Makemake ʻoe e nānā i kou thyroid? A laila e aʻo kākou e pili ana i ka (Thyroid Uptake & Scan)!

Ke noʻonoʻo nei paha ʻoe i kekahi manawa inā e hana pono ana kēlā ʻāpana thyroid liʻiliʻi ma kou ʻāʻī? Malia paha ua noi mai kekahi kauka iā ʻoe e hana i kēia hoʻokolohua i kapa ʻia ʻo "Thyroid Uptake & Scan". A i ʻole ua lohe paha ʻoe e pili ana i ia mea ma kekahi wahi. No laila, i kēia lā e kamaʻilio maʻalahi mākou e pili ana i ia mea, ma ke ʻano hiki iā ʻoe ke hoʻomaopopo. ʻAʻohe mea e hopohopo ai, he hoʻokolohua maʻamau kēia i hana ʻia no ka hapa nui o ka poʻe.

He aha ka Thyroid Uptake & Scan?

I ka ʻōlelo maʻalahi, he hoʻāʻo kūikawā kēia e nānā pono ana i nā mea e hana nei i loko o kou kelepa thyroid, pehea ka maikaʻi o kāna hana, a me kona ʻano a me kona nui. Ua like ia me ke 'kiʻi' o kou thyroid, akā hāʻawi mai ia iā mākou i nā kikoʻī hou aku. Ua kapa pū nā kauka i kēia he "Nuclear Medicine Imaging". Mai makaʻu, kani paha ka inoa me he mea nui lā, akā pili ia i ka hoʻohana ʻana i kahi mea radioactive liʻiliʻi loa a ʻino ʻole (i kapa ʻia he "Radiotracer") a me ka nānā ʻana i kāu kelepa thyroid me kahi kāmela kūikawā. ʻOi aku ka kikoʻī o ka ʻike e hāʻawi ʻia ana ma mua o kahi mea e like me ka "Ultrasound Scan" maʻamau.

He aha ka ʻokoʻa ma waena o kahi scan thyroid a me kahi uptake?

I kēia manawa, ke noʻonoʻo nei paha ʻoe inā he ʻelua mau mea ʻokoʻa kēia "Scan" a me "Uptake", a i ʻole ka mea like. Ma ke ʻano loea, he ʻelua mau kaʻina hana ʻokoʻa kēia. Eia nō naʻe, hana pinepine nā kauka i kēia mau mea ʻelua, no ka mea, ʻo ia ka manawa e loaʻa ai iā lākou kahi kiʻi piha o ka ʻōpū thyroid.

• ʻO ka Thyroid Uptake: Ua kapa ʻia kēia he Radioactive Iodine Uptake Test (RAIU). Ana kēia hoʻāʻo i ka nui a me ka wikiwiki o ka omo ʻana o kou thyroid gland i ka iodine radioactive. E ana ke kauka i kēia ma ke kau ʻana i kahi probe kūikawā ma kou ʻāʻī, kahi i loaʻa ai kou thyroid gland. Hiki i nā ana ke hāʻawi i kahi manaʻo maikaʻi inā he overactive (overactive) a underactive paha kou thyroid gland. ʻAʻole lawe kēia hoʻāʻo uptake i nā kiʻi.

• ʻO ke Kiʻi ʻAna o ka Thyroid: ʻO kēia kahi e lawe ʻia ai nā kiʻi. Me ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka mea radioactive i ʻōlelo ʻia ma luna (Radiotracer), kahi kāmela kūikawā, a me kahi kamepiula, hiki iā ʻoe ke ʻike maopopo i ke ʻano, ka nui, a me ke ʻano o loko o kou kelepa thyroid, a me kahi i hana nui ai ka thyroid, hana ʻole, a i ʻole he mau puʻupuʻu ʻē.

No laila, ke hana pū ʻoe i kēia mau mea ʻelua, e ʻike maikaʻi ʻoe i ke ʻano o ka hana ʻana o ke kelepa thyroid a me kona ʻano.

No ke aha e pono ai iaʻu kahi Thyroid Uptake & Scan?

