Shin ɗanka yana da ɗan koma baya a aikin makaranta? Shin ka taɓa jin cewa yana da wuya a gare shi ya fahimci kuma ya kammala karatunsa da sauri kamar sauran yara? Wataƙila yaron yana da wata matsala ta lafiya, misali, 'ADHD' (rashin kulawa), 'Autism' (Autism), ko wani nakasa ta jiki. A yau, muna magana ne game da wata hanya mai nasara wacce ake aiwatarwa a tsarin makarantu a ƙasashen waje don taimakawa ilimin yaro a wasu lokutan kamar haka. Wannan ana kiransa IEP, wanda ke nufin ' Shirin Ilimi na Musamman '. A taƙaice, 'tsarin ilimi wanda ya keɓance ga yaron'. Kodayake ba a aiwatar da shirin wannan suna a cikin tsarin makarantun gwamnati na Sri Lanka ba, ƙa'idodin da ke cikin wannan za su taimaka muku sosai wajen tattaunawa da malaman ɗanku da kuma samun tallafin musamman da yaronku yake buƙata.
A taƙaice dai, menene wannan IEP?
Tsarin IEP tsari ne da aka rubuta musamman ga yaro mai buƙatar ilimi na musamman. Ka yi tunanin kamar likita ne ke rubuta magani ga wani takamaiman rashin lafiya. Malamai, iyaye, da ƙwararru suna aiki tare don ƙirƙirar tsarin koyo wanda ya fi dacewa da yaron. Babban burin shine a taimaka wa yaron ya koyi gwargwadon iyawarsa, ba tare da la'akari da ƙalubalen da zai iya fuskanta ba, yayin da yake zaune a cikin aji na yau da kullun.
Ana yin wannan shirin ne kawai idan akwai wata shaida bayyananna da ke nuna cewa yanayin yaron yana shafar karatunsa. Ya bayyana sarai irin ayyuka na musamman da yaron zai samu kyauta da kuma yadda za a ba shi.
Akwai manyan sassa biyu na wannan shirin.
Tsarin IEP yana tattauna manyan hanyoyi guda biyu don taimaka wa yaro. Yana da matuƙar muhimmanci a fahimci bambanci tsakanin waɗannan biyun.
| Masauki | Gyara |
|---|---|
| Abin da wannan ke nufi shi ne cewa yaron yana canza yadda yake koyo . Wato, aikin da yaron zai koya iri ɗaya ne da sauran yara, ba ya canzawa. Amma ana ba su rangwame don taimaka musu su yi hakan. | Wannan shine abin da ake tsammani daga yaro da kuma abin da aka koya .Yana nufin kawo sauyi. Wannan yana nufin manhajar da yaro zai koya na iya bambanta da sauran yara. |
Misalai:
| Misalai:
|
| Babban burin: taimaka wa yaron ya zauna tare da sauran yara, ya kammala manhajar karatu iri ɗaya, sannan ya ci gaba zuwa aji na gaba. | Babban burin: Taimaka wa yaron ya ci gaba a iliminsa ta hanyar samar da manufofi da suka dace da matakin iyawarsa. |
A bisa doka, ana sa ran waɗannan hanyoyi guda biyu za su taimaka wa yaron ya ci gaba da ayyukan ajinsa da kuma ci gaba a fannin ilimi.
Wa zai iya samun irin wannan tsari?
Kafin a yanke shawara ko ana buƙatar irin wannan shiri, ana tantance yaron. Akwai ƙungiyar ƙwararru don wannan.
Suna lura da yaron a cikin aji, suna duba ayyukan makarantarsa na yau da kullun, sannan kuma suna ba wa yaron gajerun jarrabawa.
Bayan an gama duk wannan, ƙungiyar ta rubuta rahoton kimantawa. Ta bayyana a sarari ko yaron yana buƙatar shirin IEP ko a'a. Idan haka ne, ta kuma bayyana irin tallafin da yaron yake buƙata.
Mafi mahimmanci, za a ba ku wannan rahoton kuma za ku sami damar tattauna shi da ƙungiyar. Idan ba ku yarda da kimantawar ba, kuna da 'yancin yin magana da ƙalubalantar ta. Da zarar an tabbatar da cewa ɗanku ya cancanci ayyukan ilimi na musamman, ku da ƙungiyar ƙwararru dole ne ku haɗu ku amince da wannan cikakken shirin cikin kwanaki 30.
