Dɛn nti na kokoram ba?

Kokoram yɛ asɛmfua a ɛbɔ nnipa pii hu wɔ nnɛyi asetra mu. Nanso ɛnyɛ ahintasɛm ankasa. Kokoram fi basabasayɛ bi a ɛkɔ so wɔ kurow kɛse a wɔfrɛ no yɛn nipadua no mu. Wɔ asɛm yi mu no, yebehu sɛnea wobu yɛn nipadua kurow no mmara so na kokoram tebea bi ba.

Yɛn nipadua te sɛ kurow a edi mmara so!

Nea edi kan no, momma yɛnhwɛ yɛn nipadua no te sɛ nea ɛyɛ kurow a wodi so yiye na wodi mmara so.

Kurow no mufo: Nkwammoaa

Wɔfrɛ ɔman mma ɔpepem pii a wɔte kurow yi mu no nkwammoaa. Saa nkwammoaa yi mu biara wɔ adwuma pɔtee bi a wɔde ama no. Na nhyehyɛe bi wɔ hɔ, mmara bi, a ɛsɛ sɛ wɔfa so yɛ adwuma: bere a ɛsɛ sɛ wonyin, bere a ɛsɛ sɛ wɔyɛ ɔman mma foforo (nkwaboaa foforo) (Cell Division), bere a ɛsɛ sɛ wɔkɔ pɛnhyen bere a wɔawie wɔn som asetra awie (Programmed Cell Death - Apoptosis). Eyi nyinaa si sɛnea nhyehyɛe bi a wɔahyɛ ato hɔ kyerɛ.

Kurow no mu mmara nhoma: DNA

DNA yɛ mmara nhoma kɛse a ɛkyerɛ sɛnea kurow yi nyinaa yɛ adwuma, nea ɛsɛ sɛ ɔman ba biara (nkwaboaa) yɛ ne nea ɛnsɛ sɛ ɔyɛ. Nkwammoaa biara yɛ adwuma sɛnea akwankyerɛ a ɛwɔ DNA nhoma yi mu no te.

Mfomso a Ɛwɔ Mmara Nhoma no Mu: Nkwammoaa mu Nsakrae

Nanso, ɛtɔ da bi a mfomso betumi asi wɔ mmara nhoma kɛse yi mu. Te sɛ krataa anaa asɛmfua bi a ɛwɔ nhoma bi mu a wɔreyera. Yɛfrɛ saa mfomso ahorow yi wɔ DNA mmara nhoma yi mu sɛ "nkwaa mu nkwaadɔm mu nsakrae."

Ɔkwan Bɛn so na Mfomso Yi Ba?

Nneɛma atitiriw abien nti na mmara nhoma yi yɛ mfomso:

1. Mfomso a ɛba ara kwa: Sɛ wɔrebɔ ɔman mma foforo (nkwaboaa) wɔ kurow bi mu a, mfomso nketenkete betumi aba ara kwa bere a wɔresuasua mmara nhoma (DNA) no.
2. Abɔnten so nkɛntɛnso ( Carcinogens ): Nneɛma bi a efi abɔnten nso betumi asɛe mmara nhoma yi. Te sɛ ink a ɛregu, nkratafa a ɛrehyew, ne nkyerɛwde a ɛreyera. Yɛfrɛ nneɛma a efi akyi a ɛsɛe mmara nhoma yi sɛ " Carcinogens ." (Yɛbɛka eyi ho asɛm akɔ akyiri akyiri yi.)

Kurow no mu Polisifo: Mfiri a Wɔde Siesie DNA

Nea eye ne sɛ, yɛn kurow no wɔ polisifo kuw bi a wɔn ho akokwaw (awosu mu nkwaadɔm a ɛfa DNA Repair Mechanisms ho). Wɔn adwuma ne sɛ wɔbɛhwehwɛ na wɔasiesie mfomso ahorow a ɛwɔ mmara nhoma (DNA) mu bere a aba ara pɛ. Mpɛn pii no, polisifo yi siesie saa mfomso ahorow no. Nanso ɛtɔ mmere bi a, sɛ mfomso dodow kɔ soro, anaasɛ polisifo (awosu mu nneɛma a wosiesie) no ankasa sɛe a, wontumi nsiesie mfomso ahorow yi.

Sɛnea Kokoram Atuatew no Fi Ase

Ɛhɔ na ɔhaw no fi ase. Bere a nkwaadɔm mu nsakrae a ɛwɔ mmara nhoma no mu boaboa ano, na wobu mmara abien a ɛho hia sen biara a wɔde di kurow no so no, ɔman mma (nkwaboaa) binom fi ase tew atua.

Mmara Abien a Ɛho Hia a Wobu So

Mmara atitiriw abien a wobu so ne:

1. Mmara a ɛhwɛ sɛnkyerɛnne no so de fi adansi ase (nkwaboaa mu mpaapaemu).
2. Mmara no bara adansi a ɛho nhia anaasɛ ɛmfata.