ʻĀ, e nānā kākou i kekahi o nā kumu e ʻōlelo ai ke kauka iā ʻoe e hana i kēia hoʻokolohua `(Thyroid Uptake & Scan)`.

• E hōʻoia i ka hana pono ʻana o kou thyroid: He mea nui loa kēia scan inā loaʻa iā ʻoe nā hōʻailona o ka hyperthyroidism (e.g., ka piʻi ʻana o ka puʻuwai, ka pohō kaumaha, ka hou ʻana, ka hopohopo), a inā hōʻike nā hoʻokolohua koko he thyroid overactive kou.
• E ʻike hou aʻe e pili ana i kahi nodule thyroid: I kekahi manawa, ke loaʻa iā ʻoe kahi scan ultrasound o kou ʻāʻī no kekahi kumu ʻē aʻe, hōʻike ia i kahi nodule liʻiliʻi i loko o kou kelepa thyroid. Hiki i kēia hoʻāʻo ke kōkua iā ʻoe e hoʻoholo i ke ʻano pololei o ka nodule (inā he 'wela' a 'anu' paha, ʻo ia hoʻi he hana ia i nā hormones a ʻaʻole paha).
• No ka ʻike ʻana i nā loli o ka thyroid ma hope o ka lāʻau lapaʻau a i ʻole ke ʻoki ʻana: Hoʻohana ʻia kēia scan e ʻike inā e hana pono ana ke koena o ka ʻiʻo thyroid a pehea lā ia e hana ai ma hope o ka lawe ʻana i ka lāʻau lapaʻau no ka hyperthyroidism, a ma hope o ka wehe ʻana i kahi hapa a i ʻole ka holoʻokoʻa o ka thyroid gland ma o ke ʻoki ʻana.
• E ʻike i nā maʻi e like me ka thyroiditis.
• Hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia (kākaʻikahi) e ʻike i ka laha ʻana o kekahi mau maʻi kanesa.

ʻO wai ka mea e hana i kēia Thyroid Uptake & Scan?

Hana pinepine ʻia kēia hoʻāʻo e kahi radiologist nona ka ʻike kūikawā a me ke aʻo ʻana ma ke kahua lapaʻau o ka "Nuclear Medicine Imaging." ʻO ia ka mea nāna e hana i ka hoʻāʻo, kālailai i nā kiʻi a me ka ʻikepili i loaʻa, a hoʻomākaukau i kahi hōʻike e pili ana i kou kūlana.

Pehea ka hana ʻana o kēia Thyroid Uptake & Scan?

E noʻonoʻo i kēia ʻano, ua like ia me ke kau ʻana i kahi 'tag' liʻiliʻi i loko o kou kelepa thyroid, a ke nānā nei mai waho pehea e neʻe ai kēlā 'tag' a puni i loko o ka thyroid, kahi e hōʻiliʻili ai, a me ka nui o ia hōʻiliʻili.

ʻO ka mea e hana ʻia, penei wale nō:

1. E hāʻawi ʻia ʻoe i kahi liʻiliʻi a palekana hoʻi o kahi mea radioactive (`(Radiotracer)`). ʻO kēia ka isotope radioactive o kahi mea i kapa ʻia ʻo `(Radioactive Iodine)` a i ʻole `(Technetium)`. Hiki ke hāʻawi ʻia kēia ma ke ʻano he injection IV, a i ʻole he capsule liʻiliʻi a wai paha e lawe ʻia ma ka waha. I ka manawa kākaʻikahi, hiki ke hāʻawi ʻia ma ke ʻano he kinoea e hanu ʻia.

2. Hele kēia mea ma o kou koko a hele i ka ʻōpū thyroid. ʻOiai ke omo maoli nei ka ʻōpū thyroid i ka iodine e hana i nā hormones, hōʻiliʻili kēia iodine radioactive (a i ʻole kahi mea like) i loko o nā hunaola thyroid.

3. A laila, ʻo ka `(Radiotracer)` i hoʻohui ʻia i kēia mau hunaola thyroid e hoʻopuka i kahi ʻano radiation kūikawā i kapa ʻia ʻo `(Gamma rays)`. ʻAʻole ʻike ʻia kēia mau kukuna e ko mākou mau maka, akā hiki ke ʻike ʻia me nā lako kūikawā.

