Shin kun taɓa yin mamakin yadda abincin da muke ci yake canzawa zuwa kuzari, abin da ke faruwa da jikinmu lokacin da muke numfashi, ko kuma wane irin yaƙi ne ke faruwa a cikin jikinmu lokacin da muka yi rashin lafiya? Ilimin halittar jiki, ko kuma kimiyyar aikin jiki , ita ce kimiyyar da ke amsa duk waɗannan tambayoyin kuma ta koya mana yadda wannan na'ura mai ban mamaki da ake kira jikinmu ke aiki.
A taƙaice dai, menene ilimin halittar jiki (Physiology)?
A taƙaice dai, ilimin halittar jiki (physiology) fanni ne na kimiyya da ke taimaka mana mu fahimci yadda jikinmu ke aiki, a lokacin da muke cikin koshin lafiya da kuma lokacin da muke rashin lafiya. Yana kama da sinadaran da kimiyyar halittar jikinmu ke amfani da su. Yana rufe komai tun daga ƙaramin matakin barbashi har zuwa yadda dukkan tsarin gabobin jiki ke aiki tare.
Wannan ilimin yana taimaka mana mu fahimci yadda jiki ke aiki idan yana da lafiya da kuma abin da ke faruwa idan yana rashin lafiya. Yawancin binciken da ake yi a fannin ilimin halittar jiki yana faruwa ne a dakunan gwaje-gwaje. Yayin da wasu masana kimiyya ke nazarin furotin ko tantanin halitta guda ɗaya, wasu kuma suna binciken yadda tantanin halitta ke haɗuwa don samar da kyallen takarda, gabobi, da tsarin jiki.
Mene ne bambanci tsakanin Anatomy da Physiology?
Wannan abu ne mai sauƙi. Ka yi tunani a kai, Ilimin Halitta yana koyo game da sassan jikinmu, ko tsarinsu. Kamar koyon injin, tayoyi, da ƙofofin mota ne.
Ilimin halittar jiki (Physology) nazarin yadda waɗannan sassan ke aiki ne . Wato, yadda injin mota ke tashi, yadda tayoyin ke juyawa, da kuma yadda birki ke aiki.
A fannin likitanci, hoton X-ray ko na'urar daukar hoton ultrasound yana nuna mana yanayin jikinka. Wato, hotunan abubuwa kamar ƙashi da jijiyoyin jini. Amma don sanin ilimin halittar jikinka, wato, yadda yake aiki, likita yana amfani da abubuwa kamar gwajin fitsari , gwajin jini , ko gwajin ECG .
Abin da ke faruwa da jiki lokacin da rashin lafiya ya faru (Pathophysiology)
Ilimin halittar jiki wani reshe ne na ilimin halittar jiki wanda ke nazarin yadda canje-canje a cikin aikin jiki ke faruwa sakamakon cuta ko rauni. Wato, yana nazarin abin da ke faruwa a cikin jiki lokacin da wata cuta ta faru.
Ga wasu misalai:
- Kaikayi idan sauro ya cije shi: Ka yi tunanin karce wurin idan sauro ya cije shi, ko ba haka ba? Dalilin haka shi ne akwai wani sinadari mai suna `(Histamine)` a cikin yashin sauro. Lokacin da wannan ya haɗu da ƙarshen jijiyoyi a fatar jikinmu, waɗannan jijiyoyi suna aika sigina zuwa kwakwalwa suna cewa "karce nan". Shin ka ga tsarin kimiyya da ke bayan wannan ƙaramin abu?
- Matsalar Zuciya : Idan mutum yana da hawan jini mara tsari, zuciyarsa dole ta yi aiki tukuru fiye da yadda aka saba don ta fitar da jini a ko'ina cikin jiki. Bayan lokaci, wannan nau'in ciwon zai iya raunana tsokar zuciya kuma ya sa ta kasa yin aiki yadda ya kamata.