"Nnyae adansi adwuma!" Nsɛnkyerɛnne a ɛyɛ mmerɛw (Oncogenes) .

Kurow no mu panyin bi wɔ hɔ a ɔde sɛnkyerɛnne no ma sɛ "mfi ase nsi dan" (mfi ase nsi nkwammoaa mu mpaapaemu) (awosu mu nkwaadɔm a ɛfata ma eyi ne proto-oncogenes). Esiane mfomso bi a ɛwɔ DNA mmara nhoma no mu nti, wɔasiw saa ɔpanyin yi sɛnkyerɛnne kwan so, na ɔkɔ so teɛteɛm sɛ "Fi ase si! Si pii! Si pii!" (saa awosu mu nkwaadɔm a mfomso wom yi yɛ oncogenes). Ɛte sɛ nea wotiatia kar bi accelerator so na ɛkyere! Enti nkwammoaa no fi ase kyekyɛ a ennyae.

Breaking the "Gyae adansi a ɛnteɛ!" sɛnkyerɛnne (Tumor Suppressor Genes) .

Afei nso, sɛ wɔresi adan wɔ kurow no mu a ɛho nhia a, ɔsraani panyin foforo bi wɔ hɔ a ɔka sɛ "Gyae!", ɔsoma akuw a wosiesie (DNA Repair) sɛ mfomso bi wɔ adansi no mu a, na sɛ ɛrentumi nyɛ yiye a, ɔhyɛ sɛ wonbubu ɔdan a ɛredi mfomso ( Apoptosis - cell death) (awosu mu nkwaadɔm a ɛfa eyi ho ne Tumor Suppressor Genes ). Esiane saa DNA mfomso ahorow no nti, saa ɔsraani panyin yi "Gyina!" sɛnkyerɛnne no gyae adwumayɛ. Te sɛ kar breki gyae adwumayɛ bere a abɔ akora no ara pɛ!

Nea efi nkwammoaa a wobu mmara so mu ba: Kokoram Akisikuru

Afei susuw ho hwɛ, sɛ accelerator no siw na breki no gyae adwumayɛ a, dɛn na ɛba?

Adansi a Wɔmma Ho Kwan a Wɔnhyɛ So

• Ɔman mma (nkwaboaa) kɔ so mu paapae a wonnyae, na wobu mmara so.
• Sɛ ɛnyɛ papa mpo a, wɔrensiesie.
• Wɔkɔ so tena hɔ a wonkɔ pɛnhyen (wu - apoptosis) wɔ bere a ɛfata mu.

Saa nkwammoaa akuwakuw a ɛto mmara so na ɛpaapae na enyin bom wɔ ɔkwan a ɛho nhia so yi ne nea yɛfrɛ no "akisikuru." Wɔte sɛ adan a wɔresi a wonnyaa kwan wɔ kurow bi mu.

Akisikuru a Ɛnyɛ Den ne Nea Ɛyɛ Hu

Saa adansi (akisikuru) a wɔmma ho kwan yi ahorow abien na ɛwɔ hɔ:

• Benign Tumors: Wɔn a wobu mmara so wɔ beae biako: Eyinom te sɛ wɔn a wobu mmara so na wosi ɔdan ketewaa bi a mmara mma ho kwan wɔ beae biako. Ɛtra baabi a wɔhyehyɛɛ no, na ɛntrɛw nkɔ nkurow afoforo mu. Nanso egyina baabi a ɛwɔ (te sɛ ɔkwan a wɔasiw) so no, ebetumi ayɛ ɔhaw kakra.
• Akisikuru a Ɛyɛ Hu: Atuatewfo a wɔrehaw kurow no: Eyinom ne nnipa a wɔn ho yɛ hu sen biara! Wonnyae adansi a mmara mma ho kwan kɛkɛ. Wɔsan nso bubu wɔn ankasa asase (ntua) afasu na wohuruw kɔ nsase a wɔte no so.

Atuatew no trɛwee: Ntua ne Metastasis

Saa akisikuru bɔne yi nnyae.

Nsase a wɔafa so nkonim: Ntua

Saa atuatewfo nkwammoaa no (Kokoram nkwammoaa bubu baabi a wofi (akwaa) no hye na wɔtow hyɛ ntini ne asase a ɛwɔ apɔwmuden a atwa ho ahyia no so (ntua).

Ntuo foforo a ɛwɔ nkurow a ɛwɔ akyirikyiri mu: Metastasis

Nea ɛyɛ hu kɛse mpo ne sɛ, saa atuatewfo nkwammoaa yi fa kurow no akwan akɛse (mogya ntini) ne akwan a ɛwɔ nkyɛnkyɛn (ntini a ɛma mogya tu), na mpo wotu kwan kɔ kurow no mmeae a ɛwɔ akyirikyiri (nipadua no akwaa afoforo - ahurututu, mmerɛbo , amemene, ne nea ɛkeka ho), baabi a wɔde akuw foforo a mmara mma ho kwan (akisikuru a ɛto so abien anaasɛ akisikuru a ɛkɔ mmeae afoforo) si hɔ. Wɔfrɛ eyi "metastasis". Eyi ne kokoram fã a asiane wom sen biara.

