Wani lokaci hankalinmu yana damun wani abu ko wani, ko ba haka ba? Wasu matsaloli suna da wahalar magancewa da kanmu. A lokacin ne muke buƙatar taimakon likitan halayyar ɗan adam. Amma wanene wannan masanin ilimin halayyar ɗan adam? Me suke yi? Bari mu yi magana game da duk wannan a yau.
Wanene masanin ilimin halayyar ɗan adam?
A taƙaice dai, masanin ilimin halayyar ɗan adam mutum ne wanda ya yi nazarin ɗabi'un ɗan adam, tunani, da kuma yadda suke ji. Suna da digiri na gaba a fannin. Yawancin masana ilimin halayyar ɗan adam suna da horo na ƙwararru da ƙwarewar asibiti da ake buƙata don tantancewa da kuma magance lafiyar kwakwalwarka.
Yaya suke kula da kai? Galibi ta hanyar maganin magana (wanda kuma aka sani da "Psychotherapy" ko "Maganar Magana") da kuma kimantawa da gwaji kan tunanin mutum. Suna taimaka maka ka magance matsalolin da kake fuskanta a rayuwarka yadda ya kamata da kuma cikin farin ciki , matsalolin da kake fuskanta da dangantaka, da kuma wasu yanayi daban-daban na lafiyar kwakwalwa.
To wanene wannan 'Masanin Ilimin Halayyar Dan Adam'?
Ilimin halayyar ɗan adam na asibiti wani reshe ne na musamman na ilimin halayyar ɗan adam. A cikin wannan, masanin ilimin halayyar ɗan adam na asibiti yana da cikakken ilimi game da ilimin halayyar ɗan adam da sauran fannoni masu alaƙa.
Suna taimaka wa mutane na kowane zamani, daga ƙananan yara zuwa manya, daga al'adu daban-daban, har ma da waɗanda ke da matsalolin lafiyar kwakwalwa mafi tsanani . Masanin ilimin halayyar ɗan adam yana da horo na musamman don samar da cikakken kulawar tunani da ɗabi'a ga daidaikun mutane da iyalai. Yawanci suna aiki a:
- Makarantu
- Asibitoci da asibitoci
- Cibiyoyin ba da shawara
- Ƙungiyoyin al'umma
Mene ne bambanci tsakanin Masanin Ilimin Halayyar Dan Adam da Masanin Ilimin Halayyar Dan Adam?
Duk da cewa akwai kamanceceniya da yawa tsakanin waɗannan sana'o'i biyu, akwai wasu bambance-bambance. Babban abu shi ne cewa masanin ilimin halayyar ɗan adam na asibiti ya fi mai da hankali kan ilimin halayyar ɗan adam. A taƙaice dai, bincike ne mai zurfi kan cututtukan kwakwalwa da yanayinsu.
A gefe guda kuma, ƙwararren masanin ilimin halayyar ɗan adam (Counseling Psychologist) yana taimaka wa mutane su magance matsalolin motsin rai, zamantakewa, da kuma wasu lokutan a rayuwarsu.
A wata ma'anar, likitan ilimin halayyar ɗan adam yana taimakawa wajen magance matsalolin lafiyar kwakwalwa masu sarkakiya ko masu tsanani fiye da likitan ilimin halayyar ɗan adam ko masanin ilimin halayyar ɗan adam. Duk da haka, wasu ƙwararru sun ce babu buƙatar su biyun su sami sunaye daban-daban, domin aikin yana da kama da juna.
Shin Likita Mai Ilimin Halayyar Dan Adam Likita ne?
Wannan tambaya ce da mutane da yawa ke yi. Duk da kalmar "na asibiti" da aka ambata a cikin sunansu, masanin ilimin halayyar ɗan adam ba likita ba ne. Wannan yana nufin cewa yawanci ba za su iya yin odar gwaje-gwajen jini, gwaje-gwajen hoto kamar X-ray ko MRI scans ba. Haka kuma yawanci ba za su iya rubuta magunguna ba.
