse ma wɔadi tics no so.
• Deep Brain Stimulation (DBS): Eyi da so ara yɛ ayaresa a wɔsɔ hwɛ. Wosusuw ho ma nnipa a wɔn yare no mu yɛ den yiye a wɔanyɛ ayaresa afoforo ho biribi. Wɔ eyi mu no, wɔde oprehyɛn de afiri bi a ɛde anyinam ahoɔden kanyan amemene no afã horow a ɛhwɛ kankyee so no hyɛ nipadua no mu.

Afotu a wɔde bɛma awofo a wɔrehwɛ abofra a ɔwɔ Tourette syndrome

Abofra a ɔwɔ saa tebea yi a wɔbɛhwɛ no betumi ayɛ asɛnnennen ama awofo. Kae sɛ tics taa kɔ soro wɔ abofra no mmabunbere mu na ɛso tew nkakrankakra bere a onyin no.

Saa bere yi de, nneɛma bi a ɛbɛboa wo ni:

• Mma nhyɛ wo ba no sɛ onnyae ne tics no. Ebia ɛbɛyɛ awerɛhow sɛ wubehu wɔn anaasɛ wobɛte, nanso sɛ wobɔ mmɔden sɛ wubedi wɔn so a, ebetumi ama abofra no adwennwen ayɛ kɛse na ama tics no ayɛ kɛse.
• Ka mpanyimfo a wɔwɔ abofra no asetra mu amanneɛ. Ka sukuu akyerɛkyerɛfo, sukuu karkafo, adesuakuw kyerɛkyerɛfo, ne akwankyerɛfo a abofra no ne wɔn di bere pii no amanneɛ. Kyerɛkyerɛ tebea no mu kyerɛ wɔn na nya mmoa a abofra no hia.
• Boa ma wo ba no nnya obu mma ne ho. Hyɛ wo ba no nkuran ma onni n’anigye ne ne talente ahorow (te sɛ agumadi, adwinni, nnwom) akyi. Eyi bɛboa wɔn ma wɔanya nnamfo, asua nneɛma foforo, na wɔanya wɔn ho mu ahotoso.
• Kyerɛkyerɛ wo ba no sɛnea obedi afoforo aseresɛm ho dwuma. Wo ne wo ba nkasa na tete no sɛnea obebua mmofra afoforo aseresɛm ne nsɛmmisa.
• Nya mmoa nso. Hwehwɛ sɛ ebia akuw ahorow bi wɔ hɔ a wɔboa mmofra a wɔte sɛ eyinom awofo anaa. Ɛno bɛma wo nso ahoɔden pii.