Shin kana kuma son sanin ainihin menene Mast Cells? Bari mu yi magana game da wannan a sauƙaƙe!

Wataƙila ba ka taɓa jin sunan 'Mast Cells' ba a da, ko? Amma waɗannan nau'in ƙwayar halitta ne mai matuƙar muhimmanci da ke kare jikinmu. Kamar ƙananan masu gadi a cikin jikinmu. Duk da haka, wani lokacin idan waɗannan masu gadi suka ɗan yi farin ciki, mukan shiga cikin matsala. A yau, bari mu yi bayani dalla-dalla, a taƙaice, game da menene waɗannan ƙwayoyin mast, yadda suke aiki a jikinmu, da kuma irin yanayin da za su iya haifarwa.

Menene Kwayoyin Mast?

A taƙaice dai, ƙwayoyin mast sojoji ne na musamman a cikin tsarin garkuwar jikinmu. Ana samar da su a cikin ƙashin ƙashinmu . Sannan suna tafiya ta cikin jininmu kuma suna zama a cikin kyallen jiki daban-daban a ko'ina cikin jiki. Kamar masu gadi da ke aiki a sassa daban-daban na ƙasar, waɗannan ƙwayoyin mast suna aiki a sassa daban-daban na jikinmu, a shirye suke su kare mu daga barazanar waje. Suna iya yaƙi da cututtuka daban-daban da kuma taimakawa wajen daidaita aikin gabobin jikinmu.

Duk da haka, wani lokacin waɗannan ƙwayoyin mast suna zama masu kariya fiye da kima kuma suna fara amsawa ga abubuwan da ba su da lahani a gare mu. Idan kuna da rashin lafiyar yanayi ko asma mai rashin lafiyan, ɗaya daga cikin dalilan wannan shine saboda aikin ƙwayoyin mast. A wasu lokuta masu tsanani, kunna ƙwayoyin mast na iya haifar da mummunan rashin lafiyan kwatsam da ake kira anaphylaxis . Don haka yana da mahimmanci a san da wannan.

Me ƙwayoyin mast ke yi wa jikinmu?

Kwayoyin halittar mast suna aiki kamar 'tsarin faɗakarwa' na jikinmu. Suna kare jikinmu daga masu mamayewa daga waje, kamar ƙwayoyin cuta, ƙwayoyin cuta da ƙwayoyin cuta , da kuma guba kamar gubar maciji da gubar kudan zuma. Suna kuma yaƙi da duk wani abu da suke ganin yana da illa, ko da ba haka ba ne. A lokacin ne muke samun rashin lafiyan .

Ba kamar sauran nau'ikan ƙwayoyin jinin fari ba, ƙwayoyin mast ba sa halaka ƙwayoyin cuta kai tsaye. Madadin haka, suna zama a tsare a cikin kyallen jikinmu, suna jiran siginar da ke nuna cewa wani abu mai cutarwa ya shiga jiki.

Ta yaya ƙwayoyin mast ke aiki?

Ka yi tunanin cewa wani abu da ba ka so, misali, ƙurar ƙura, pollen, ko abincin da kake da rashin lafiyan sa, ya shiga jikinka. Wani nau'in ƙwayar halitta ta musamman a cikin tsarin garkuwar jikinmu, wanda ake kira ƙwayoyin B, yana gane wannan mai mamayewa. Da zarar sun gane shi, sai su fara yin sunadaran musamman, waɗanda ake kira antibodies, don yaƙar sa. Takamaiman ƙwayoyin rigakafi da ake samarwa a wannan lokacin ana kiransu Immunoglobulin E (IgE).Faɗi.

Waɗannan ƙwayoyin rigakafi na IgE suna tafiya cikin sauri zuwa ga takamaiman masu karɓa a saman ƙwayoyin mast, kamar ƙurar kyanwa. Lokaci na gaba da mai mamaye ɗaya (misali pollen, ƙura) ya sake shigowa cikin jiki, IgE da ke kan ƙwayoyin mast zai kama shi.