- Rashin Koda: Kodanmu kamar matattara ne guda biyu. Suna tace sharar gida da ƙarin ruwa daga jini sannan su fitar da su kamar fitsari. Amma idan koda suka daina aiki, waɗannan gubar za su fara taruwa a jiki maimakon a fitar da su. Wannan yana haifar da wata mummunar cuta da ake kira "Ƙarshen cutar koda".
- Ciwon Suga: A wasu nau'ikan ciwon suga, pancreas ɗinmu yana daina samar da sinadarin insulin da jikinmu ke buƙata. Idan ba tare da insulin ba, sukarin da ke cikin abincin da muke ci yana taruwa a cikin jini maimakon amfani da shi don samar da makamashi. Wannan na iya lalata wasu manyan gabobin jiki, kamar zuciya da koda.
Ilimin halittar jiki yana taimaka mana mu fahimci hanyoyin da ke bayan yawancin waɗannan cututtuka.
Manyan tsarin jikinmu da kuma ilimin halittar jiki
Ilimin halittar jiki yana ba mu damar koyo game da kusan kowace tsarin jiki. Likitoci suna amfani da wannan ilimin don yanke shawara game da cututtukanmu.
| Tsarin jiki (Tsarin) | Aiki Mai Sauƙi |
|---|---|
| Tsarin zuciya da jijiyoyin jini | Jini yana gudana ta cikin zuciya da jijiyoyin jini. |
| Tsarin narkewar abinci | Narkewa da kuma shan abubuwan gina jiki. |
| Tsarin endocrine | Sarrafa ayyukan jiki ta hanyar samar da hormones. |
| Tsarin garkuwar jiki | Yaƙi da ƙwayoyin cuta da cututtuka. |
| Tsarin tsoka | Taimaka wa jiki ya motsa. |
| Tsarin jijiyoyi | Musayar saƙonni ta cikin kwakwalwa, ƙashin baya, da jijiyoyi. |
| Tsarin koda | Koda yana sarrafa ruwan jiki da sharar gida. |
| Tsarin haihuwa | Gabobin jima'i don haihuwa. |
| Tsarin Numfashi | Numfashi ta huhu da hanyoyin iska. |
| Tsarin kwarangwal | Kasusuwa da haɗin gwiwa suna ba da siffa da tallafi ga jiki. |
Daidaiton Jiki (Homeostasis)
Ɗaya daga cikin mahimman ra'ayoyi da za mu iya fahimta a fannin ilimin halittar jiki shine homeostasis . A taƙaice dai, wannan shine ƙoƙarin da jikinmu ke yi don kiyaye daidaito mai dorewa a cikin yanayin cikinsa , don mayar da martani ga canje-canje a cikin yanayin waje.
Ka yi tunani a kai, ko muna cikin rana ko a cikin sanyi, zafin jikinmu koyaushe yana kan matakin ɗaya (kusan 37°C). Haka kuma, ko da wane irin abinci muke ci, jikinmu koyaushe yana ƙoƙarin kiyaye abubuwa kamar sukari da gishirin jininmu a cikin wani takamaiman iyaka. Wannan tsari ana kiransa "Homeostasis". Idan wannan ya lalace, muna kamuwa da cututtuka.
Saƙon Ɗauka Gida
- Ilimin halittar jiki shine kimiyyar da ke koya mana yadda jikinmu da tsarin gabobinsu ke aiki. Kamar littafin "yadda jiki ke aiki" ne.
- Ilimin halittar jiki shine nazarin sassan jiki (tsari), yayin da ilimin halittar jiki shine nazarin yadda waɗannan sassan ke aiki (aiki).
- Ilimin halittar jiki yana taimaka mana mu fahimci abin da ke faruwa a cikin jikinmu, duka lokacin da suke da lafiya da kuma lokacin da suke rashin lafiya.
- Likitan ku yana amfani da wannan ilimin ilimin halittar jiki sosai don gano cututtuka da kuma magance su.
- Sanin wannan tsari mai ban mamaki da ke faruwa a cikin jikinmu yana taimaka mana mu kula da lafiyarmu sosai.
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