Ua lohe mua ʻoe i ka huaʻōlelo ' Stem Cells '? Ua lohe paha ʻoe e pili ana iā ia mai ke kauka, ma kahi hōʻike TV, a i ʻole ma kahi ʻatikala nūpepa. ʻOiai ke ʻano he kumuhana paʻakikī kēia, ʻo kēia mau cell stem kekahi o nā mea kupaianaha loa i loko o ko mākou kino. I kēia lā, e kamaʻilio mākou e pili ana i kēia ma ke ʻano maʻalahi loa, ma ke ʻano hiki iā ʻoe ke hoʻomaopopo.
I ka ʻōlelo maʻalahi, he aha kēia mau hunaola kumu?
E noʻonoʻo he nui kāu mau ʻāpana Lego o ke ʻano like. Hiki iā ʻoe ke hoʻohana i kēlā mau ʻāpana Lego e kūkulu i hale, kaʻa, moku, nā mea āpau āu e makemake ai. Pēlā nā cell stem.
ʻO nā pūnaewele kumu kahi ʻano o ke kelepona "kumu" a i ʻole "haku" i loko o ko mākou kino i loaʻa ka hiki ke lilo i kekahi ʻano kelepona kūikawā ʻē aʻe.
Eia kekahi laʻana, hiki i kahi cell kumu ke ulu i loko o kahi cell ʻili, kahi cell lolo (cell nerve ), kahi cell ʻiʻo puʻuwai, kahi cell iwi , a i ʻole kahi cell koko. Eia kekahi, hiki i kēia mau cell ke hana i nā cell kumu hou aʻe, ʻo ia hoʻi, hiki iā lākou ke māhele a hana i nā cell e like me lākou iho i nā manawa he nui. ʻO kēia hiki kupaianaha ke kumu i loaʻa ai iā lākou ke koʻikoʻi nui i ka lāʻau lapaʻau.
No laila, no ke aha he mea nui loa kēia mau hunaola kumu?
He mea nui loa kēia mau pūnaewele i ka noiʻi lapaʻau e hiki mai ana ma muli o ko lākou hiki. He mea nui lākou no ʻekolu mau kumu nui.
1. Nā lāʻau lapaʻau e pili ana i ke kelepona: E noʻonoʻo ua loaʻa i kahi kanaka kahi hōʻeha puʻuwai a ua make kekahi hapa o ko lākou puʻuwai a ua nāwaliwali. Manaʻo nā kānaka ʻepekema i ka wā e hiki mai ana, e hiki iā lākou ke hoʻohana i nā cell kumu e hana i nā cell puʻuwai hou a olakino a hoʻoili iā lākou i loko o kahi i hōʻino ʻia e hoʻihoʻi i ka puʻuwai . ʻO kēia ka mea a mākou e kapa nei he lāʻau lapaʻau regenerative . Ke hoʻohana pono ʻia nei kēia ʻano hana no kekahi mau maʻi koko a me nā maʻi ʻaʻai .
2. No ka hoʻomaopopo ʻana pehea e hiki mai ai nā maʻi:Hiki i nā kānaka ʻepekema ke nānā i kahi cell kumu, no ka laʻana, e ulu ana i loko o kahi cell nerve i loko o kahi keʻena hoʻokolohua. ʻAe kēia iā lākou e aʻo pono i ka mea e hana ʻia i nā cell nerve i nā maʻi e like me ka maʻi Parkinson a i ʻole ka maʻi Alzheimer . ʻO ka hoʻomaopopo pono ʻana i ke ʻano o ka ulu ʻana o kahi maʻi e hiki ke kōkua i ka loaʻa ʻana o nā lāʻau lapaʻau.
