Shin ka taɓa yin mamakin yadda muke furta kalmomi daidai, haɗiye abinci, ko ma sarrafa harshenmu idan muka fitar da shi muka buɗe bakinmu? Harshenmu muhimmin abu ne a bayan duk wannan. Amma harshe ba zai iya yin waɗannan abubuwa da kansa ba. Yana buƙatar karɓar sigina masu dacewa daga kwakwalwa. A yau muna magana ne game da wata jijiyar musamman da ke kawo waɗannan mahimman sigina zuwa harshe. Wannan shine jijiyar hypoglossal, ko kuma `(Jijiya Hypoglossal)`.
Menene Jijiyoyin Hypoglossal?
A taƙaice dai, wannan yana ɗaya daga cikin nau'ikan jijiyoyi guda 12 na musamman waɗanda suka fito kai tsaye daga kwakwalwarmu. A fannin likitanci, muna kiran waɗannan jijiyoyi guda 12 da jijiyoyi na kwakwalwa. Kamar manzanni 12 na musamman ne da ke fitowa daga kwakwalwa, wanda shine babban ofishin jikinmu. Na sha biyu daga cikin waɗannan (jijiyar kwakwalwa ta 12) shine jijiyar hypoglossal.
Ma'anar wannan suna ita ce a Girkanci, "hypo" yana nufin "ƙarƙashin ƙasa." "glossal" yana nufin "harshe." Wato, sunan yana nufin jijiyar da ke "ƙarƙashin harshe."
Abu mafi mahimmanci shine wannan jijiyar motsa jiki ce. Wannan yana nufin ba ta ɗauke da ji, amma tana sarrafa motsi. Wannan jijiyar tana aiki kamar waya wadda ke aika umarni daga kwakwalwa zuwa tsokoki na harshe don "tafiya ta wannan hanyar," "tana yin wannan hanyar," da kuma "ta ci gaba."
Menene manyan ayyukan wannan jijiya?
Ka yi tunanin, kana cin abinci mai daɗi. Harshe yana taimaka maka ka motsa abincin da ke cikin bakinka, ka tauna shi, ka haɗa shi da kyau da yau, sannan ka aika shi zuwa makogwaronka, wato, ka haɗiye shi. Haka kuma, idan muka furta haruffa kamar "ல, ர, ந, ன" hanyoyi nawa harshe ke motsawa? Duk waɗannan motsi, duk waɗannan ayyuka masu sauƙi, ana sarrafa su ta hanyar sigina da ke fitowa daga wannan jijiyar hypoglossal.
Manyan abubuwan da wannan jijiya ke taimaka mana da su sune:
- Yi Magana: Faɗi kalmomi a sarari kuma motsa tsokoki na harshe daidai.
- Haɗiye abinci: Ka yi amfani da wani abu mai kama da abinci a bakinka ka tura shi zuwa makogwaronka.
- Motsa abubuwa a cikin bakinka: Ga abubuwa kamar motsa abinci tsakanin haƙoranka lokacin taunawa, da kuma motsa ruwa a bakinka lokacin wanke bakinka.
- Yi sautuka daban-daban da bakinka: Wannan jijiya kuma tana taimaka wa wasu mutane su yi abubuwa kamar sautin 'click' da suke yi da harshensu.
A taƙaice dai, jijiyar hypoglossal ita ce babbar hanyar da ke haifar da duk wani motsi da za ka yi da harshenka.
Yadda wannan jijiya ke tafiya a jikinmu (Anatomy)
Wannan jijiyar tana farawa ne daga gindin kwakwalwarmu, kusa da inda kashin baya ya fara. Muna kiran wannan yanki da tushen kwakwalwa. Daga nan, wannan jijiyar tana tafiya mai nisa zuwa harshe.
Wannan kamar ƙaramin hanya ce daga kwakwalwa zuwa harshe. A kan hanyarsa:
1. Da farko, muna saukowa daga ɓangaren mahaifa na ƙashin bayanmu.
2. Sannan, ana wucewa da manyan jijiyoyin jini guda biyu masu mahimmanci a wuya (jijiyar carotid da jijiyar jugular) a hankali.
