Shin ka san da wannan 'hormone mai farin ciki', wato dopamine? Bari mu yi bayani dalla-dalla game da shi!

Shin kun taɓa jin wani abu da ake kira 'hormone mai farin ciki'? Wani lokaci kawai kuna jin farin ciki da farin ciki, ko ba haka ba? Wanda ya fi kusanci da waɗannan ji ana kiransa Dopamine. Yana ba da gudummawa ga ayyuka da yawa masu mahimmanci a jikinmu. Don haka, a yau, bari mu ƙara koyo game da Dopamine.

Menene ainihin dopamine?

A taƙaice dai, dopamine wani sinadari ne da ake samarwa a cikin kwakwalwarmu. Yana cikin wani nau'in masu samar da ƙwayoyin jijiyoyi da ake kira "Monoamine neurotransmitters." "Mai watsa sakonnin jijiyoyi" ne, ma'ana mai isar da saƙo . Ka yi tunanin, ƙwayoyin jijiyoyi a cikin kwakwalwarmu suna aika saƙonni ga junansu. Dopamine 'mai aika saƙo na sinadarai' ne wanda ke taimakawa wajen musayar waɗannan saƙonnin. Yana taimakawa wajen ɗaukar waɗannan saƙonni daga kwakwalwa zuwa sauran jikinmu.

Haka kuma, dopamine hormone ne. Dopamine, epinephrine, da norepinephrine sune manyan catecholamines. Waɗannan hormones ana samar da su ne ta hanyar glandar adrenal, waɗanda ke saman kodanmu. Bugu da ƙari, hypothalamus da ke cikin kwakwalwarmu kuma yana fitar da dopamine, wani neurohormone.

Me dopamine ke yi wa jikinmu?

Dopamine sinadari ne da ke cikin muhimman ayyuka da yawa a jikinmu. Bari mu dubi menene shi.

Dopamine a matsayin neurotransmitter

A matsayin neurotransmitter, dopamine yana taimakawa ga waɗannan:

• Motsi: Yana taimakawa wajen sarrafa motsin jikinmu.
• Ƙwaƙwalwa: Wannan yana da mahimmanci don tunawa da abubuwa.
• Lada mai daɗi da kwarin gwiwa: Idan muka ji daɗin wani abu, muna jin kamar mu sake yin sa, kuma hakan ya faru ne saboda dopamine.
• Halayya da fahimta: Haka kuma yana shafar yanayin halayenmu da kuma ikonmu na fahimtar wani abu.
• Hankali: Yana taimaka maka ka mai da hankali kan wani abu.
• Barci da sha'awa: Hakanan yana taimakawa wajen daidaita yanayin barcinmu da farkawarmu.
• Yanayi: Wannan kuma yana shafar yanayin tunaninmu, ko muna cikin farin ciki ko baƙin ciki.
• Koyo: Dopamine yana da mahimmanci yayin koyon sabbin abubuwa.
• Shayarwa: Haka kuma yana da alaƙa da tsarin samar da madara ga mata masu shayarwa.

Dopamine a matsayin Hormone

Dopamine wani sinadari ne da ake fitarwa a cikin jininmu. Haka kuma yana taka rawa kaɗan a martanin "faɗa ko gudu" na jiki idan muka fuskanci barazana, kamar haɗari. Wato, idan kwatsam ka ga wani abu mai ban tsoro, yana shafar yadda jikinka yake mayar da martani a kai.

Bugu da ƙari, dopamine, a matsayin hormone, yana yin waɗannan abubuwa:

• Yana taimakawa wajen faɗaɗa jijiyoyin jini (a cikin ƙananan allurai - `(Vasodilator)`) ko kuma rage yawan jijiyoyin jini (a cikin manyan allurai - `(Vasoconstrictor)`).
• Yana ƙara fitar da sinadarin sodium (gishiri) da fitsari daga jiki.
• Yana rage yawan insulin da pancreas dinmu ke samarwa.
• Yana rage saurin motsa abinci ta hanyar tsarin narkewar abinci (GI) kuma yana kare rufin wannan tsarin.
• Yana rage ayyukan lymphocytes, ƙwayoyin halitta a cikin tsarin garkuwar jiki.

Ta yaya dopamine ke sa mu farin ciki?

Ana kuma kiran Dopamine da "hormone mai daɗi" saboda yana sa mu ji daɗi da gamsuwa. Haka kuma, idan muka ji daɗin wani abu, wannan dopamine ne ke ƙarfafa mu mu sake yin sa.

