A yau, za mu tattauna wani abu mai mahimmanci ga jikinka. Ka yi tunanin tsarin jikinka kamar bututun ruwa a gida; kana da hanyar sadarwa mai rikitarwa ta ƙananan "bututu" waɗanda ke jigilar abubuwan gina jiki da iskar oxygen a cikin jikinka gaba ɗaya. Waɗannan ana kiransu da jijiyoyinka . A taƙaice, ba za mu iya rayuwa ba tare da su ba.
Mene ne nau'ikan jijiyoyin jini daban-daban?
Akwai nau'ikan jijiyoyin jini daban-daban? Eh, akwai manyan rukuni guda biyu. Manufarsu ɗaya ita ce ɗaukar jini mai tsafta da iskar oxygen daga zuciyarka zuwa kowace kusurwa ta jikinka.
Nau'in farko shine jijiyoyin roba . Ka yi tunanin mai riƙe wicket yana kama ƙwallon kurket mai sauri; dole ne su sha wannan bugun farko, mai ƙarfi. Waɗannan jijiyoyin suna yin haka, suna karɓar jini mai ƙarfi kai tsaye daga zuciyarka kafin su wuce ta.
Nau'i na biyu shine jijiyoyin tsoka . Kamar wannan ɗan wasan da ke gudu don isar da ƙwallon inda ya kamata ya je, waɗannan jijiyoyin suna rarraba wannan jinin zuwa ga kyallen jiki daban-daban a cikin jikinka.
A takaice:
- Jijiyoyin roba: Waɗannan suna da wadataccen zare mai roba, wanda ke ba su damar miƙewa da ja da baya kamar roba. Suna kusa da zuciya. Misalai sun haɗa da aorta da jijiyar huhu .
- Jijiyoyin tsoka: Waɗannan suna ɗauke da ƙarin santsi na tsoka. Suna da alhakin rarraba jini ga wasu sassan jiki. Misalan sun haɗa da jijiyar femoral (a ƙafarka), jijiyar radial (a wuyan hannunka, inda kake jin bugun zuciyarka), da jijiyar brachial (a hannunka na sama).
Mene ne bambanci tsakanin jijiyoyin jini da jijiyoyin jini?
Mutane da yawa suna rikitar da jijiyoyin jini da jijiyoyin jini. Bari mu fayyace bambance-bambancen.
Jijiyoyin jijiyoyi
- Suna ɗauke da jini mai tsafta da iskar oxygen daga zuciyarka zuwa sauran jikinka.
- Bangonsu suna da ƙarfi kuma suna da ƙarfi domin dole ne su jure matsin lamba na jini a duk lokacin da zuciyarka ke bugawa.
- Jijiyoyi ba su da bawuloli; ƙarfin da zuciyarka ke samarwa ya isa ya sa jini ya ci gaba da tafiya a hanya ɗaya.
Jijiyoyi
- Bayan ƙwayoyin halittarka da kyallen jikinka sun yi amfani da iskar oxygen, waɗannan jijiyoyin suna ɗauke da jinin da ya ƙare da iskar oxygen (wanda aka cire iskar oxygen) zuwa zuciyarka.
- Bangon jijiyoyin sun fi siriri fiye da jijiyoyin jini saboda hawan jinin da ke cikinsu ya yi ƙasa sosai.
- Jijiyoyi suna ɗauke da bawuloli don hana jini ya kwarara baya.
Ta yaya jijiyoyin jini ke taimaka wa gabobin jikinka su yi aiki?
Babban aikin jijiyoyinku shine yaɗa iskar oxygen da abubuwan gina jiki. Zuciyarku tana tura wannan jinin mai iskar oxygen zuwa babban jijiyar jiki, wato aorta . Daga nan, tana rarrafe zuwa ƙananan jijiyoyin jini, suna yaɗuwa a cikin jikinku kamar yanar gizo.
Ka tuna, kowace gabobi a jikinka tana buƙatar wannan iskar oxygen da abubuwan gina jiki don yin aiki. Jijiyoyin jijiyoyinka sune hanyoyin da ke samar da waɗannan abubuwan da suka wajaba.
An keɓe wasu jijiyoyin jini ga wasu gabobin jiki, kamar:
- Jijiyoyin jijiyoyin zuciya: Suna isar da jini kai tsaye zuwa tsokar zuciya.
- Jijiyoyin Carotid: Suna ɗauke da jini zuwa kwakwalwarka, fuska, da wuya.
- Jijiyoyin ƙashin baya: Suna samar da kwakwalwa da kashin baya.
