Ua ʻike anei ʻoe i kou ʻano koko? E kamaʻilio maʻalahi kākou e pili ana i ia mea!

Loaʻa iā kākou āpau ko kākou ʻano koko ponoʻī. E like me ko kākou mau manamana lima. Ua ʻike paha ʻoe i kou ʻano koko. ʻAʻole paha. Eia nō naʻe, he mea nui loa ka hoʻomaopopo ʻana i ke ʻano o kēia mau ʻano koko a me ke kumu o ko lākou koʻikoʻi. No ka mea, he mea kēia e pili pono ana i ko kākou olakino .

He aha kēia mau ʻano koko?

I ka ʻōlelo maʻalahi, ʻokoʻa iki ko kākou koko kekahi i kekahi. ʻO kēia mau ʻokoʻa ka mea e hoʻoholo ai i ko kākou mau ʻano koko. Ua lohe paha ʻoe i ka poʻe e ʻōlelo ana, "ʻO koʻu ʻano koko he B maikaʻi" a i ʻole "ʻO koʻu ʻano koko he O maikaʻi ʻole." ʻO ia wale nō. ʻEhā mau ʻano koko nui. ʻO lākou:

• ʻAno koko A (A)
• ʻAno koko B (B)
• ʻAno koko AB
• ʻAno koko ʻO

Hoʻoholo ʻia kēlā me kēia ʻano e nā māka kemika liʻiliʻi ma ka ʻili o ko kākou mau hunaola koko ʻulaʻula. E noʻonoʻo e like me nā hae kala. Hōʻike mai nā kala o kēia mau hae iā kākou i ke ʻano o ko kākou koko.

No ke aha i ʻokoʻa ai kēia mau ʻano koko? ʻO ka moʻolelo o kēlā mau hunaola koko ʻulaʻula!

ʻAe, e nānā kākou i ke kumu i māhele ʻia ai kēia mau ʻano koko i A, B, O, a me AB. Ua like ko kākou mau hunaola koko ʻulaʻula me nā koa liʻiliʻi e lawe ana i ka oxygen ma ke kino holoʻokoʻa. Loaʻa i kēia mau koa nā "māka" kūikawā a i ʻole "mau hōʻailona" ma ko lākou "ʻaʻahu" a i ʻole nā ​​ʻili. I ka lāʻau lapaʻau, kapa mākou i kēia mau mea ʻo `(Antigens)` . ʻElua ʻano o `(Antigens)` e hoʻopilikia nui ana i kēia ʻōnaehana ʻano koko ABO: A `(Antigen)` a me B `(Antigen)`.

• ʻAno koko A: Inā loaʻa i kou mau hunaola koko ʻulaʻula ka antigen A wale nō, a laila ʻo kou ʻano koko ʻo A.
• ʻAno koko B: Inā loaʻa i kou mau hunaola koko ʻulaʻula ka antigen B wale nō, a laila ʻo kou ʻano koko ʻo B.
• ʻAno koko AB: Inā loaʻa i kou mau hunaola koko ʻulaʻula nā antigens A a me B, a laila ʻo kou ʻano koko ʻo AB. Loaʻa i kēia poʻe nā antigens ʻelua ma ko lākou mau hunaola koko ʻulaʻula.
• ʻAno koko O: Inā ʻaʻohe antigens A a i ʻole B i loko o kou mau hunaola koko ʻulaʻula, a laila ʻo O kou ʻano koko. ʻO O ke ʻano he "zero," ʻo ia hoʻi, ʻaʻohe ona antigens kikoʻī.

Ma waho aʻe o kēia mau `(Antigens)`, aia kekahi mea kūikawā i loko o ko kākou koko, ʻo ia hoʻi, `(Plasma)`. ʻO ia hoʻi nā `( Antibodies )` . Ua like kēia me nā koa palekana e hana kūʻē ana i kēlā mau `(Antigens)`. ʻO kēia mau `(Antibodies)` nā mea e hakakā ana i ke ʻano koko kūpono ʻole inā komo ia i loko o ke kino.

• ʻO ka poʻe me ke ʻano koko A he "Antibodies" (Anti-B) ko lākou e kūʻē i ka "Antigen" (B). ʻO ke ʻano kēia, ʻaʻole kūpono ke ʻano koko B me lākou.
• ʻO ka poʻe me ke ʻano koko B he mau "Antibodies" (Anti-A) ko lākou e kūʻē i ka "Antigen" A. ʻO ke ʻano kēia, ʻaʻole kūpono ke ʻano koko A me lākou.
• ʻAno koko ABʻAʻohe "Antibodies" a ka poʻe e kūʻē i kēia mau "Antigens". No laila, hiki iā lākou ke loaʻa nā hunaola koko ʻulaʻula mai kekahi ʻano (me ka Rh factor) A, B, AB, O (e kamaʻilio mākou e pili ana i kēia ma hope iki).
• Loaʻa i ka poʻe me ke koko ʻano O nā antibodies (Anti-A a me Anti-B) e kūʻē i nā ʻano koko A a me B. No laila, hiki iā lākou ke loaʻa i ke koko ʻano O wale nō.