Masanin ilimin halayyar ɗan adam yana da digirin digirgir - ko dai digirin digirgir (Doctor of Philosophy) ko kuma digirin PsyD (Doctor of Psychology) - amma ba shi da digirin digirgir na likitanci (kamar MD ko DO).
Mene ne bambanci tsakanin masanin ilimin halayyar ɗan adam da masanin ilimin halayyar ɗan adam?
Nan ne mutane da yawa ke makale. Bari mu fahimce shi cikin sauƙi.
Likitan tabin hankali likita ne. Wato, likita. Zai iya gano cututtukan kwakwalwa da kuma magance su. Mafi mahimmanci, likitan tabin hankali zai iya rubuta magunguna da kuma samar da wasu magunguna na likita (misali, wasu magunguna na musamman).
A gefe guda kuma, masanin ilimin halayyar ɗan adam yana da digirin digirgir (PhD ko PsyD). Suna da ƙwarewa da ilimi mai zurfi a binciken halayyar ɗan adam ko aikin asibiti. Masana ilimin halayyar ɗan adam suna magance matsalolin lafiyar kwakwalwa galibi ta hanyar maganin magana (Psychotherapy ko Talk Therapy). Masanin ilimin halayyar ɗan adam yawanci ba zai iya rubuta magani ba.
Likitocin tabin hankali gabaɗaya suna magance matsalolin lafiyar kwakwalwa masu rikitarwa fiye da masana ilimin halayyar ɗan adam, musamman waɗanda ke buƙatar magani ko wasu hanyoyin magani .
A wata ma'anar, ilimin halayyar ɗan adam shine nazarin tunani, motsin rai, da hali. Ilimin halin ɗan adam fanni ne na magani wanda ke gano cututtukan kwakwalwa da kuma magance su.
Mene ne bambanci tsakanin masanin ilimin halayyar ɗan adam da mai ba da shawara?
Mai ba da shawara (wani lokacin ana kiransa mai ilimin hanyoyin kwantar da hankali) mutum ne wanda ke da digiri na biyu a fannin da ya shafi lafiyar kwakwalwa, kamar ilimin halayyar ɗan adam, ilimin hanyoyin kwantar da hankali, ko kuma ba da shawara ga aure ko iyali. Mai ba da shawara ya cancanci ya tantance lafiyar kwakwalwar mutum da kuma amfani da dabarun magani, kamar maganin magana.
Duk da haka, masanin ilimin halayyar ɗan adam yana da digirin doctorate (PhD ko PsyD) kuma yana da ƙwarewa mai zurfi a binciken ilimin halayyar ɗan adam ko aikin asibiti. A taƙaice dai, cancantar ilimi da horon masanin ilimin halayyar ɗan adam suna kan matsayi mafi girma fiye da mai ba da shawara.
Me masanin ilimin halayyar ɗan adam yake yi?
Masana ilimin halayyar ɗan adam suna taimaka wa mutane da yawa.Suna kuma iya magance matsaloli daban-daban na ɗabi'a da lafiyar kwakwalwa, da kuma taimakawa wajen magance matsalolin rayuwa na yau da kullun da matsalolin dangantaka.
Ka yi la'akari da wannan: Wasu mutane suna zuwa wurin likitan ilimin halayyar ɗan adam don matsalolin da suka daɗe kamar baƙin ciki, damuwa, ko ƙarancin kwarin gwiwa . Wasu kuma suna zuwa wurin likitan ilimin halayyar ɗan adam don neman taimako game da wata matsala ta ɗan gajeren lokaci. Misali, suna iya fuskantar matsala da sabon aiki, ko kuma suna iya fama da wani ɗan iyali, aboki, ko ƙaunatacce.