- Jijiyoyin iliac: Samar da yankin ƙashin ƙugu.
- Jijiya ta femoral: Tana samar da ƙafafuwa.
- Jijiyoyin subclavian: Suna samar da kai, wuya, da hannaye.
- Jijiyoyin Celiac da mesenteric: Samar da tsarin narkewar abinci.
Gaskiya mai ban sha'awa game da jijiyoyinku!
Akwai wasu abubuwa masu ban mamaki da ya kamata ku sani game da jijiyoyinku:
- Shin ka san cewa tsarin jijiyoyinka na tsakiya yana aika sigina zuwa ga jijiyoyinka don su matse ko su faɗaɗa? Haka ake daidaita hawan jininka . Ta hanyar daidaita diamitarsu, jijiyoyinka suna sa hawan jininka ya daidaita.
- A kowane lokaci, kusan kashi 10% na jimillar jininka yana cikin jijiyoyinka.
- Abin sha'awa, jijiyar huhu ita ce kawai jijiyar da ke ɗauke da jinin da ba shi da iskar oxygen, kuma "datti". Tana ɗaukar jini daga zuciya zuwa huhu musamman don ɗaukar iskar oxygen mai sabo.
Ina suke, yaya suke, kuma ta yaya aka gina su?
Jijiyoyin jini suna farawa daga zuciya da aorta kuma suna yin rassan bishiyoyi kamar gaɓoɓin bishiyoyi, suna isa ga kowane ɓangare na jikinka.
Suna bayyana a matsayin bututu , amma ba kamar jijiyoyin jini ba, bangonsu yana da kauri da ƙarfi don ɗaukar matsin lamba mai yawa daga ventricle na hagu na zuciya. Suna da sassauƙa sosai.
Dangane da girma, babban jijiyar ku, aorta, tana da diamita kusan 10-25 mm (0.4-0.9 inci). Sauran jijiyoyin sun kai daga 3-5 mm (0.11-0.19 inci). Ƙananan jijiyoyin, waɗanda aka sani da arterioles , na iya zama ƙanana kamar diamita 0.01 zuwa 0.30 mm.
Jijiyoyin jijiyoyi sun ƙunshi manyan layuka uku:
1. Tunica intima: Layin ciki wanda ke ɗauke da zare mai laushi.
2. Tunica media: Tsakiyar tsakiya, mai wadataccen tsoka mai santsi, wanda ke ba da damar jijiyar ta matse ko faɗaɗa kamar yadda ake buƙata.
3. Tunica externa: Layin waje wanda ke haɗuwa da kyallen da ke kewaye kuma yana ɗauke da jijiyoyin da ke nuna wa jijiyar alama don daidaita girmanta.
Mene ne yanayin jijiyoyin jini na yau da kullun?
Abin takaici, yanayi daban-daban na iya shafar jijiyoyin jikinka. Wasu sun haɗa da:
- Atherosclerosis (Kunƙuntar Jijiyoyi da Taurare) : Wannan yanayi yana faruwa ne lokacin da abubuwa kamar kitse da cholesterol suka taru a cikin bangon jijiyoyin ku, suna sa su yi tauri da tauri akan lokaci.
- Ciwon jijiyoyi : Wani sashe mai rauni na bangon jijiya wanda ke kumbura kamar balan-balan. Idan ba a yi masa magani ba, wannan na iya fashewa.
- Sanyin Jini : Wani taro da aka samar a cikin jijiya wanda ke toshe hanyar kwararar jini ta yau da kullun.
- Ciwon Jijiyoyin Zuciya : Ciwon atherosclerosis musamman a cikin jijiyoyin jini waɗanda ke samar da jini ga zuciyarka.
- Ciwon Jijiyoyin Carotid : Ciwon atherosclerosis a cikin jijiyoyin carotid, waɗanda ke da alhakin samar da jini ga kwakwalwarka.
- Hawan Jini Mai Yawan Hawan Jini
- Babban Cholesterol
- Ciwon Jijiyoyin Jijiyoyin Jijiyoyi (PAD) : Ragewar jijiyoyin da ke samar da jini ga hannaye da ƙafafunku.
- Ciwon Jijiyoyi ( Vasculitis ) : Yanayi ne da bangon jijiyoyin jikinka ke kumbura da kumburi.
Mene ne alamun cututtukan jijiyoyin jini da aka saba gani?
A lokuta da yawa, cututtuka kamar hawan jini da yawan cholesterol ba sa nuna alamun cutar a farkon matakai. Ba tare da ka sani ba, jijiyoyinka na iya taurare a hankali, kuma plaque (tarin cholesterol da kitse) na iya fara toshe su. Waɗannan matsalolin suna sa jini ya yi wahala, wanda ke haifar da kunkuntar jijiyoyin jini ko toshewar gaba ɗaya.
