Ua noʻonoʻo paha ʻoe pehea ʻoe e ʻike ai i ke ʻala o nā pua nani, ke ʻala ʻono o kāu meaʻai punahele i kuke ʻia ma ka home, a i ʻole ke ʻala lepo o ka ua ma ka lepo? Ma hope o kēia mau ʻike e waiho ana kahi ʻāpana liʻiliʻi akā koʻikoʻi o kou anatomia: ʻo ke Aʻalolo ʻOlfactory . I kēia lā, e ʻimi kākou i kēia aʻalolo kupaianaha—ke koa kaulana ʻole o kou ʻano honi.
He aha ke aʻalolo ʻala?
I ka ʻōlelo maʻalahi, ʻo kou aʻalolo honi kou aʻalolo cranial mua (Cranial Nerve I a i ʻole CN I) . ʻO ia ka mua o nā aʻalolo nui he ʻumikūmālua e puka pololei mai ana mai kou lolo. Ua manaʻo ʻia hoʻi he ʻāpana o kāu ʻōnaehana nerve autonomic , ka mea e hoʻokele i nā hana he nui i loko o kou kino.
ʻO kāna hana nui ka hāʻawi ʻana iā ʻoe i ke ʻano o ka honi. ʻO ka mea kupaianaha, ʻo ia ke aʻalolo sensory pōkole loa i loko o kou kino. Hoʻomaka ia ma ke kumu o kou lolo a hoʻolōʻihi i ka ʻāpana o luna o kou lua ihu. He mea kupaianaha maoli ke ʻano o ka hana ʻana o ia ʻano liʻiliʻi i kahi hana koʻikoʻi!
He aha ka hana nui a ke aʻalolo ʻala (CN I)?
ʻO kāna hana nui ke kōkua iā ʻoe e ʻike i nā ʻala like ʻole, mai nā mea ʻala a me nā ʻala kuke a hiki i ke ʻala o nā pua hou. Akā pehea lā e hana ai kēia?
Ke hālāwai ʻoe me kahi mea ʻala, hoʻokuʻu ia i nā molekala liʻiliʻi a ʻike ʻole ʻia i ka lewa. I kou hanu ʻana, hele kēia mau molekala ma o kou mau puka ihu. Ma ka piko o kou lua ihu, hopu nā pūnaewele kūikawā i kapa ʻia he mau mea loaʻa olfactory i kēia mau molekala. A laila hoʻouna kēia mau mea loaʻa i kahi leka ma o ke aʻalolo olfactory i kou lolo, e hōʻailona ana, "Aia kahi ʻala kikoʻī." Penei ʻoe e ʻike koke ai i ke ʻala o kahi rose a i ʻole ke ʻala ʻono o kahi ʻaina ahiahi ʻono.
Pehea ka hana o ke kaʻina hana o ka honi ʻana?
ʻAe kāu ʻōnaehana olfactory iā ʻoe e ʻike i nā ʻala ma nā ʻano nui ʻelua:
1. Ma o nā puka ihu (Orthonasal olfaction): E like me ka mea i ʻōlelo ʻia, komo nā molekala mai nā mea ʻala i loko o kou mau puka ihu a hoʻoulu i nā mea loaʻa olfactory. Hana kēia mau mea loaʻa i nā hui like ʻole, e like me ke ʻano o ka hui ʻia ʻana o nā kala mua e hana i kahi ākea ākea o nā hues.
2. Mai ke kua o ka puʻu (Retronasal olfaction): Ke nau ʻoe a moni paha i ka meaʻai, hoʻokuʻu ʻia nā molekala ʻala. Hele kēia mau mea i ke kua o kou puʻu i nā mea loaʻa olfactory i loko o kou ihu. ʻO ia ke kumu e ʻike pinepine ai ʻoe i ka ʻono piha a me ke ʻala o ka meaʻai i kou wā e ʻai ana.