Ka yi tunanin haka: Dopamine wani ɓangare ne na "tsarin lada." An tsara wannan tsarin ne don ba mu lada, jin daɗi, lokacin da muka yi abubuwan da muke buƙatar tsira (kamar ci, sha, gasa, da haihuwa). Don haka, a matsayinmu na mutane, kwakwalwarmu tana da alaƙa don neman halaye waɗanda ke fitar da dopamine daga wannan tsarin lada. Lokacin da ka yi wani abu mai daɗi, kwakwalwarka tana fitar da adadi mai yawa na dopamine. Sannan kana jin daɗi, kuma kana ci gaba da neman wannan jin.

Shi ya sa muke yawan jaraba ga wasu abinci, musamman abinci mai guba da sukari. Idan muka ci su, kwakwalwarmu tana fitar da sinadarin dopamine mai yawa. Sannan muna jin daɗi, kamar muna kan gaba a duniya, kuma muna son wannan abin ya sake faruwa.

Yaya ake ji idan aka sami matakan dopamine masu dacewa?

Idan matakan dopamine ɗinku sun daidaita, za ku ji kamar waɗannan:

• Da alama kana cikin farin ciki.
• Da alama kana da sha'awa da kwarin gwiwa.
• Kamar dai a faɗake ne, cikin yanayi mai kyau.
• Da alama za ka iya aiki da kyakkyawan maida hankali.

Me zai faru idan matakan dopamine suka ragu?

Idan matakan dopamine suka ragu, za ku iya fuskantar abubuwa kamar:

• Ka yi kama da ka gaji sosai.
• Da alama babu wani abin sha'awa a cikin komai.
• Da alama babu farin ciki.

Bugu da ƙari, waɗannan alamun na iya faruwa:

• Rashin ƙwaƙwalwa.
• Sauye-sauyen yanayi kwatsam (canjin yanayi).
• Matsalolin barci.
• Wahalar mai da hankali.
• Rage sha'awar jima'i.

Me zai faru idan matakan dopamine suka ƙaru?

Idan matakan dopamine suka yi yawa, za ku iya fuskantar ji kamar:

• Babban farin ciki, farin ciki (Euphoric).
• Jin kuzari mai girma.
• Sha'awar jima'i da ta wuce gona da iri.

Duk da haka, akwai kuma rashin amfani ga ƙara yawan dopamine. Waɗannan su ne:

• Wahalar yin barci.
• Yin shawara cikin gaggawa, da gaggawa (Rashin ikon sarrafa motsin rai).
• Zama mai tsaurin ra'ayi.

Wadanne cututtuka ne ke da alaƙa da ƙarancin/yawan matakan dopamine?

Akwai cututtuka da yawa da ke da alaƙa da ƙarancin ko yawan dopamine. Amma har yanzu akwai abubuwa da yawa da za a gano game da wannan. Misali, shin cuta tana tasowa ne saboda ƙarancin/yawan dopamine, ko kuma cuta tana canza matakan dopamine? Wataƙila duka biyun ne. Wani abu kuma shi ne cewa aikin wani neurotransmitter kamar dopamine ba za a iya gani a ware ba. Domin, sauran neurotransmitter da yawa, hormones, da sinadarai a cikin kwakwalwarmu da jikinmu suna aiki tare da juna. Don haka wannan yana da ɗan rikitarwa.

Duk da haka, akwai cututtuka da dama da ke da alaƙa da canje-canje a matakan dopamine.

Cututtukan da ke da alaƙa da ƙarancin dopamine:

• Rashin Hankali Mai Yawan Tasiri (ADHD): An gano cewa mutanen da ke da wannan matsalar suna da ƙarancin matakan dopamine.
• Cutar Parkinson: Wannan yana faruwa ne sakamakon lalacewar ƙwayoyin kwakwalwa waɗanda ke samar da dopamine.
• Ciwon ƙafafu marasa hutawa: Yanayi ne da ke tattare da rashin jin daɗi a ƙafafuwa da kuma sha'awar motsa su.

Cututtukan da ke da alaƙa da ƙaruwar dopamine:

• Mania: Yanayin tunani na yawan sha'awa da aiki.
• Kiba: Wasu bincike sun nuna alaƙa tsakanin dopamine da kiba.
• Jaraba: Dopamine yana taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen jarabar abubuwa kamar kwayoyi da caca.