He mea nui loa kēia mea `(Antigens)` a me `(Antibodies)` i ka wā e hāʻawi koko ai a loaʻa ke koko. E kamaʻilio mākou e pili ana i kēlā ma hope iki.

He aha kēlā mea (+) maikaʻi, (-) maikaʻi ʻole? (Rh Factor)

I kēia manawa, ua lohe paha ʻoe i nā mea e like me A maikaʻi (A+), B maikaʻi ʻole (B-). Ma waho aʻe o A, B, AB, O, aia kekahi ʻāpana liʻiliʻi i hoʻohui ʻia. ʻO ia hoʻi inā he maikaʻi (+) a maikaʻi ʻole paha (-). Kāhea mākou i kēia ʻo ka Rh factor `(Rh Factor)` . ʻO kēia kekahi ʻano `(Antigen)` ma luna o ka ʻili o nā ʻulaʻula koko. Ua kapa ʻia kēia `(Antigen)` ʻo ka D `(Antigen)` (RhD antigen).

• Inā loaʻa kēia D `(Antigen)` ma kou mau ʻulaʻula koko, he Rh maikaʻi ʻoe. Hōʻike mākou iā ia me kahi hōʻailona (+). ʻO ka hapa nui o ka poʻe ma Sri Lanka he Rh maikaʻi.
• Inā ʻaʻohe ou D `(Antigen)` ma kou mau ʻulaʻula koko, he Rh maikaʻi ʻole ʻoe. Hōʻike mākou i kēlā me kahi hōʻailona (-). He kakaikahi ka poʻe Rh maikaʻi ʻole.

No laila, i kēia manawa, i ka wā e hui pū ʻia ai nā ʻano koko ABO i ʻōlelo ʻia ma mua me kēia moʻolelo Rh, ua hoʻokumu ʻia ke ʻano koko piha. Eia kekahi laʻana:

• He Maikaʻi (A+)
• He Maikaʻi ʻole (A-)
• B Maikaʻi (B+)
• B Maikaʻi ʻole (B-)
• AB maikaʻi (AB+)
• AB Maikaʻi ʻole (AB-)
• ʻO maikaʻi (O+)
• ʻO maikaʻi ʻole (O-)

Ua maopopo iā ʻoe i kēia manawa? Me he mea lā he mea paʻakikī iki, akā he mea maʻalahi loa ia. ʻO kēia mau ʻōnaehana ʻelua, ʻo ABO a me Rh, nā mea nui loa i ka wā e hāʻawi ai i ke koko.

No ke aha he mea nui e ʻike i ko mākou ʻano koko?

ʻAe, ke noʻonoʻo nei paha ʻoe, "No ke aha wau e makemake ai e ʻike i koʻu ʻano koko?" He nīnau koʻikoʻi loa ia. Nui nā kumu.

1. Hoʻoili koko i ka wā pilikia

Manaʻo paha ʻoe, "Auē kuʻu Akua, ʻaʻole pono kēia e hana," akā inā loaʻa iā ʻoe kahi ulia a nalowale ke koko he nui, a inā pono ʻoe e hana i kahi ʻoki kino nui, pono paha ʻoe e hāʻawi i ke koko hou. I kēlā mau hihia, pono ʻoe e hāʻawi i ke ʻano koko kūpono . ʻIke anei ʻoe i ke aha? Inā hāʻawi ʻoe i ke ʻano koko hewa, e ʻike kou kino i nā hunaola koko hou he "ʻenemi" a hoʻomaka e hoʻouka iā lākou. Ua kapa ʻia kēia he hopena hoʻoili koko . Hiki ke lilo i mea weliweli loa kēia, i kekahi manawa e hōʻeha ai i ka hāʻule ʻana o nā puʻupaʻa, ka paʻakikī o ka hanu ʻana, a i ʻole ka make. I ka pololei, ua like ia me ke kaua ikaika ma waena o nā "Antigens" a me nā "Antibodies" i ʻōlelo ʻia ma mua i loko o kou kino. ʻO ia ke kumu he mea nui i nā kauka ke ʻike pololei i kou ʻano koko.