A lokacin ne ake "kunna ƙwayoyin mast." Kamar ƙararrawa ce da ake ƙarawa a wuta.

Idan aka kunna ƙwayoyin mast ta wannan hanyar, ba zato ba tsammani sai su fitar da wani sinadari mai suna histamine da sauran sinadarai da yawa da aka adana a cikin ƙananan jaka (ƙwayoyin ajiya) a cikin waɗannan ƙwayoyin. Wannan ana kiransa degranulation .

Waɗannan sinadarai ne da ke haifar da alamun rashin lafiyan. Waɗannan sun haɗa da:

• Jijiyoyin jininmu suna faɗaɗa, ruwa kuma yana taruwa a cikin kyallen da ke kewaye, wanda ke haifar da kumburi . Wannan yana bawa ƙwayoyin garkuwar jiki damar hanzarta zuwa wurin da suka kamu da cutar, suna ɗaukar mahara zuwa ƙwayoyin lymph don halaka su.
• Yawan fitar da majina (phlegm) yana ƙaruwa.
• Tsokokin da ke cikin hanyoyin numfashi da tsarin narkewar abinci (hanji) suna tarawa kuma suna ƙoƙarin fitar da abubuwa masu cutarwa ta hanyar motsi kamar raƙuman ruwa (peristalsis).

Waɗannan abubuwa na iya sa fatar jikinka ta yi ja, ta kumbura, ta yi ƙaiƙayi. Za ka iya samun hanci mai gudu, atishawa, ko tari. Wani lokaci ma za ka iya samun gudawa ko amai. A cikin mawuyacin hali, wannan tsari na iya sa hanyoyin iska su kumbura, wanda hakan ke sa numfashi ya yi wahala, kuma ya haifar da raguwar hawan jini mai haɗari, wanda har ma zai iya haifar da rashin lafiyar jiki, wato wata cuta da ke barazana ga rayuwa.

Kwayoyin mast da homeostasis

Baya ga haifar da rashin lafiyan jiki, ƙwayoyin mast suna taimakawa wajen daidaita ayyuka daban-daban a jikinmu, wato, kiyaye yanayin 'homeostasis' . Ga wasu misalai kaɗan:

• Girman jijiyoyin jini.
• Girman ƙashi.
• Girma da gyaran ƙwayoyin hanyoyin numfashi.

Ina ƙwayoyin mast suke a jikinmu?

Idan aka kwatanta da sauran nau'ikan ƙwayoyin jinin fari, ƙwayoyin jinin mast ba su da yawa a cikin jininmu. A mafi yawan lokuta, muna fuskantar wani abu mai cutarwa ta hanyar shaƙar su a ciki, cin su, ko kuma ta hanyar raunin fata. Shi ya sa galibi ake samun ƙwayoyin jinin mast a cikin:

• A cikin hanyoyin numfashi da huhu .
• Tsarin narkewar abinci (GI tract) (ciki, hanji).

Bugu da ƙari, waɗannan ƙwayoyin mast suna nan a kusa da jijiyoyin jininmu da jijiyoyinmu.

Menene sassan ƙwayar mast?

Idan ka ɗauki ƙwayar mast, tana da ƙwayar tsakiya a tsakiya, wato "kwakwalwar" tantanin halitta. A kusa da wannan ƙwayar akwai ɗaruruwan ƙananan sifofi masu kama da jakar da ake kira granules .A cikin waɗannan ƙwayoyin cuta ne ake adana saƙonnin sinadarai daban-daban (masu shiga tsakani) . Waɗannan manzanni su ne abin da ke aika saƙonni zuwa ga jiki don amsawa idan wani abu mai cutarwa ya taɓa shi. Wasu daga cikin manyan sinadarai sune:

• Histamine: Mun yi magana game da wannan a baya. Yana faɗaɗa jijiyoyin jini, yana ba da damar ruwa da ƙwayoyin rigakafi su shiga kyallen takarda. Yana kuma toshe hanyoyin iska da hanyoyin narkewar abinci, yana samar da majina don taimakawa wajen fitar da ƙwayoyin cuta.
• Proteases: (Misali: tryptase, chymase, carboxypeptidase A). Proteases wani nau'in enzyme ne da ke wargaza sunadaran. Suna taimakawa wajen wargaza kyallen haɗin gwiwa, wanda ke ba da damar ƙwayoyin garkuwar jiki su isa wurin cikin sauƙi.
• Cytokines/chemokines: Waɗannan ƙananan sunadaran ne waɗanda ke nuna wa sauran ƙwayoyin rigakafi alama don yin ƙarin kwafi na kansu, don sa jijiyoyin jini su "manne" ta yadda ƙwayoyin rigakafi za a iya jigilar su zuwa kyallen takarda, da kuma ɗaukar ƙwayoyin halitta don tsaftacewa da gyara wuraren da suka lalace.
• Heparin: Wannan yana hana zubar jini, don haka yana taimakawa wajen buɗe hanyoyin jini.

Masu karɓar ƙwayoyin mast

Kwayoyin mast suna da masu karɓa daban-daban a saman su. Waɗannan sunadaran sunadaran ne na musamman. Kamar maɓalli da ke daidaita makulli, waɗannan masu karɓa suna hulɗa da sauran sunadaran sigina don kunna ƙwayoyin mast.

Daga cikin waɗannan, mai karɓar IgE, wanda muka tattauna a baya, shine mafi shahara. Bugu da ƙari, ƙwayoyin mast suna da masu karɓar wasu nau'ikan ƙwayoyin rigakafi (misali, Immunoglobulin G / IgG) da kuma don gane ƙwayoyin cuta kai tsaye (misali, masu karɓar Toll-like).

Waɗanne cututtuka ne suka fi yawa da ke da alaƙa da ƙwayoyin mast?

Wasu daga cikin matsalolin da muke gani da suka shafi ƙwayoyin mast sune:

• Rashin lafiyar muhalli (misali, ƙura, pollen, dander na dabbobin gida)
• Asma
• Rashin lafiyar abinci
• Blesters na Zafi/ Kuraje

Cututtukan ƙwayoyin mast masu wuya

Bugu da ƙari, akwai wasu yanayi da ba kasafai ake samun su ba da ke da alaƙa da ƙwayoyin mast:

• Ciwon kunna ƙwayoyin mast (MCAS): Wannan yanayi ne wanda, ba tare da wani dalili ba, alamun rashin lafiyan ko rashin lafiyar anaphylaxis ke faruwa akai-akai.
• Wani lokaci akwai ƙaruwa mai yawa a yawan ƙwayoyin mast a jiki (Mastocytosis).
• Haɗarin alpha-tryptasemia / iyali hypertryptasemia:Wannan yanayi ne na kwayoyin halitta wanda ke faruwa lokacin da jiki ke da matakan enzyme mai yawa da ake kira tryptase, wanda ƙwayoyin mast ke samarwa. Duk da haka, mutane da yawa da ke da wannan yanayin kwayoyin halitta ba sa nuna alamun cutar.

Mene ne alamomin cutar ƙwayoyin mast da aka saba gani?

Histamine da aka saki a cikin cututtukan ƙwayoyin mast na iya haifar da alamu kamar:

• Canza launin fata, ja, ko kaikayi.
• Kumburi (edema) .
• Wahalar numfashi.
• Anaphylaxis mai sake faruwa.

Wadanne gwaje-gwaje ake yi don gano waɗannan yanayi?

Idan likita ya yi zargin cewa kana da matsalar ƙwayoyin mast, zai iya yin gwaje-gwaje kamar waɗannan don ganin ko ƙwayoyin mast ɗinka suna aiki:

• Gwaje-gwajen fitsari.
• Gwaje-gwajen jini.
• Gwaje-gwajen ƙashi.
• Gwaje-gwajen fata.