Nneɛma a Ɛwɔ Abɔnten a Ɛka Kokoram Ho Asiane

Afei momma yɛnhwɛ nneɛma a ɛwɔ akyi (carcinogens) a ɛsɛe mmara nhoma (DNA) a yɛadi kan aka ho asɛm no. Eyinom na ɛma asiane a ɛwɔ hɔ sɛ obi benya kokoram no yɛ kɛse.

Nneɛma a Ɛsɛe Kurow no Mmara Nhoma no

• Tawa: Te sɛ mmara nhoma a wɔhyew: Sigaret, beedi, sigaret wusiw, ne tawa a wɔwe (ɛtɔ mmere bi a wɔde betel ka ho) yɛ atamfo atitiriw a ɛsɛe mmara nhoma (DNA) no kɛse. Eyi na ɛde kokoram pii te sɛ ahurututu, ano, ne menewam ba.
• Nsã: Sɛ́ akwanside ma mmarahyɛ bagua: Ɛnyɛ sɛ nsa a wɔnom boro so sɛe mmara no wɔ ɔkwan a ɛnteɛ so nko, na mmom ɛtwetwe nipadua no akwan a wɔfa so siesie nneɛma nso. Ɛma asiane a ɛwɔ hɔ sɛ obi benya kokoram te sɛ mmerɛbo, menewa, ne nufu no yɛ kɛse.
• Aduan a Ɛnyɛ Akwahosan & Kɛseyɛ mmoroso : Te sɛ kurow no mu nneɛma a wɔde yɛ adwuma a wɔbɛma ayɛ mmerɛw: aduan a ahoɔdennuru nnim, a wɔayɛ ho adwuma na srade/asikre pii wom, nnuaba ne nhabannuru a enni hɔ, ne kɛseyɛ mmoroso ka kurow no akwahosan nyinaa ne mmara nhoma no a egyina pintinn, na ɛma asiane a ɛwɔ hɔ sɛ wobenya kokoram ahorow bi (e.g. dwensɔtwaa mu kokoram) no yɛ kɛse.
• Radiation & Chemicals: Te sɛ nea wɔpopa nkyerɛwde a ɛwɔ mmara nhoma mu no: Owia hann a ano yɛ den a ɛyɛ ultraviolet (UV radiation), mframa te sɛ X-ray, ne nnuru bi te sɛ asbestos ne nnuru a wɔde kum mmoawa betumi asɛe nkyerɛwde a ɛwɔ mmara nhoma (DNA) mu no tẽẽ.
• Nyarewa: Te sɛ atamfo a wɔhyɛn kurow no mu no:Mmoawa bi [sɛ nhwɛso no, human papillomavirus (HPV), hepatitis B ne C] ne mmoawa [sɛ nhwɛso no, Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori)] tumi hyɛn kurow no mu, nya mmara nhoma no so nkɛntɛnso, na bere kɔ so no, ɛboa ma kokoram a ɛpae gui.

Awiei: Kokoram ho ntease ne Asiane a Wɔtew So

Enti, kokoram nyɛ biribi a ɛba da koro pɛ. Ɛyɛ nea efi DNA, yɛn nipadua kurow no mmara nhoma no a wɔsɛe no (nsakrae) bere kɔ so esiane nneɛma ahorow (yɛn suban, nneɛma a atwa yɛn ho ahyia, ebia awosu), ne kurow no tumidi (nkwaboaa nyin ne owu a wɔhwɛ so) no sɛe mu ba. Accelerator no akɔhyɛ, breki no abubu, na ɔman mma (nkwaboaa) a wobu mmara so no yɛ wɔn ade a wontumi nni so, na wɔtow hyɛ kurow no nyinaa so.

Sɛ wote saa asɛm yi ase a, ɛda adi pefee sɛ ɛho hia sɛ yɛbɔ yɛn mmara nhoma (DNA) ho ban denam nnuru a ɛma kokoram (tawa, nsa a ɛho nhia, nnuan a ahoɔden nnim) a yɛbɛkwati ne asetra a ahoɔden wom (aduan pa, apɔw-mu-teɛteɛ) a yɛbɛkwati so. Afei nso, sɛ wohu wɔn a wobu mmara so (kokoram nkwammoaa) ntɛm bere a ɔhaw bi (nsɛnkyerɛnne) sɔre anaasɛ wɔnam sɔhwɛ ahorow so no bɛboa ma wɔagyae atuatew yi ansa na atrɛw akɔ wiase a ɛtrɛw no mu.