ʻO ka Mucosa ʻOlfactory a me kāna Kūlana
He kuleana koʻikoʻi ko kou mucosa honi , aia ma ka piko loa o kou lua ihu. Loaʻa iā ia kekahi mau ʻano cell:
- Nā pūnaewele mea hoʻokipa ʻala: Hopu kēia mau pūnaewele i nā molekala ʻala. Loaʻa iā lākou kahi kaʻina hana dendritic e hoʻolōʻihi i loko o ka uhi ihu e ʻike i nā ʻala a me kahi kaʻina hana waena e hoʻouna i ka hōʻailona i ka lolo.
- Nā pūnaewele sustentacular: Hāʻawi kēia i ke kākoʻo kūkulu a me ka metabolic i nā ʻiʻo a puni.
- Nā pūnaewele basal: ʻO kēia nā pūnaewele kumu e kuleana no ka hoʻoulu hou ʻana i nā pūnaewele receptor olfactory a me nā pūnaewele sustentacular.
He aha ke ʻano o ke aʻalolo ʻala?
ʻAʻole e like me ka hapa nui o nā aʻalolo cranial ʻē aʻe i puka mai ka lolo, hoʻomaka pololei kāu aʻalolo olfactory mai ka cerebrum (ka ʻaoʻao o luna o ka lolo). ʻO ke aʻalolo optic wale nō (Cranial Nerve II) ke aʻalolo ʻē aʻe e hana i kēia.
Hele nā olonā o ke aʻalolo holoholo i kahi mamao pōkole i ka ʻōpuʻu holoholo . Ma mua o ka hiki ʻana i ka ʻōpuʻu, hele kēia mau olonā aʻalolo ma o kahi iwi lahilahi e like me ka huʻahuʻa i kapa ʻia ʻo ka papa cribriform , kahi e hoʻokaʻawale ai i kou lua ihu mai kou lolo.
He aha nā hōʻailona o ka pilikia o ke aʻalolo olfactory?
Hiki i nā pilikia i loko o ka ʻōnaehana olfactory ke alakaʻi i nā ʻano like ʻole:
- ʻAnosmia: Ka nalowale loa ʻana o ke ʻala .
- ʻO Dysosmia (i ʻike ʻia hoʻi ʻo Phantosmia): Ke ʻike nei i nā ʻala pilau, ʻoluʻolu ʻole, a i ʻole nā ala ʻē me ke kumu ʻole, e like me ke ʻala o ke ahi a palaho paha.
- ʻO Hyposmia: Ka emi ʻana o ka hiki ke honi , kahi e ʻike ʻia ai nā ʻala maʻamau he palupalu a palalulu paha.
- Parosmia: He ʻano ʻino o ke ʻala , kahi i ʻike hewa ʻia ai nā ʻala maʻamau—no ka laʻana, hiki i kāu meaʻai punahele ke ʻala koke e like me nā kemika a i ʻole ka mildew.
He aha nā kūlana e hiki ke hoʻopilikia i ka Olfactory Nerve?
Hiki i kekahi mau kūlana olakino a me nā kumu o waho ke hoʻopili i ka hana o kou aʻalolo olfactory:
- Nā maʻi sinus a me nā polyps ihu .
- Ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka paka (me nā cigarettes a i ʻole ka vaping).
- Ka hoʻomaʻemaʻe niho maikaʻi ʻole .
- Ka ʻike ʻia ʻana i nā mea ʻawahia o ke kaiapuni a me nā kemika e like me nā insecticides .
- Nā ʻeha poʻo koʻikoʻi, me nā haʻalulu lolo .
- ʻO kekahi mau lāʻau lapaʻau, e like me nā antibiotics kikoʻī .
- ʻO ka maʻi `SARS-CoV-2` ka mea nāna i hoʻoulu i ka COVID-19 (he mea pili paha ka hoʻāʻo ʻana i ka antibody no kekahi).
- ʻO ke kanesa poʻo a me ka ʻāʻī .
- ʻO ka maʻi diabetes mellitus .
- ʻO ka maʻi o Alzheimer .
- Nā puʻupuʻu lolo .
- ʻO ka maʻi o Parkinson .
- ʻEpilepsy .
He mea nui: E like me kāu e ʻike ai, ʻo ka nalowale a i ʻole ka emi ʻana o kou ʻala ʻala i kekahi manawa he hōʻailona ia o kahi maʻi koʻikoʻi. Inā ʻike ʻoe i kēia mau loli, he mea nui e nānā pono iā lākou.