Wasu daga cikin alamun gargaɗin da ka iya nuna cewa kana da cutar jijiyoyin jini sun haɗa da:
- Ciwon ƙirji
- Ciwon zuciya
- bugun jini
- Jin jiri ko ciwo a gaɓɓan jikinka
- Rashin numfashi
- Ciwon ciki
- Gajiya mai yawa
Muhimmi: Idan kun fuskanci ɗaya daga cikin waɗannan alamun, yana da mahimmanci ku nemi taimakon likita nan da nan, domin suna iya nuna wata mummunar matsala ta lafiya.
Wadanne gwaje-gwaje ne ake yi don duba lafiyar jijiyoyin jini?
Likitan ku yana da damar yin gwaje-gwajen hoto da dama don tantance yanayin jijiyoyin ku:
- Angiography : Hanya ce da ake allurar fenti ta musamman a cikin jijiyoyin jini, sannan a yi gwajin X-ray.
- CT Scan (Lissafin Tomography)
- Hoton Magnetic Resonance (MRI)
- Echocardiogram : Gwajin duban dan tayi don tantance aikin zuciyarka da jijiyoyin da ke da alaƙa da ita.
Waɗanne magunguna ne ake amfani da su wajen magance cututtukan jijiyoyin jini?
Maganin cututtukan jijiyoyin jini ya sha bamban sosai, tun daga magani har zuwa tiyata:
- Canje-canje a salon rayuwa: (Za mu tattauna waɗannan nan ba da jimawa ba)
- Magunguna don rage cholesterol ko hawan jini
- Masu rage jini
- Magungunan hana kumburi, kamar corticosteroids
- Angioplasty : Hanya ce da ake amfani da na'urar da ke kama da balan-balan don faɗaɗa jijiyar da ta yi ƙunci, sannan a sanya stent.
- Dashen jijiyoyin zuciya
- Tiyatar wucewa ga sauran jijiyoyin da suka toshe
- Gyaran ƙashi na carotid endarterectomy : Ana yin tiyata don cire magudanar kitse daga jijiyar carotid.
Matakai masu sauƙi don kiyaye lafiyar jijiyoyinku
To, me za ka iya yi don kiyaye lafiyar jijiyoyinka? A zahiri, matakan da kake ɗauka don lafiyar zuciya su ne ainihin abin da jijiyoyinka ke buƙata.
Ga wasu matakai masu sauƙi da za ku iya ɗauka:
- Ku ci abinci mai kyau ga zuciya. Musamman, ku guji cin abinci mai yawan kitsen trans da kitse mai cikakken kitse. Ku mai da hankali kan 'ya'yan itatuwa, kayan lambu, ganyen ganye, da abinci mai wadataccen fiber.
- Motsa jiki akai-akai. Ka yi ƙoƙarin yin motsa jiki na akalla minti 30 a kowace rana, kamar tafiya, gudu, ko iyo.
- A guji kayayyakin taba (sigari, sigari, da sauransu) gaba ɗaya.
- Ka ba wa barcinka fifiko (idan kai babba ne, ka yi ƙoƙarin samun barci mai kyau na tsawon sa'o'i bakwai zuwa tara a kowace dare).
- Sarrafa damuwa yadda ya kamata. Ayyuka kamar yin zuzzurfan tunani, yoga, ko kuma yin abubuwan da kuka fi so na iya kawo babban canji.
- Idan kana da hawan jini, yawan cholesterol, ko ciwon suga, ka bi tsarin maganin da aka rubuta maka akai-akai.
- Kiyaye nauyin jiki mai kyau.
- Ka iyakance shan giya.
Mutane da yawa suna tunanin zuciyarsu ne kawai idan suna la'akari da tsarin jijiyoyin jininsu, amma jijiyoyin jini suna taka muhimmiyar rawa. Su ne hanyoyin da ke isar da iskar oxygen, abubuwan gina jiki, da sauran abubuwan da ke kiyaye rai ta cikin jininka. Idan ka kula da jijiyoyin jini, za su kula da kai!
Ku tuna, domin hawan jini da yawan cholesterol ba sa nuna alamun cutar, duba lafiyar ku akai-akai yana da mahimmanci don tabbatar da cewa matakan ku suna cikin koshin lafiya. Idan ba haka ba, neman shawarar likita mai kyau ita ce hanya mafi kyau don ci gaba da tafiya daidai.