Masana ilimin halayyar ɗan adam galibi suna shiga cikin kula da mutanen da ke fama da wasu cututtukan jiki. Misali, suna taimaka wa mutanen da ke fama da rashin barci, ciwon kai na yau da kullun, matsalolin cin abinci, ko cututtuka na yau da kullun kamar ciwon suga ko ciwon daji don magance yanayin su da kuma rayuwa mai ƙarfi ta hankali .
Masana ilimin halayyar ɗan adam za su iya yin gwaje-gwaje da kimantawa iri-iri . Waɗannan na iya taimakawa wajen gano yanayin kwakwalwa ko kuma ƙarin koyo game da yadda mutum yake tunani, ji, da kuma halayensa. Waɗannan gwaje-gwajen na iya duba abubuwa kamar:
- Kwarewar hankali.
- Ƙarfi da raunin fahimta (tunani da tunani).
- Fifikon sana'a (wato irin aikin da kake so kuma kake dacewa da shi - 'Fifikon sana'a').
- Halayen halaye.
Masana ilimin halayyar ɗan adam suna amfani da hanyoyi daban-daban na magance matsalolin da suka shafi shaida don inganta rayuwar mutane. Mafi yawan nau'in maganin da suke amfani da shi shine maganin magana (wanda kuma aka sani da maganin tabin hankali ko maganin magana). Wannan ya ƙunshi yin magana game da yadda kake ji, tunaninka, da halayenka, fahimtar su, da kuma gina dangantaka mai aminci tsakaninka da masanin ilimin halayyar ɗan adam don taimaka maka ka yi canje-canjen da kake buƙata don ci gaba a rayuwarka.
Wasu daga cikin magungunan da ake amfani da su a yau da kullum sune:
- Maganin Halayyar Fahimta (`Maganin Halayyar Fahimta - CBT`)
- Maganin Halayyar Magana (DBT)
- Maganin Jin Daɗin Kai
- Ilimin ɗan adam
- Ilimin Halayyar Dan Adam
Waɗannan jiyya na iya zama na daidaikun mutane, ma'aurata, ko iyalai. Masanin ilimin halayyar ɗan adam zai yi aiki tare da ku don zaɓar maganin da ya fi dacewa da buƙatunku da burinku.
Wasu mutane suna ganin cewa haɗa maganin magana da magani ya fi dacewa da lafiyar kwakwalwarsu. Idan haka ne a gare ku, likitan halayyar ɗan adam zai yi aiki tare da likitan iyali ko likitan tabin hankali don ƙirƙirar cikakken tsarin magani a gare ku.
Shin likitan ilimin halayyar ɗan adam zai iya rubuta magani?
Wannan ma batu ne mai muhimmanci. Gabaɗaya, likitan ilimin halayyar ɗan adam a Sri Lanka ba zai iya rubuta magani ba.
Duk da haka, a wasu ƙasashe a duniya, misali, a jihohi da dama a Amurka (kamar New Mexico, Louisiana, Illinois, Iowa, da Idaho), masu lasisin ilimin halayyar ɗan adam waɗanda suka sami ƙarin horo na musamman an ba su izinin yin jerin magunguna kaɗan don taimakawa tare da wasu yanayi na tunani kamar baƙin ciki da damuwa. Duk da haka, ya kamata a lura cewa a halin yanzu ba a ba wa masana ilimin halayyar ɗan adam izinin rubuta magunguna a Sri Lanka ba. Don haka, kuna buƙatar ganin likitan ilimin halayyar ɗan adam.
Wadanne irin abubuwa ne za ku iya samu taimako daga likitan ilimin halayyar dan adam?
Likitan ilimin halayyar ɗan adam zai iya magance nau'ikan matsalolin lafiyar kwakwalwa da na hali, da kuma taimaka maka ka shawo kan matsaloli daban-daban na rayuwa. Waɗannan matsalolin na iya zama na ɗan gajeren lokaci ko na dogon lokaci . Misali, za ka iya neman taimako daga likitan ilimin halayyar ɗan adam don abubuwa kamar:
- Matsalar Amfani da Barasa da sauran matsalolin amfani da miyagun ƙwayoyi.
