Kananan shugabanni a jikinka! Bari mu san tsarin endocrine ɗinka!

Shin ka taɓa yin mamakin yawan abubuwan da ke faruwa a cikin jikinka? Mu kamar na'ura muke. Domin wannan na'urar ta yi aiki yadda ya kamata, dole ne a sami haɗin kai mai kyau tsakanin kowane ɓangare. Wannan shine tsarin haɗin kai mai ban mamaki wanda ke sarrafa ayyuka daban-daban a jikinmu, tsarin endocrine da za mu yi magana a kai a yau. A taƙaice, wannan hanya ce ta musamman ga jikinmu don musayar saƙonni.

To, me zai faru da wannan tsarin endocrine?

Ka yi tunanin kana da ƙananan masana'antu a duk faɗin jikinka. Muna kiran waɗannan masana'antun gland . Waɗannan gland suna samar da sinadarai na musamman da ake kira hormones . Waɗannan hormones ɗin suna kama da postmen a jikinmu. Suna ɗauke da saƙonni daga wuri ɗaya zuwa wani. Ga abin da ke faruwa:

• Ana fitar da waɗannan hormones kai tsaye cikin jini daga glandar endocrine ɗinmu.
• Waɗannan hormones ɗin suna tafiya a cikin jiki tare da jini, suna nemo ƙwayoyin halittar da suka dace, sannan su ba waɗannan ƙwayoyin takamaiman umarni.

Ta wannan hanyar, hormones na endocrine suna sarrafa motsin zuciyarmu, suna taimaka wa jiki girma da haɓaka, suna tasiri kan yadda gabobinmu ke aiki, suna sarrafa narkewar abinci da samar da kuzari (wanda kuma ake kira metabolism), har ma suna taimakawa wajen haihuwa . Mafi mahimmanci, wannan tsarin endocrine ya san ainihin adadin kowace hormone da za a saki. Wani lokaci ana ƙayyade wannan ta hanyar matakin hormones da ke cikin jini, ko kuma ta hanyar matakin wasu abubuwa a cikin jini, kamar calcium. Abubuwa da yawa na iya shafar waɗannan matakan hormones, kamar damuwa, cututtuka daban-daban, da canje-canje a cikin adadin ruwa da ma'adanai a cikin jiki .

Ka tuna, duk wani sinadarin hormone, ko da ya yi yawa ko ya yi ƙasa, ba shi da kyau ga jiki. Amma kada ka damu, yanzu akwai magunguna masu kyau don magance yawancin waɗannan matsalolin.

Wanene babban "shugaban" wannan tsarin endocrine?

Duk da cewa akwai wurare da yawa a jikinmu da ke samar da hormones, akwai wasu manyan gland a cikin tsarin endocrine. Bari mu dubi menene su:

• Hypothalamus
• Ciwon Pituitary
• Glandar thyroid
• Ciwon parathyroid
• Glandan adrenal
• Pineal gland shine
• Kwayar halittar mata
• Na mazaGwarazo `(gwarazo)`

Pancreas wani ɓangare ne na tsarin endocrine da kuma tsarin narkewar abinci. Wannan ya faru ne saboda pancreas yana fitar da hormones cikin jini kuma yana fitar da enzymes a cikin tsarin narkewar abinci wanda ke taimakawa wajen narkar da abinci. Yanzu, za mu yi magana game da kowace daga cikin waɗannan gland ɗin dalla-dalla?

Hypothalamus - Sarrafa daga kwakwalwa!

Wannan ɓangaren da ake kira hypothalamus yana ƙasan kwakwalwarmu, a tsakiya . Abin mamaki shine wannan shine babban haɗin da ke tsakanin tsarin endocrine ɗinmu da tsarin jijiyoyi. Kwayoyin jijiyoyi a cikin hypothalamus suna samar da sinadarai na musamman. Waɗannan sinadarai suna sarrafa hormones da glandar pituitary ke fitarwa. Ka yi tunanin, lokacin da kwakwalwa ta ji abubuwa kamar zafin da ke kewaye da mu, haske, da motsin zuciyar da muke ji, wannan bayanin yana zuwa ga pituitary ta hanyar hypothalamus. Dangane da wannan bayanin, ana yanke shawara kan waɗanne hormones ne da nawa ne pituitary ke fitarwa. Yana kama da babban mai sarrafawa a babban ofis.

Glandar Pituitary - Ƙarami amma "shugaba"!