2. I ka wā hāpai

He mea nui loa kēia no nā wāhine. Inā he Rh maikaʻi ʻole ka makuahine a he Rh maikaʻi ka pēpē i loko o ka ʻōpū (hiki ke hoʻoholo ʻia kēia e ke ʻano koko o ka makuakāne), hiki ke loaʻa kekahi mau pilikia. ʻOiai ʻaʻohe pilikia nui o ka pēpē mua, i ka wā hānau, hiki i kekahi o nā hunaola koko ʻulaʻula o ka pēpē ke hui pū me ke koko o ka makuahine. A laila hoʻomohala ke kino o ka makuahine i nā "Antibodies" e kūʻē i kēlā "Antigen" Rh maikaʻi. I kēia manawa, inā he Rh maikaʻi hoʻi ka lua o ka pēpē, hiki i nā "Antibodies" i hana mua ʻia i loko o ke kino o ka makuahine ke hōʻino i nā hunaola koko ʻulaʻula o ka pēpē. Ua kapa ʻia kēia he Rh incompatibility . Hiki i kēia ke hana i nā pilikia e like me ka anemia a me ka jaundice i loko o ka pēpē. Akā, mai hopohopo, aia nā lāʻau lapaʻau maikaʻi no kēia i kēia manawa. Nānā nā kauka no kēia i ka wā hāpai a, inā pono, hāʻawi i kahi inikini i kapa ʻia ʻo Anti-D e hoʻōki i ka hoʻokumu ʻia ʻana o kēia mau antibodies. No kēia, he mea nui hoʻi e ʻike i ke ʻano koko o ka makuahine.

3. I ka wā e hāʻawi koko ai

Inā he mea hāʻawi koko ʻoe, ʻo ka ʻike ʻana i kou ʻano koko e hiki ke kōkua iā ʻoe e hoʻomaopopo i ka mea hiki iā ʻoe ke kōkua. Kōkua nō hoʻi ia i nā waihona koko e hāʻawi i ke koko i nā poʻe maʻi e pono ai nā ʻano like ʻole.

Aia kekahi ʻano koko e hiki i kekahi ke hāʻawi aku i ka wā pilikia? (Universal Donor)

ʻAe, aia kekahi ʻano koko kūikawā. ʻO ia ke ʻano koko O maikaʻi ʻole . I ka wā pilikia, inā ʻaʻohe manawa e ʻike koke ai i ke ʻano koko o ka mea maʻi, hiki i nā kauka ke hāʻawi i nā hunaola koko ʻulaʻula O maikaʻi ʻole. Ua ʻike anei ʻoe i ke kumu? No ka mea, ʻaʻohe antigens A a me B ma luna o ko lākou ʻili nā hunaola koko O maikaʻi ʻole, ʻaʻole hoʻi ka antigen Rh D. No laila, i ka wā e hoʻokomo ʻia ai kēia koko i loko o ke kino o ke kanaka me kekahi ʻano koko, ʻaʻole nui ka pane a ke kino iā ia. ʻO ia ke kumu i kapa ʻia ai ke koko O maikaʻi ʻole ʻo "Universal Donor" (ʻoi aku hoʻi no nā hunaola koko ʻulaʻula).

Akā e hoʻomanaʻo, hoʻohana pinepine ʻia kēia i nā pilikia. ʻOi aku ka palekana o ka hāʻawi ʻana i ka mea maʻi i ke ʻano koko kūpono loa (ʻo ABO a me Rh e kūpono ana) i nā manawa hiki.

Eia kekahi, hiki i ka poʻe me ke ʻano koko AB maikaʻi ke loaʻa nā hunaola koko ʻulaʻula mai kekahi ʻano koko ABO/Rh. No laila, ua kapa ʻia hoʻi ka poʻe AB maikaʻi he "mau mea loaʻa honua" (no nā hunaola koko ʻulaʻula). No ka mea, ʻaʻohe o lākou antibodies e kūʻē i nā antigens A, B, a i ʻole Rh i loko o ko lākou koko. Eia naʻe, hiki iā lākou ke hāʻawi wale i ke koko i ka poʻe AB maikaʻi.

Pehea e hoʻoholo ʻia ai ke ʻano koko? He mea anei ia a kākou e hoʻoilina ai mai ko kākou mau mākua mai?