Wanene ke yin shirin IEP?
Wannan ba abu ne da mutum ɗaya ke yi ba. Wannan aiki ne na ƙungiya. Ƙungiyar da ke ƙirƙirar wannan shirin IEP ya kamata ta haɗa da:
- Malamin aji na yau da kullun na yaron.
- Malamin ilimi na musamman.
- Wakili daga tsarin makaranta (misali, shugaba ko mataimakin shugaban makaranta).
- Kwararren da ya tantance yaron.
Baya ga waɗannan mutanen, akwai wasu mutane biyu masu matuƙar muhimmanci a cikin wannan ƙungiyar. Waɗannan su ne kai da kuma, idan zai yiwu, ɗanka. Ra'ayoyinka da abin da ka sani game da ɗanka suna da mahimmanci wajen ƙirƙirar wannan shirin. Hakanan zaka iya haɗa da ƙwararru waɗanda ke kula da yaron, kamar masu ilimin motsa jiki da masu ilimin motsa jiki.
Kada ka manta, kana da amincewar ƙarshe ga wannan shirin gaba ɗaya. Ba za a iya aiwatar da shi ba tare da amincewarka ba.
Me ya kamata a haɗa a cikin shirin IEP?
IEP na kowane yaro ya bambanta domin an tsara shi musamman ga wannan yaron. Amma gabaɗaya, kyakkyawan IEP ya kamata ya haɗa da waɗannan abubuwan:
- Matsayin ilimin yaron a yanzu: Wannan yana nufin cikakken bayani game da inda yaron yake a halin yanzu a aikin makaranta.
- Manufofin shekara-shekara: Waɗanne manufofi ne yaron yake son cimmawa cikin shekara guda. Ya kamata a raba waɗannan zuwa ga manufofi na ɗan gajeren lokaci.
- Yadda ake auna manufofi: Yadda ake auna nasarar waɗannan manufofi. Maimakon kawai a ce, "Yaro ya kamata ya koyi kalmomi da yawa," ya kamata ya zama takamaiman bayani, kamar, "Yaro ya kamata ya koyi sabbin kalmomi 50 cikin watanni uku."
- Ayyukan Ilimi na Musamman: Waɗanne ayyuka na musamman yaron yake samu, na tsawon lokaci, kuma sau nawa a mako?
- Shiga aji: Nawa ne lokacin da yaron ke yi a aji na yau da kullun, tare da sauran yara, da kuma lokacin da suka bar aji don yin ayyuka na musamman.
- Shiri Don Gaba: Idan yaron yana da shekaru 14 ko sama da haka, wannan ya haɗa da darussa da ake buƙata don shirya rayuwa bayan makaranta.
Baya ga waɗannan manufofin ilimi, wannan shirin zai iya haɗawa da abubuwa kamar ƙwarewar zamantakewar yaron da hanyoyin sarrafa halayen da ke kawo cikas ga koyon yaron (misali, sarrafa fushi).
Bayan ka sanya hannu ka kuma amince da wannan shirin, ƙungiyar ƙwararru za ta ci gaba da sanar da kai game da ci gaban ɗanka. Ya kamata a sake duba shirin aƙalla sau ɗaya a shekara kuma a yi duk wani canji da ya wajaba. Haka kuma, bayan kowace shekara 3, za a sake duba yaron don tantance ko har yanzu yaron yana buƙatar waɗannan ayyuka na musamman. Wannan ba abu ne da ake yi sau ɗaya ba. Ci gaba ne, tare da daidaita shirin kamar yadda ake buƙata yayin da yaron ke ci gaba.
Saƙon Ɗauka Gida
- IEP wani tsari ne na ilimi na musamman wanda aka tsara musamman ga yaron da ke fama da matsalolin ilmantarwa saboda rashin lafiya.
- Wannan tsari ne na haɗin gwiwa wanda ya ƙunshi iyaye, malamai, da ƙwararru. Aikinku yana da matuƙar muhimmanci.
- Manufar ita ce a taimaka wa yaron ya yi nasara ta hanyar samar da daidaito ko gyare-gyare ga yadda yaron yake koyo.
- Ko da makarantar ɗanka ba ta da shirin IEP, yi amfani da ra'ayoyin da ke cikin wannan labarin don yin magana da malaman ɗanka da likitanka don samar wa ɗanka tallafin da yake buƙata.
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