Glandar pituitary tana nan a gindin kwakwalwa. Girmanta ya kai kamar ƙaramin wake. Duk da haka, duk da ƙaramin girmanta, ana kiran glandar pituitary da "master gland." Wannan saboda hormones ɗin da take samarwa suna sarrafa sauran glandar endocrine da yawa. Shin hakan ba abin mamaki bane? Ga wasu muhimman hormones da glandar pituitary ke samarwa:

• Hormone na girma: Wannan yana ƙarfafa girman ƙasusuwa da sauran kyallen jiki. Hakanan yana shafar yadda jiki ke amfani da sinadarai masu gina jiki da ma'adanai.
• Prolactin: Wannan hormone yana kunna samar da madara a cikin uwaye masu shayarwa.
• Thyrotropin: Wannan yana motsa glandar thyroid don samar da hormones na thyroid.
• Corticotropin: Wannan shine abin da ke motsa glandar adrenal don samar da wasu hormones.
• Sinadarin Antidiuretic: Yana taimakawa wajen daidaita ruwa a jiki ta hanyar kodan.
• Oxytocin: Wannan hormone yana sa mahaifa ta yi ƙunci yayin haihuwa.

Bugu da ƙari, glandar pituitary tana fitar da sinadarai da ake kira endorphins . Waɗannan suna shafar tsarin jijiyoyi kuma suna rage radadin da muke ji. glandar pituitary kuma tana samar da hormones waɗanda ke nuna wa gabobin haihuwa alama don samar da hormones na jima'i. glandar pituitary kuma tana sarrafa ovulation da zagayowar al'ada a cikin mata.

Glandar Thyroid - Abu mai mahimmanci a wuya kamar malam buɗe ido!

Glandar thyroid tana gaban wuya, a ƙasan wuya. Yana kama da malam buɗe ido, ko kuma kamar taye . Manyan hormones ɗin da yake samarwa sune thyroxine da triiodothyronine. Waɗannan hormones suna sarrafa yadda ƙwayoyin halittarmu ke amfani da abinci don samun kuzari. A taƙaice dai, yawan hormones ɗin thyroid a cikin jini, haka nan saurin halayen sinadarai na jiki ke ƙaruwa.

Hormones na thyroid suna da matuƙar muhimmanci domin suna taimakawa wajen girma ƙashi a cikin yara da manya, da kuma kwakwalwa da tsarin jijiyoyi.

Parathyroid Glands - Masu Kula da Calcium!

Akwai ƙananan gland guda huɗu da suka haɗa da glandar thyroid da muka yi magana a kansu. Domin duk waɗannan guda huɗu suna aiki tare, ana kiransu glandar parathyroid. Hormone na parathyroid da waɗannan gland ke fitarwa yana sarrafa matakin calcium a cikin jini. Hormone na calcitonin da glandar thyroid ke samarwa shi ma yana taimakawa wajen wannan aikin.

Adrenal Glands - Ƙananan jarumai biyu sama da kodan!

Sama da kodanmu, kamar murabba'i biyu masu siffar uku, akwai glandar adrenal. Wannan gland yana da sassa biyu. Kowane sashe yana samar da rukuni daban-daban na hormones, waɗanda ke da ayyuka daban-daban:

• Ana kiran ɓangaren waje da adrenal cortex. Yana samar da hormones da ake kira corticosteroids . Waɗannan suna taimakawa wajen sarrafa daidaiton gishiri da ruwa na jiki, martanin jiki ga damuwa, samar da kuzari (metabolism), tsarin garkuwar jiki, da ci gaban jima'i da aiki.
• Ana kiran ɓangaren ciki da adrenal medulla. Yana samar da hormones da ake kira catecholamines . Misali shine epinephrine (wanda kuma ake kira adrenaline) . Idan jiki yana cikin damuwa, epinephrine yana ƙara hawan jini da bugun zuciya. Yi tunani game da abin da ke faruwa da jikinka lokacin da ka ji tsoro ko damuwa kwatsam. Wannan hormone yana da hannu a cikin hakan.

Pineal Gland - Wanda ke saita yanayin barci!

Glandar pineal (wanda kuma ake kira jikin pineal) tana tsakiyar kwakwalwa. Tana fitar da wani hormone da ake kira melatonin . Wannan melatonin yana taimaka mana wajen sarrafa abubuwa kamar lokacin da muke barci da daddare da kuma lokacin da muka tashi da safe. Yana kama da agogon barci na jikinmu.

Glandan Haihuwa - Mace da Haihuwa!

Babban tushen hormones ɗinmu na jima'i shine glandar haihuwa (gonads).