3. Daga nan, yana fitowa daga bayan makogwaro ya isa ƙasan baki, wato inda harshe yake.
4. Daga ƙarshe, ƙananan rassan suna yin reshe kuma suna haɗuwa da tsokoki daban-daban a cikin harshe, kowannensu yana karɓar saƙonni daga kwakwalwa.
Idan akwai haɗari, matsin lamba, ko rashin lafiya a ko'ina a wannan hanyar, aikin wannan jijiya na iya lalacewa.
Wadanne cututtuka ne za su iya lalata wannan jijiya?
Abin takaici, yanayi daban-daban na lafiya da haɗurra na iya lalata wannan muhimmin jijiya. Idan hakan ta faru, aikin harshe ya fara lalacewa. Bari mu duba manyan abubuwan da ke haifar da hakan.
| Yanayi/Dalilin | Yadda yake shafar jijiyoyi |
|---|---|
| bugun jini | Idan jini ya kwarara zuwa wani ɓangare na kwakwalwa, jijiyoyin da ke sarrafa wannan ɓangaren su daina aiki. Idan ɓangaren kwakwalwa da ke sarrafa wannan jijiyar ya lalace, harshe zai iya rasa aiki. |
| Ciwon Kai da Wuya | Ciwon daji da ke tasowa a wurare kamar baki da makogwaro na iya danne wannan jijiya. Wannan jijiya kuma tana iya lalacewa yayin tiyata ko maganin radiation don ciwon daji. |
| Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) | Wannan cuta ce ta jijiyoyin motsa jiki. A taƙaice dai, cuta ce da ke lalata jijiyoyin da ke ɗauke da sigina daga kwakwalwa zuwa tsokoki a hankali. Idan wannan cuta ta yi tsanani, jijiyar hypoglossal ma na iya yin aiki yadda ya kamata. |
| Ciwon numfashi na barci | Wannan jijiyar tana kuma sarrafa tsokoki a bayan makogwaro. Idan waɗannan tsokoki suka yi sanyi sosai a lokacin barci, harshe zai iya faɗuwa ya toshe hanyar iska. Wannan shine abin da ke haifar da dakatarwar numfashi kwatsam yayin minshari. |
| Cutar kwakwalwa (Encephalitis) | Idan kwakwalwa ta kumbura saboda kamuwa da cuta, kumburin zai iya matsawa wannan jijiya a gindin kwakwalwa. |
| Haɗuwa Masu Muhimmanci (Raunuka) | Ana iya yanke wannan jijiya ko murƙushe ta saboda raunin wuya sakamakon haɗarin mota, faɗuwa, ko wasu manyan haɗurra. |
Menene alamun lalacewa?
Idan jijiyar hypoglossal ta lalace, tasirinta yana fitowa kai tsaye a cikin harshe. A mafi yawan lokuta, wannan jijiyar tana lalacewa a gefe ɗaya kawai (dama ko hagu). Wannan yana haifar da rauni a wannan gefen harshe .
Babban kuma mafi sauƙin ganewa shine:
Idan ka miƙe harshenka a tsaye, za a ja shi zuwa ga gefen da ya lalace . Misali, idan jijiyar gefen dama ta lalace, idan ka fitar da harshenka, za a ja shi zuwa gefen dama.
Dalilin haka shi ne tsokoki ne kawai da ke gefen harshe mai kyau (gefen hagu) ake tura su, wanda hakan ke sa harshen ya koma gefen da ba shi da ƙarfi (gefen dama).
Sauran alamun na iya haɗawa da:
- Wahalar magana (Dysarthria): Kalmomi suna ɓacewa kuma ba za a iya furta su yadda ya kamata ba.
- Wahalar haɗiye abinci (dysphagia): Jin kamar kana shaƙewa lokacin da kake haɗiye abinci ko abin sha.
- Karyewar tsokoki na harshe: Bayan lokaci, tsokoki da ke gefen harshe da ya lalace a hankali suna raguwa kuma suna yin siriri saboda rashin siginar jijiyoyi.
- Tsokoki masu ban sha'awa: Tsokoki da ke saman harshe suna girgiza, kamar tsutsotsi ne ke motsa su. Wannan ya zama ruwan dare musamman a cikin cututtuka kamar ALS.
Gargaɗi: Idan waɗannan alamun suna tare da mummunan ciwon wuya ko kai kwatsam, yana iya zama alamar lalacewa ga babban jijiyoyin jini a wuya (“jijiyoyin carotid na ciki”). A irin waɗannan yanayi, yana da mahimmanci a je Sashen Gaggawa na asibiti nan take (ETU) .