Likita zai iya yin gwajin fata na rashin lafiyan ko gwajin jini don gano abubuwan da ke haifar da hakan. Wani lokaci dakin gwaje-gwaje na iya yin gwajin kwayoyin halitta don ganin ko alamun cutar sun samo asali ne daga wata cuta ta gado.

Menene hanyoyin magance wannan?

Maganin cutar ƙwayoyin mast ya dogara ne akan alamomin da ke tattare da cutar da kuma abin da ke haifar da ita. Maganin na iya haɗawa da:

• Gujewa abubuwan da ke haifar da rashin lafiyan .
• Magunguna don magance alamun cutar. Waɗannan na iya haɗawa da magungunan antihistamines , magungunan rage acid, da magungunan da ke canza leukotriene (misali, montelukast).
• Magungunan daidaita ƙwayoyin mast. Waɗannan magunguna suna hana fitar da sinadarai kamar histamine daga ƙwayoyin mast.
• Magunguna don rage ko magance anaphylaxis. Waɗannan sun haɗa da magunguna kamar epinephrine da omalizumab .
• Maganin Cytoreductive/chemotherapy . Ga manyan lokuta na mastocytosis, ana amfani da magungunan chemotherapy waɗanda galibi ake amfani da su don kashe ƙwayoyin cutar kansa a wasu lokutan.

To, shin ƙwayoyin mast suna da kyau ko mara kyau?

Yawancin mutane suna jin labarin ƙwayoyin mast ne kawai idan wani abu ya faru da su, don haka za ku iya tunanin cewa ƙwayoyin mast abu ne mara kyau. Amma a zahiri, suna taimakawa wajen kare jikinmu daga masu mamayewa masu cutarwa kuma suna daidaita gabobinmu. Don haka, mafi yawan lokuta, suna da kyau.

Ka yi tunanin, sirens suna tashi. Ƙungiyar tsaro ta isa wurin. Kwayoyin mast ɗinku suna yin ƙararrawa, kuma garkuwar jikinku tana gudu don ceton ranar. Su muhimmin ɓangare ne na tsarin kariya na jikinmu. Amma yawanci muna ba da kulawa sosai ga ƙwayoyin mast lokacin da suke da sha'awar aikinsu. Amma kuma suna ƙarfafa kariyarmu kuma suna taimakawa wajen daidaita jijiyoyin jini da gabobinmu. Don haka, lokaci na gaba da ka yi atishawa, kana da ruwa a hanci, ko kuma ka ji ƙaiƙayi, kar ka manta ka gode wa ƙwayoyin mast ɗinka saboda kulawarsu!

Abubuwan da za a tuna a taƙaice

Don haka, abu mafi mahimmanci da za a tuna daga duk wannan shine cewa ƙwayoyin mast suna da matukar muhimmanci ga tsarin garkuwar jikinmu. Suna kare mu daga cututtuka daban-daban da gubobi daga waje. Amma, wani lokacin idan suka zama masu saurin kamuwa da cuta, suna iya mayar da martani ga abubuwan da ba su da lahani, kuma suna haifar mana da yanayi kamar rashin lafiyan jiki.

Idan kana yawan fuskantar alamun rashin lafiyan jiki, kamar ƙaiƙayi a fata, kuraje, majina, atishawa, ko wahalar numfashi, abu mafi kyau da za ka yi shi ne ka ga likita ka nemi shawara ba tare da ka yi watsi da shi ba. Kada ka damu, akwai magunguna da ake da su a yau waɗanda za su iya taimakawa wajen shawo kan yawancin waɗannan yanayi.

Kwayoyin Mast , tsarin garkuwar jiki, rashin lafiyan jiki, histamine, anaphylaxis, aikin tantanin halitta, alamu