Cututtukan da ke da alaƙa da ƙarancin matakan dopamine da kuma yawan su:

Schizophrenia : Wannan cuta ce mai sarkakiya ta kwakwalwa. Wasu alamu (kamar mafarki, ruɗani) na iya faruwa ne sakamakon ƙaruwar dopamine a wasu sassan kwakwalwa. Sauran alamun (kamar rashin kulawa) na iya faruwa ne sakamakon raguwar dopamine a wasu sassan kwakwalwa.

Waɗanne magunguna ne ke da alaƙa da dopamine?

Akwai magunguna daban-daban da za su iya sarrafa matakan dopamine ko kuma su yi aiki kamar dopamine. Bari mu duba su.

Menene masu maganin dopamine?

Magungunan dopamine agonists nau'in magani ne da ke aiki kamar yadda ake yi da dopamine na halitta. Suna ɗaurewa da masu karɓar dopamine a cikin kwakwalwa kuma suna motsa su. Kamar yadda ƙwayoyin jijiyoyi ke amsawa ga dopamine na halitta.

Ana amfani da waɗannan magunguna don magance cutar Parkinson, baƙin ciki, ciwon ƙafafu marasa hutawa, ADHD, ƙarancin sha'awar jima'i, da kuma hyperprolactinemia (ƙaruwar hormone da ke samar da madara).

Wasu misalai:

• Don cutar Parkinson: `(Pramipexole (Mirapex®))`, `(Ropinirole (Requip®))`, `(Rotigotine (Neupro®))`, `(Apomorphine HCl (KYNMOBI®))`.
• Don damuwa: `(Pramipexole (Mirapex®))`.
• Ga waɗanda ke da ƙarancin sha'awar jima'i: `(Pramipexole (Mirapex®))`.
• Don hyperprolactinemia: `(Bromocriptine (Parlodel®))`, `(Cabergoline (Dostinex®))`.

Menene masu adawa da dopamine?

Magungunan hana dopamine wani nau'in magani ne da ke ɗaurewa da masu karɓar dopamine a cikin kwakwalwa kuma yana toshe su. Wato, suna hana dopamine isa ga ƙwayar jijiya ta gaba. Magungunan hana damuwa da yawa da ake amfani da su don magance cututtukan kwakwalwa suna cikin wannan rukuni.

Ana amfani da waɗannan don magance cututtukan schizophrenia , cututtukan bipolar, da tashin zuciya da amai.

Misalai:

Don matsalar schizoaffective : `(Aripiprazole (Abilify®))`, `(Risperidone (Risperdal®))`, `(Ziprasidone (Geodon®))`.
• Don matsalar bipolar: `(Risperidone)`, `(Olanzapine (Zyprexa®))`, `(Ziprasidone)`.
• Don tashin zuciya da amai: `(Metoclopramide (Reglan®))`, `(Droperidol (Inapsine®))`.

Mene ne masu hana dopamine sake dawowa?

Magungunan hana sake amfani da dopamine wani nau'in magani ne da ke hana ƙwayoyin jijiyoyi da suka fitar da dopamine sake shanye shi. Wannan yana barin ƙarin dopamine a cikin kwakwalwa, wanda ƙwayoyin jijiyoyi da yawa za su iya amfani da shi.

Wannan maganin yana taimakawa wajen magance baƙin ciki, rashin barci (yawan bacci), da kuma jaraba kamar shan taba da yawan cin abinci.

Misalai:

• Don damuwa: `(Bupropion (Wellbutrin®))`.
• Don maganin narcolepsy: `(Modafinil (Provigil))`.
• Don jarabar hodar iblis: `(Bupropion)`, `(Nomifensine)`, `(Benztropine (Cogentin))`, `(Mazindol)`.
• Don daina shan taba: `(Bupropion)`.

Menene Levodopa?

Levodopa shine babban maganin da ake amfani da shi don magance cutar Parkinson. Matsalolin motsi a cikin marasa lafiya da ke fama da cutar Parkinson suna faruwa ne sakamakon rashin dopamine. Don isar da Levodopa kai tsaye zuwa kwakwalwa (maimakon zuwa wasu sassan jiki), ana ba shi tare da magani mai suna Carbidopa. Da zarar ya shiga kwakwalwa, ana mayar da Levodopa zuwa dopamine.

Menene rawar da dopamine ke takawa a jarabar miyagun ƙwayoyi?

Idan muka yi amfani da magungunan nishaɗi, suna tsoma baki ga yadda ƙwayoyin jijiyoyi a cikin kwakwalwarmu ke aika saƙonni da karɓar su. Magunguna kamar wiwi da heroin suna aiki kamar magungunan neurotransmitters na halitta. Magunguna kamar amphetamines da cocaine suna sa a saki adadi mai yawa na magungunan neurotransmitters na halitta (kamar dopamine) nan take, ko kuma su daina sake sha.