3. No ka hoʻāʻo ʻana i nā lāʻau lapaʻau hou: Ma mua o ka hāʻawi ʻia ʻana o kahi lāʻau lapaʻau hou i nā kānaka a hoʻāʻo ʻia, pono e ʻike inā palekana a pono hoʻi. No laila, hiki ke hana ʻia nā pūnaewele kūikawā e pili ana i ka maʻi i nīnau ʻia (no ka laʻana, nā pūnaewele pancreatic no ka maʻi diabetes) ma ka hale hana mai nā pūnaewele kumu, a hiki ke hoʻopili ʻia ka lāʻau lapaʻau hou i kēlā mau pūnaewele a hiki ke hoʻāʻo ʻia kona hopena.
He aha nā ʻano nui o nā pūnaewele kumu?
ʻElua ʻano nui o nā pūnaewele kumu. E nānā kākou i kēia mau mea ma ke kaʻawale.
| ʻAno kelepona | He wehewehe maʻalahi |
|---|---|
| Nā Kelepona Kumu Embryonic | Loaʻa kēia mau mea mai nā embryos mua i hāʻawi ʻia, i hoʻohana ʻole ʻia ma hope o ka hoʻoulu ʻana i loko o ka vitro (IVF). Loaʻa i kēia mau cell ka hiki kupaianaha ke lilo i kekahi ʻano cell i loko o ke kino. ʻO ia ke kumu i kapa ʻia ai lākou he 'pluripotent' . Loaʻa iā lākou ka hiki ke hoʻoponopono i nā ʻiʻo a me nā ʻōpū i hōʻino ʻia e ka maʻi. |
| Nā Kelepona Kumu Pākeke | ʻOiai ko lākou inoa, loaʻa kēia mau pūnaewele i loko o nā kino o nā pēpē, nā keiki, a me nā pākeke. ʻAʻole lākou i like me nā pūnaewele embryonic. No ka laʻana, hiki i kahi pūnaewele kumu makua i loko o ka ʻili ke hana i nā pūnaewele ʻili hou aku. Akā he mea nui loa nō hoʻi lākou. No kēia māhele pū kekahi nā pūnaewele kumu i loko o ke koko umbilical cord. |
| Nā Pūnaewele Kumu Pluripotent i hoʻoulu ʻia (iPSCs) | ʻO kēia ka holomua hou loa i ka ʻepekema. I kēia manawa, hiki i nā kānaka ʻepekema ke lawe i kahi cell makua maʻamau, e like me kāu cell ʻili, a hana i kahi hoʻololi genetic liʻiliʻi i loko o ka lab, a hoʻihoʻi iā ia i loko o kahi cell kumu embryonic 'hiki ke ola'. He holomua nui kēia, no ka mea, pale ia i nā pilikia pono e pili ana i ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā embryos. |
He aha nā lāʻau lapaʻau e hana ʻia nei me ka hoʻohana ʻana i kēia mau cell kumu?
Manaʻo ka poʻe he nui e hiki i nā pūnaewele kumu ke ho'ōla i nā maʻi āpau, akā ʻokoʻa ka ʻoiaʻiʻo.
ʻO ka lāʻau lapaʻau cell kumu i ʻae nui ʻia a kūleʻa hoʻi ma ka honua, ʻo ia ka hoʻoili ʻana i ka iwi iwi . Pili kēia i ka hoʻoili ʻana i nā cell kumu e hana ana i ke koko. Hiki ke loaʻa kēia mau mea mai ka iwi iwi a i ʻole ke koko o ke kaula umbilical.
Hoʻohana nui ʻia kēia lāʻau lapaʻau no:
- No nā maʻi ʻaʻai koko: No ka laʻana, no nā maʻi e like me ka leukemia a me ka lymphoma .
- Nā maʻi ʻē aʻe e pili ana i ke koko: Nā maʻi e like me ka anemia cell sickle .
- No ke kūkulu hou ʻana i ka iwi iwi i hōʻino ʻia e nā lāʻau lapaʻau maʻi kanesa: Hoʻohana ʻia kēia lāʻau lapaʻau e hoʻihoʻi i ka iwi iwi i hōʻino ʻia e ka chemotherapy a i ʻole ka radiation.