Pehea ka hopena o COVID-19 i ko kākou ʻala?
Ua palapala maikaʻi ʻia ua nalowale ka honi o ka poʻe he nui i loaʻa i ka COVID-19. Manaʻo nā kānaka noiʻi e hiki i ka maʻi `SARS-CoV-2` ke hōʻino i nā pūnaewele kākoʻo e hoʻopuni ana i nā neurons receptor olfactory. ʻO ka nūhou maikaʻi, no ka hapa nui o nā kānaka, hoʻi hou ka ʻala, ʻoiai hiki ke hala i kekahi mau mahina. ʻO ke ahonui ke kī i ka wā e hoʻōla ai.
He aha kāu e hana ai e mālama i kou olakino ʻala?
ʻOiai aia kekahi mau kūlana e like me nā maʻi neurological a i ʻole nā pūpū ma waho o kou mana, hiki iā ʻoe ke hana i nā hana proactive e mālama i kou olakino:
- E hōʻalo i nā hana pilikia nui e hiki ai ke hōʻeha i ka lolo.
- E noho mākaukau me nā lāʻau pale COVID-19 hou loa .
- E ʻaʻahu i kahi pale maka pale i ka wā e hana ana me nā kemika a i ʻole nā wahi me nā uahi ʻino.
- E hoʻōki i nā huahana paka inā ʻoe e puhipaka a vape paha i kēia manawa.
- E mālama i ka hoʻomaʻemaʻe waha maikaʻi loa , me ka palaki ʻana i kēlā me kēia lā a me ka flossing.
- E mālama i nā kūlana olakino e like me ka maʻi diabetes me ke alakaʻi lapaʻau kūpono.
- E hoʻohana i nā mea palekana e like me nā mahiole i ka wā haʻuki e pale aku ai i nā haʻalulu.
Āhea ʻoe e ʻike ai i ke kauka?
Inā ʻike ʻoe i kekahi o kēia mau mea, e hoʻonohonoho i kahi manawa me kāu mea mālama ola kino:
- He loli mau i kou ʻike ʻana i nā ʻala .
- Ka nalowale koke ʻana o kou ʻala .
- Ke ʻike nei i nā ʻala ʻino a ʻano ʻē paha .
No ke aha he mea nui ka ʻōlelo aʻoaʻo lapaʻau loea?
He mea nui ka kūkākūkā ʻana me ke kauka no ka mea he mea nui kou ʻala no kou palekana a me kou olakino. Eia kekahi laʻana:
- ʻO ka nalowale o ke ʻala hiki ke alakaʻi i nā loli o ka makemake , e hoʻoulu ai iā ʻoe e ʻai nui a liʻiliʻi paha.
- Hiki paha iā ʻoe ke ʻike ʻole i nā kūlana weliweli , e like me ka liki kinoea, ka uahi mai ke ahi, a i ʻole ka meaʻai i pala.
Nā Manaʻo Hope Loa
He mea nui ke aʻalolo honi (CN I) i kou ola maikaʻi. ʻOiai hiki i nā kūlana like ʻole e like me COVID-19, ka maʻi diabetes, a i ʻole nā pilikia neurological ke hoʻopilikia i kēia aʻalolo, ʻo ka noho proactive e pili ana i kou olakino kāu pale maikaʻi loa.
Inā ʻike ʻoe i kekahi ʻoluʻolu ʻole a i ʻole nā loli i kou ʻala, e ʻoluʻolu e nīnau i kāu kauka. Hiki iā lākou ke kōkua i ka hoʻoholo ʻana i ke kumu a kūkākūkā inā paha e hoʻōla hou ʻia kou ʻala. Hiki i kāu mea mālama ola ke hāʻawi i ke alakaʻi no ka noho palekana a mālama i kahi nohona olakino ʻoiai inā ua pilikia kou ʻala.
He mea makamae kēlā me kēia ʻāpana o kou kino; he kuleana koʻikoʻi ka mālama ʻana iā ia.