Ta yaya likita zai duba wannan?
Idan ka je ganin likita mai irin waɗannan alamu, zai fara yin gwajin jiki mai sauƙi.
- Suna roƙonka ka sanya harshenka a gaba: A nan, suna duba don ganin ko an ja harshen zuwa gefe ɗaya.
- Ana buƙatar ka danna harshenka a kan kuncinka: Ana buƙatar ka danna harshenka a gefe ɗaya na kuncinka, sai likita ya sanya hannunsa a waje ya duba yawan matsin lamba. Ana kwatanta ƙarfin ɓangarorin biyu.
- Ana lura da harshe: Ana duba tsokoki na harshe da kyau don ganin ko akwai atrophy ko fasciculations.
Bayan wannan gwajin farko, ana iya yin ƙarin gwaje-gwaje don gano ainihin dalilin bayyanar cututtuka.
- Hoton MRI (Magnetic Resonance Imaging): Wannan yana taimakawa wajen duba lalacewar kwakwalwa, ciwace-ciwacen daji, ko wasu lahani.
- Hudawar ƙashin baya / Huda ta lumbar: Ana iya yin wannan gwajin idan akwai zargin kamuwa da cuta ko ƙwayoyin cutar kansa a cikin kwakwalwa ko kashin baya.
Hanyoyin magani kuma ta yaya za mu kare wannan jijiya?
Maganin lalacewar jijiya mai ƙarancin ƙarfi ya dogara da dalilin da ya haifar da hakan . Wannan yana nufin cewa magance matsalar da ke haifar da ita ya fi muhimmanci fiye da magance cutar da kanta.
Misali:
- Idan dalilin gurguwar jini ne, ana ba da magani da gyaran jiki da suka shafi gurguwar jini.
- Idan sanadin cutar kansa ne, hanyoyin magani sun haɗa da tiyata, maganin radiation, ko chemotherapy.
- Idan dalilin kamuwa da cuta ne, za a ba da magungunan kashe ƙwayoyin cuta ko wasu magunguna masu dacewa.
Ta yaya za mu kare wannan jijiya mai daraja?
Wasu dalilai, kamar haɗurra, suna da wahalar hana su. Duk da haka, za mu iya rage haɗarin kamuwa da cututtuka da yawa. Wannan a kaikaice yana kare waɗannan jijiyoyi.
- Rayuwa mai kyau: Cin abinci mai kyau da motsa jiki akai-akai na iya rage haɗarin kamuwa da bugun jini da hawan jini.
- Kiyaye nauyin jiki mai kyau: Kula da nauyin jikinka zai iya rage haɗarin kamuwa da apnea na barci.
- A guji shan taba da barasa: Duk waɗannan halaye suna da babban haɗari ga ciwon daji na kai da wuya.
- Kula da cututtuka na yau da kullun: Idan kana da cuta kamar ALS, zaka iya sarrafa cutar ta hanyar bin umarnin likitanka daidai.
Saƙon Ɗauka Gida
- Jijiya mai ƙarancin haske (hypoglossal jijiyar) wata jijiya ce ta musamman daga kwakwalwa wadda take da mahimmanci ga magana, haɗiyewa, da duk motsin harshe.
- Idan wannan jijiyar ta lalace, gefen harshe ɗaya na iya yin rauni. Babban alamar ita ce harshe zai ja zuwa ga gefen da ya lalace lokacin da ka sanya shi gaba.
- Wannan jijiya na iya lalacewa ta hanyar mummunan yanayi na lafiya kamar bugun jini, ciwon daji, manyan haɗurra, da ALS.
- Idan kana da wahalar magana ko haɗiyewa, ko jin kasala ko rauni a harshenka, ko kuma kana jin kamar harshenka yana ja gefe ɗaya, ka je wurin likita ba tare da ɓata lokaci ba .
- Ta hanyar bin salon rayuwa mai kyau, za ka iya kare kanka daga cututtuka da yawa da za su iya lalata wannan jijiya.
💬 Comments (0)
Har yanzu ba a buga sharhi ba. Ƙara bayanin ku anan a karon farko.
Ƙara sharhin ku