• Glandan haihuwa na samari , wato, ƙwai., wanda ke cikin ƙwanƙolin mahaifa. Waɗannan suna samar da ƙungiyar hormones da ake kira androgens . Mafi mahimmanci daga cikinsu shine testosterone . Lokacin da yaro ya kai balaga, waɗannan hormones suna nuna canje-canjen da ake buƙata (misali, ƙaruwar azzakari da tsayi, zurfafa murya, da haɓakar gashin fuska da na gaba). Tare da hormones daga glandar pituitary, testosterone kuma yana gaya wa ƙwai su samar da maniyyi.
• Glandan haihuwa na yarinya , wanda ake kira ovaries , suna cikin ƙugu. Baya ga samar da ƙwai, suna kuma samar da hormones na mata estrogen da progesterone . Estrogen yana da matuƙar muhimmanci a lokacin balaga. A wannan lokacin, nono yana tasowa, kitse yana taruwa a cikin ƙugu da cinyoyi, kuma tsayinsa yana ƙaruwa. Estrogen da progesterone suma suna taimakawa wajen daidaita zagayowar al'adar yarinya. Waɗannan hormones ɗin suna taka rawa yayin daukar ciki.

Pancreas - Yana samar da hormones kuma yana taimakawa wajen narkewar abinci!

Pancreas yana samar da hormones da ake kira insulin da glucagon . Waɗannan hormones suna sarrafa matakin sukari, ko glucose, a cikin jini. Insulin yana taimaka wa jiki adanawa da kula da kuzari. Muna amfani da wannan kuzarin da aka adana lokacin da muke motsa jiki da kuma yin ayyuka daban-daban. Hakanan yana taimaka wa gabobinmu su yi aiki yadda ya kamata.

Me za mu iya yi don kiyaye lafiyar tsarin endocrine na 'ya'yanmu?

Waɗannan abubuwa za su taimaka wajen kiyaye lafiyar tsarin endocrine na ɗanku:

• A ƙarfafa su su yi motsa jiki sosai . Gudu, tsalle, da wasa suna da kyau.
• Samar da abinci mai gina jiki . Haɗa abubuwa kamar kayan lambu, 'ya'yan itatuwa, da ganye a cikin abincinka.
• A je a duba lafiyarka akai-akai . Ta haka, idan akwai wata matsala, za ka iya gano ta da wuri.
• Kada a ba da wani kari ko maganin ganye ba tare da shawarar likita ba.
• Idan wani a cikin iyalinka yana da tarihin cututtukan endocrine (misali, ciwon sukari ko matsalolin glandar thyroid), gaya wa likitanka game da shi.

Awanne lokaci kake buƙatar ganin likita?

Idan yaronka yana da ɗaya daga cikin waɗannan alamun, tabbatar da ganin likita:

• Idan har yanzu kina jin ƙishirwa ko da bayan shan ruwa mai yawa.
• Idan kana buƙatar yin fitsari akai-akai.
• Idan kina yawan jin ciwon ciki ko tashin zuciya.
• Idan kana jin gajiya sosai ko kuma rauni sosai.
• Idan kwatsam ka ƙara nauyi sosai, ko kuma ka rage nauyi.
• Idan kana jin kamar jikinka yana rawa ko kuma kana gumi sosai.
• Idan kana da maƙarƙashiya.
• Idan kana jin kamar ba ka girma a daidai lokacin da ya dace da shekarunka, ko kuma idan kana jin kamar kana fuskantar jinkiri a ci gabanka.

Idan ka ga irin waɗannan abubuwa, ya fi kyau kada ka firgita ka nemi shawara daga likita nan take.

Saƙon Ɗauka Gida

Don haka, wataƙila yanzu kun fahimci cewa tsarin endocrine da muka yi magana a kai a yau tsari ne mai matuƙar muhimmanci da rikitarwa a jikinmu.

Ta hanyar aika sinadarai da ake kira hormones, wannan tsarin yana sarrafa abubuwa da yawa a jikinmu - komai daga girma zuwa motsin rai, daga samar da makamashi zuwa haihuwa.

Glandan da ke cikin wannan tsarin suna da alaƙa kuma suna aiki ta hanya mai ban mamaki. Saboda haka, kiyaye wannan tsarin lafiya yana da matuƙar muhimmanci ga lafiyarmu gaba ɗaya. Tare da daidaitaccen abinci, motsa jiki mai kyau, da kuma shawarwarin likita a kan lokaci, za mu iya kare wannan ƙaramin tsarin amma mai ƙarfi. Idan kai ko ɗanka kuna da wata shakka ko matsala game da wannan, kada ku yi jinkirin yin magana da likita.