- Matsalolin fushi.
- Damuwa.
- Rashin Lafiyar Jiki.
- Jure wa rashin lafiya da aka gano kwanan nan ko kuma rayuwa da rashin lafiya mai ɗorewa kamar ciwon suga ko ciwon gaɓɓai.
- Damuwa.
- Matsalolin cin abinci (misali, cin abinci kaɗan ko yawa).
- Matsalolin iyali da dangantaka (misali, matsaloli da iyaye, mata da miji, da yara).
- Matsalar Caca.
- Matsalar Tara Kuɗi.
- Baƙin ciki da asara ('Baƙin ciki da asara') shine abin da ke faruwa na mutuwar ƙaunatacce ko kuma asarar wani abu mai mahimmanci.
- Matsaloli kamar raguwar inganci da kuma rashin sha'awar aiki ko aikin makaranta.
- Kiba da matsalolin lafiyar kwakwalwa da suka shafi hakan.
- Jin zafi mai tsawo ba tare da wani dalili na zahiri ba.
- Ciwon Damuwa Bayan Tashin Hankali (PTSD) cuta ce ta kwakwalwa da ke faruwa bayan wani mummunan lamari na rauni.
- Baƙin ciki bayan haihuwa yana faruwa a wasu uwaye bayan haihuwa.
- Matsalolin barci.
- Gudanar da damuwa.
- Rashin kwarin gwiwa, jin kunya.
- Phobia (tsoron abubuwa ko yanayi daban-daban).
- Taimaka wajen daina munanan halaye (misali, yawan cizon farce, shan taba, da sauransu).
- Fuskantar munanan abubuwan da suka faru na rauni (trauma).
Ko da yake wani lokacin yana iya zama da wahala a nemi taimako game da matsalolin tunani da ɗabi'a, yana da mahimmanci a yi hakan. Matsalolin lafiyar kwakwalwa suna da yawa. Lafiyar kwakwalwarka da ta motsin zuciyarka suna da mahimmanci kamar lafiyar jikinka.
Yadda ake zama masanin ilimin halayyar ɗan adam?
Zama ƙwararren masanin ilimin halayyar ɗan adam ba tafiya ce mai sauƙi ba. Yana buƙatar sadaukarwa da lokaci mai yawa. Yawanci, kuna buƙatar kammala waɗannan matakan:
- Da farko, kana buƙatar samun digiri na shekaru huɗu (`Digiri na farko`) daga jami'a.
- Bayan haka, kuna buƙatar yin karatu don digiri na biyu (`Makarantar Digiri na biyu`) na kimanin shekaru huɗu zuwa shida. Wannan shine abin da ke haifar da 'Digiri na uku' - wato, digiri na uku na 'PhD - Doctor of Philosophy' a fannin ilimin halayyar ɗan adam ko digiri na uku na 'PsyD - Doctor of Psychology'.
- A lokacin karatun digiri na biyu, dole ne ka kammala aikin horo na cikakken lokaci na shekara ɗaya.
- Bugu da ƙari, dole ne ka ci jarrabawar matakin ƙasa da ƙarin jarrabawa bisa ga dokoki da ƙa'idodi na ƙasar/jihar da kake son yin hidima.
A ƙasashe da yawa, likitan ilimin halayyar ɗan adam dole ne ya kammala aikin sa ido na tsawon shekara guda a ƙarƙashin ƙwararren masanin ilimin halayyar ɗan adam kafin ya sami lasisi. Da yawa daga cikinsu suna neman tallafin karatu bayan digiri na uku don haɓaka ƙwarewa a fannin ilimin halayyar ɗan adam da suka zaɓa.