I kēia manawa, e nānā kākou pehea e hoʻohana ai ʻo `(Uptake)` a me `(Scan)` i nā `(Gamma rays)`:

• I ka wā o ka hoʻāʻo ʻana i ka lawe ʻana: Hoʻokomo ke kauka i kahi mea koʻikoʻi i kapa ʻia he gamma probe ma kou ʻāʻī, ma ka ʻaoʻao pono o kou thyroid gland, a ana i ka nui o nā kukuna gamma āna e hoʻopuka ai. Hāʻawi kēia i kahi manaʻo o ke ʻano o ka omo ʻana o ka thyroid gland i ka mea, ʻo ia hoʻi ke ʻano o kāna hana.
• I ka wā o ka scan: ʻIke ʻia kēia mau kukuna gamma e kahi kāmela kūikawā i kapa ʻia he kāmela gamma a hoʻouna i ka ʻike i kahi kamepiula. Hoʻohana ke kamepiula i ka ʻikepili e hana i nā kiʻi maopopo (e like me ka palapala ʻāina) o ka thyroid gland. Hōʻike kēia mau kiʻi i nā wahi o ka thyroid i hana nui ʻia (nā nodules wela), hana ʻole (nā nodules anuanu), a i ʻole he mau ʻano ʻē. No ka laʻana, ʻike ʻia ka thyroid gland holoʻokoʻa o kekahi me ka hyperthyroidism he mālamalama loa no ka mea e omo ana ia i ka nui o ka radiotracer.

Pehea e hoʻomākaukau ai no kēia Thyroid Uptake & Scan?

Aia kekahi mau mea āu e makaʻala ai a e haʻi aku i kāu kauka ma mua o kēia hoʻāʻo. He mea nui loa ka hahai pololei ʻana i kēia mau mea no ka loaʻa ʻana o nā hopena hoʻāʻo pololei.

• Inā hāpai ʻoe, manaʻo ʻoe ua hāpai ʻoe, a i ʻole e hānai waiū ana: Pono e kūkākūkā ʻia kēia me kāu kauka a me ke kauka radiology nāna e hana i ka hoʻāʻo. ʻO kēia no ka mea ʻo ka nui o ka mea radioactive i hoʻohana ʻia, ʻoiai inā he liʻiliʻi loa, ʻaʻole palekana no ka pēpē i hānau ʻole ʻia a hānai waiū paha. I ia mau hihia, e hoʻoholo ke kauka inā e noʻonoʻo i nā koho ʻē aʻe a i ʻole e hoʻopanee i ka hoʻāʻo.
• Nā mea nui ʻē aʻe e haʻi aku i ke kauka:
• Inā ua loaʻa iā ʻoe kahi maʻi i hala koke nei, e like me ke kuni a i ʻole ke anu.
• Nā maʻi lōʻihi ʻē aʻe āu i loaʻa ai (e like me ka maʻi diabetes, ka maʻi puʻuwai, ka maʻi puʻupaʻa).
• Inā loaʻa iā ʻoe kekahi mau maʻi allergies (ʻoi aku hoʻi i ka iodine a i ʻole kekahi mea hoʻohālikelike i ka wā ma mua).
• ʻO nā lāʻau lapaʻau āpau āu e lawe nei. ʻAʻole wale kēia i nā lāʻau lapaʻau i kuhikuhi ʻia e kāu kauka, akā, ʻo nā lāʻau lapaʻau ma waho o ke kauka, nā huaora, nā mea kanu, a me nā lāʻau lapaʻau kuʻuna.
• Inā paha ua loaʻa iā ʻoe kekahi mau hoʻokolohua ʻē aʻe i hoʻohana i nā mea hoʻohālikelike iodine (no ka laʻana, kahi CT scan a i ʻole angiogram me ka IV iodine contrast) i loko o nā mahina ʻelua i hala. Hiki i kēia mau mea ke hoʻololi i nā pae iodine i loko o kou kino a hoʻopilikia i nā hopena o kēia scan.
• Inā ʻoe e lawe ana i ka lāʻau lapaʻau no ka maʻi thyroid:Inā ʻoe e lawe ana i nā lāʻau lapaʻau no ka hyperthyroidism (overactive thyroid) e like me Methimazole a i ʻole Propylthiouracil (PTU), a i ʻole nā ​​papa hormone thyroid (Thyroxine), e haʻi aku kāu kauka iā ʻoe i ka nui o nā lā ma mua o ke scan e pono ai ʻoe e hoʻōki i ka lawe ʻana i kēia mau lāʻau lapaʻau. E hahai pololei i kēia mau kuhikuhi. A i ʻole, hewa paha nā hopena o ka hoʻāʻo.
• E pili ana i ka meaʻai a me ka mea inu: E noi ʻia paha ʻoe ʻaʻole e ʻai a inu paha i kekahi mea (hoʻokē ʻai) no kekahi mau hola ma mua o ka hoʻāʻo (e laʻa me 4-6 mau hola). E nīnau i kāu kauka a i ʻole ke keʻena hoʻokolohua e pili ana i kēia ma mua.