Waɗannan magunguna suna ƙara wa kwakwalwarmu kuzari fiye da kima. Idan muka ci gaba da amfani da ƙwayoyi na dogon lokaci, wani ɓangare na kwakwalwa yana daina jin daɗi, kuma ba ma jin daɗi kamar yadda muke ji daga wani abu banda maganin. Haka kuma, don samun irin wannan jin daɗi, muna buƙatar mu ƙara shan maganin. A lokaci guda, wani ɓangare na kwakwalwa yana ƙara jin daɗin rashin jin daɗi (kamar damuwa da rashin natsuwa) da ke faruwa lokacin da tasirin maganin ya ƙare. Sannan muna fuskantar jarabar sake amfani da maganin don kawar da wannan rashin jin daɗi. Don haka, jaraba wani mummunan tsari ne wanda ke tasowa ta hanyoyi daban-daban.

Masana kimiyya yanzu suna tunanin cewa rawar da dopamine ke takawa ba wai kawai tana haifar da farin ciki kai tsaye ba ne, a'a, tana tuna abubuwan da suka faru masu daɗi da ƙarfafa su don sake amfani da su. Don haka, lokacin da dopamine ya tashi kwatsam saboda ƙwayoyi, yana koya wa kwakwalwa ta tuna abin da ya faru. Kwakwalwarka tana haɗa shan miyagun ƙwayoyi da duk halayenka da duk wasu alamu da ke tare da shi. Wannan shine dalilin da ya sa za ka iya komawa wurin da ka yi amfani da ƙwayoyi, ko da bayan ka daina amfani da su, har yanzu kana jin kamar kana buƙatar maganin.

Yadda ake ƙara matakan dopamine ta halitta?

Za ka iya gwada abubuwan da za su iya taimakawa wajen ƙara yawan dopamine ta hanyar halitta. Duk da haka, ana buƙatar ƙarin bincike kan tasirin abinci da abin sha ga masu amfani da neurotransmitters kamar dopamine.

• Ku ci abinci mai wadataccen magnesium da tyrosine. Waɗannan su ne ginshiƙan samar da dopamine. Tyrosine amino acid ne. Jiki yana sha kuma yana tafiya zuwa kwakwalwa, inda ake mayar da shi dopamine. Abincin da ake cewa yana ƙara dopamine sun haɗa da: kaza, almond, apples, avocado, ayaba, beets, cakulan (musamman cakulan mai duhu), kayan lambu kore, shayi kore, wake lima, oatmeal, lemu, goro macadamia, sesame da kabewa, tumatir, turmeric, kankana, da alkama.
• Shiga cikin ayyukan da ke sa ka ji daɗi da annashuwa. Ana kuma tsammanin wannan yana ƙara yawan dopamine. Misalan sun haɗa da: motsa jiki, yin bimbini, yin yoga, yin tausa, yin wasa da dabbar gida, tafiya a cikin yanayi, ko karanta littafi.

A ƙarshe, abu mafi mahimmanci (Saƙon Ɗauka Gida)

Dopamine wani sinadari ne na neurotransmitter da hormone. Yana taka rawa a cikin muhimman ayyuka da yawa a jikinmu, musamman motsi, ƙwaƙwalwa, jin daɗi, da kuma kwarin gwiwa. An danganta ƙarancin ko yawan dopamine da matsalolin lafiyar kwakwalwa da cututtukan jijiyoyi da dama.

Dopamine abu ne mai matuƙar rikitarwa. Har yanzu ana gudanar da bincike mai yawa kan yadda yake da alaƙa da yanayin lafiya da kuma yadda yake hulɗa da sauran masu ba da amsa ga jijiyoyi, hormones, da sinadarai.

Idan kana ganin kana da alamun ƙarancin ko yawan sinadarin dopamine, ka tabbata ka ga likitanka. Zai iya tantance alamun cutar, ya gudanar da gwaje-gwajen da suka dace, sannan ya taimaka maka wajen tsara tsarin magani mai kyau idan kana da wata matsala. Ka tuna, kada ka yi wa kanka magani, musamman idan akwai wani abu mai sarkakiya kamar wannan.

Dopamine , neurotransmitter, hormones, kwakwalwa, lafiyar kwakwalwa, cutar Parkinson, jaraba