ʻO ka mea nui, ʻo ka hapa nui o nā lāʻau lapaʻau cell stem no nā maʻi ʻē aʻe (e like me ka arthritis, diabetes, Parkinson's) aia nō i ke kahua noiʻi . No laila, inā lohe ʻoe e pili ana i ia ʻano lāʻau lapaʻau ma kekahi wahi, he mea nui loa ia e noʻonoʻo pono a kamaʻilio me kāu kauka ma mua o ka hoʻoholo ʻana.
Aia kekahi mau pilikia me kēia mau lāʻau lapaʻau?
ʻAe, e like me nā lāʻau lapaʻau āpau, aia kekahi mau pilikia.
- Inā ulu kēia mau pūnaewele me ka hiki ʻole ke kāohi ʻia, aia kahi manawa kūpono e hoʻokumu ʻia ai nā puʻupuʻu kanesa .
- Hiki ke hōʻino ʻia nā ʻano hoʻoilina i loko o nā cell i ulu ʻia ma ka hale hana.
- I kekahi manawa hiki i ke kino ke ʻike i kēia mau pūnaewele i hoʻoili hou ʻia he "haole" a hōʻole (hoʻouka) iā lākou.
- Aia kekahi mau pilikia e pili ana i nā ʻano hana (e laʻa, ke ʻoki kino) e hōʻiliʻili a hoʻokomo paha i nā pūnaewele i loko o ke kino.
Nā pilikia i ka noiʻi ʻana i nā cell kumu
ʻOiai ua hana ʻia ka noiʻi ʻana i nā pūnaewele kumu makua no nā makahiki he ʻumi, ua hoʻomaka wale ka noiʻi ʻana i nā pūnaewele kumu embryonic i ka makahiki 1998. No laila, nui nā mea e ʻike ai e pili ana iā lākou.
ʻO kekahi o nā pilikia nui, ʻo ia nā pilikia pono . Aia nā manaʻo like ʻole e pili ana i ka loaʻa ʻana o nā pūnaewele mai nā embryos, a ʻaʻole ʻae kekahi poʻe me kēia noiʻi.
ʻO kekahi pilikia ʻē aʻe, ʻo ia ka paʻakikī o ka ulu ʻana o nā cell kumu makua i loko o ka hale hana a me ko lākou pilikia kiʻekiʻe o nā kīnā genetic. Me kēia mau mea a pau, ke hoʻāʻo nei nā kānaka ʻepekema e wehe i nā mea huna o kēia mau cell kupaianaha.
Leka Lawe-Home
- ʻO nā pūnaewele kumu he mau pūnaewele "haku" i hiki ke lilo i kekahi ʻano pūnaewele i loko o ke kino.
- I kēia manawa, hoʻohana pono ʻia kēia mau mea a ua ʻae ʻia no nā hoʻoili iwi iwi no nā maʻi ʻaʻai koko e like me ka leukemia.
- ʻO nā lāʻau lapaʻau cell stem no nā maʻi e like me Parkinson's, diabetes, a me ka maʻi puʻuwai aia nō i ke kahua noiʻi a ʻaʻole i hoʻohana ʻia ma ke ʻano he mau lāʻau lapaʻau maʻamau.
- ʻOiai ke koi nei kekahi mau ʻoihana pilikino e hāʻawi i nā lāʻau lapaʻau pae noiʻi, ʻaʻole hiki ke hōʻoia ʻia ko lākou palekana a me ka holomua.
- Ma mua o ka hoʻoholo ʻana e pili ana i kekahi lāʻau lapaʻau cell stem, e ʻoluʻolu e kūkākūkā me kāu kauka kūpono a e ʻimi i ka ʻōlelo aʻoaʻo kūpono.
Nā pūnaewele kumu, nā pūnaewele kumu, noiʻi pūnaewele kumu, lāʻau lapaʻau pūnaewele, noiʻi lapaʻau, hoʻoili iwi iwi, hoʻoili iwi iwi, nā pūnaewele kumu embryonic, nā pūnaewele kumu makua
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