Masu lasisin ilimin halayyar ɗan adam dole ne su ci gaba da samun sabbin ci gaba a fanninsu, sabbin bincike, da sabbin magunguna. Shi ya sa suke shiga cikin shirye-shiryen ci gaba da ilimi (`Ci gaba da Ilimi`) - wato, tarurrukan karawa juna sani, bincike, da ƙarin azuzuwan - kowace shekara a duk tsawon ayyukansu.
Tsawon wane lokaci ake ɗauka kafin a zama masanin ilimin halayyar ɗan adam?
Yawanci, yana iya ɗaukar daga shekaru 8 zuwa 12 ko fiye kafin a zama ƙwararren masanin ilimin halayyar ɗan adam mai lasisi. Wannan ya dogara da yadda kake kammala digirin farko ko digiri na uku cikin sauri. Wannan lokacin na iya bambanta, domin za ka buƙaci kammala cikakken horon aiki, wanda aka ambata a sama, kuma wataƙila wata shekara ta aikin da aka sa ido a kai, ya danganta da yankin da kake fatan yin aiki a ciki.
Mene ne ƙananan ƙwarewa a fannin ilimin halayyar ɗan adam?
Ilimin halin dan Adam fanni ne mai faɗi sosai. Haka kuma yana da ƙwarewa da yawa. Wato, masana halayyar ɗan adam za su iya yin nazarin wani fanni na musamman da zurfi kuma su zama ƙwararru a wannan fanni. Wasu misalai sune:
- Ilimin halayyar yara - Game da ci gaban tunani da matsalolin yara.
- Ilimin halin ɗan adam na asibiti - ganewar asali da maganin cututtukan kwakwalwa.
- Shawarwari kan ilimin halayyar ɗan adam - taimaka wa mutane su magance matsalolin rayuwa da damuwa.
- Kimiyyar kwakwalwa da ilimin halayyar fahimta - game da yadda mutane ke tunani, koyo, da tunawa.
- Ilimin halayyar ci gaba - Game da yadda mutane ke canzawa a tsawon rayuwa.
- Ilimin halin ɗan adam na gwaji - Nazarin ra'ayoyin ilimin halin ɗan adam ta hanyar bincike.
- Ilimin halin dan Adam na shari'a da na jama'a - Amfani da ilimin halin dan Adam ga doka da laifuka.
- Ilimin halin dan Adam na Lafiya - Yadda lafiyar kwakwalwa ke shafar lafiyar jiki.
- Ilimin halin gyara jiki - taimaka wa mutanen da ke da nakasa ko rashin lafiya su murmure.
- Ilimin halayyar wasanni da aiki - yana taimakawa wajen inganta aikin 'yan wasa da sauransu.
A ƙarshe, ku tuna da wannan.
Yana iya zama da wahala a yarda da neman taimako idan kana da matsalar lafiyar kwakwalwa, damuwa, ko kuma matsalar motsin rai. Amma yin hakan yana da mahimmanci ga lafiyar kwakwalwarka da farin cikin rayuwa. Likitan ilimin halayyar dan adam zai iya taimaka maka ka fahimci abubuwan da ke hana ka rayuwa mai cike da lafiya, kuma ya ba ka ƙarfin shawo kansu da kuma fuskantar su.
Kwararru ne a fanninsu. Suna da kyakkyawar fahimtar sabbin bincike da magunguna da za su iya taimaka muku. Likitan ilimin halayyar ɗan adam zai yi aiki tare da ku don ƙirƙirar tsarin magani wanda ya dace da ku. Don haka, kada ku ji tsoro, kada ku yi jinkiri, ku yi magana game da abin da ke zuciyarku, kuma ku nemi taimako. Ba kai kaɗai ba ne.
` Masanin ilimin halayyar ɗan adam, Lafiyar Hankali, Shawara, Maganin tabin hankali, Maganin magana, Likitan tabin hankali
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