ʻAe, pololei kēlā. Hoʻoholo ʻia ko mākou ʻano koko e nā genes a mākou e loaʻa ai mai ko mākou makuahine a me ko mākou makuakāne. E like me ke kala o ko mākou lauoho, ke kala o nā maka, a me ke kiʻekiʻe. He mea paʻakikī kēia no ka genetics, akā ma nā ʻōlelo maʻalahi, hoʻoholo ʻia kou ʻano koko e ka hui pū ʻana o hoʻokahi gene mai kou makuahine a me hoʻokahi gene mai kou makuakāne. Eia kekahi laʻana:

• Inā he ʻano koko O ko nā mākua ʻelua, e loaʻa nō hoʻi ke ʻano koko O o ke pēpē.
• Akā, ʻo ka mea ʻē aʻeI nā ʻano koko , hiki ke ʻokoʻa iki. I kekahi manawa hiki i kahi pēpē ke loaʻa kahi ʻano koko ʻokoʻa mai nā ʻano koko o ka makuahine a me ka makuakāne (no ka laʻana, inā ʻo A ka makuahine a ʻo B ka makuakāne, hiki i ka pēpē ke A, B, AB, a i ʻole O). Aia ia i ke ʻano o ka hoʻohui ʻia ʻana o nā genes.

Ma muli o kēia, i kekahi manawa hiki ke loaʻa nā ʻano koko like ʻole ma waena o nā lālā o ka ʻohana.

Pehea e ʻike pono ai au i ke ʻano o koʻu koko?

ʻO ke ala maikaʻi loa e ʻike pono ai i ke ʻano o kou koko, ʻo ia ka hana ʻana i kahi hoʻāʻo koko . Ua kapa ʻia kēia he hoʻāʻo "Blood Grouping and Rh Typing".

• Hiki iā ʻoe ke nīnau e pili ana i kēia ke hele ʻoe e ʻike i ke kauka.
• A i ʻole, inā ʻoe e hele e hāʻawi koko, e nānā pono lākou i kou ʻano koko. ʻAʻole wale ka hāʻawi koko he maʻamau maikaʻi, akā he manawa kūpono hoʻi e ʻike ai i kou ʻano koko no ka manuahi.
• Ma kekahi mau haukapila, nānā ʻia ke ʻano koko ma mua o kahi ʻoki kino , no ka laʻana.

He mea nui e ʻike i kou ʻano koko a kākau ʻia ma kekahi wahi. Mālama kekahi poʻe iā ia ma kā lākou kāleka ID a i ʻole ma kahi kāleka liʻiliʻi i loko o kā lākou ʻeke. Hiki ke lilo i mea pono loa kēia i ka wā pilikia. ʻOiai inā ʻaʻole hiki iā ʻoe ke ʻōlelo, e kōkua kēia ʻike i nā kauka.

E hoʻohui kākou i kēia kamaʻilio a e hoʻomanaʻo iā ia? (Leka Lawe-Home)

ʻAe, e nānā hou kākou i nā mea nui a kākou i kamaʻilio ai i kēia lā. He mea pono paha kēia i kou ola i kekahi lā.

• He ʻano koko ko kākou a pau. ʻEhā ʻano nui: A, B, AB, a me O.
• Eia kekahi, aia kekahi ʻano koko Rh maikaʻi (+) a i ʻole Rh maikaʻi ʻole (-) . Hoʻokumu kēia mau mea ʻelua i ke ʻano koko piha (e.g. A+, O-).
• Hoʻoholo ʻia ke ʻano koko e nā antigens ma luna o ka ʻili o nā keena koko ʻulaʻula.
• He mea nui loa ka ʻike ʻana i kou ʻano koko i ka wā e hāʻawi koko ai, e loaʻa ana ke koko ( hoʻoili koko ), e hana ʻia ana ke ʻoki kino, a i ka wā hāpai . He mea weliweli ka hāʻawi ʻana i ke ʻano koko hewa.
• Hiki ke hāʻawi ʻia ke ʻano koko ʻO maikaʻi ʻole i kekahi no nā hunaola koko ʻulaʻula i ka wā pilikia (universal donor ).
• Hiki i nā kānaka me ke ʻano koko AB maikaʻi ke loaʻa nā hunaola koko ʻulaʻula mai kekahi ʻano ( mea loaʻa honua).
• E hana i kahi hoʻāʻo koko e ʻike ai i kou ʻano koko. E kākau i lalo a mālama iā ia ma kahi palekana.

No laila, ke lana nei koʻu manaʻo e ʻike ʻoe he mea pono kēia mau ʻoiaʻiʻo e pili ana i kou ʻano koko. ʻAʻole kēia he ʻōlelo aʻoaʻo lapaʻau, akā he hoʻonui wale nō i ka ʻike maʻamau. Inā he mau nīnau kāu a makemake paha e ʻike hou aʻe e pili ana i kou ʻano koko, he manaʻo maikaʻi loa ia e kamaʻilio me ke kauka. Nā ʻAno Koko, Nā Hui Koko, ABO, Rh factor, Hāʻawi Koko, Hoʻoili Koko