ʻO ka mea nui loa, ʻo ia ka hahai pono ʻana i nā kuhikuhi a kāu kauka a i ʻole nā ​​limahana o ka haukapila. Inā he mea āu i maopopo ʻole ai, mai makaʻu e nīnau. Aia lākou ma laila e kōkua iā ʻoe.

He aha ka mea e hana ʻia i ka wā o ka Thyroid Uptake & Scan?

ʻOiai ʻokoʻa iki ka hana ʻana o nā ʻāpana ``Uptake'' a me ``Scan'' o kēia hoʻāʻo, e nānā kākou iā lākou ma ke kaʻawale.

Pehea e hoʻemi ai i ka lawe ʻana o ka thyroid:

1. ʻO ka mea mua, e hāʻawi ʻia ʻoe i kahi capsule liʻiliʻi a i ʻole wai i loaʻa ka iodine radioactive (`(Radiotracer)`) e inu. ʻAneʻane ʻaʻohe ʻono o kēia, no laila ʻaʻole ia he mea ʻoluʻolu ʻole.

2. Ma hope o ka inu ʻana, e haʻi ʻia ʻoe e hoʻi i ka home a hoʻomaha paha no kekahi manawa. Pono ʻoe e hoʻi i kahi hoʻāʻo ma hope o 4 a 6 mau hola (i kekahi manawa he 24 mau hola). Hāʻawi kēia i ka manawa o ka thyroid gland e omo i ka radiotracer.

3. Ke hoʻi mai ʻoe, e hoʻomoe ʻia ʻoe ma luna o kahi papa hoʻokolokolo (a i ʻole ma kahi noho paha), a e kau kekahi loea a kauka paha i kahi mea liʻiliʻi i kapa ʻia he "Gamma probe" kokoke loa i kou thyroid gland ma kou ʻāʻī (ʻaʻole e hoʻopā iā ia). Ana kēia i ka nui o ka radiation i hoʻopuka ʻia e kou thyroid.

4. I kekahi manawa, e noi ʻia paha ʻoe e hoʻi mai i 24 mau hola ma hope o ka lawe ʻana i ka "(Radiotracer)" a hana ʻia kekahi ana ʻē aʻe ma kēia ʻano. E hōʻike pū kēia i ka lōʻihi o ka mālama ʻana o ka thyroid i ka iodine.

5. He mau minuke wale nō kēia `(probe)` e ana ai, ma kahi o 5 mau minuke a emi mai paha. ʻAʻohe ʻeha.

Pehea e hana ai i kahi scan thyroid:

1. Ma kēia, hoʻokomo pinepine ʻia kahi liʻiliʻi o kahi mea radioactive (`(Radiotracer)`) i loko o kahi aa koko ma kou lima (`(IV injection)`). (I kekahi manawa, hiki ke hāʻawi ʻia ma ka inu ʻana a i ʻole ka hanu ʻana, e like me ka hana no `(Uptake)`, ma muli o ke ʻano o `(Radiotracer)` i hoʻohana ʻia.)

2. A laila, pono ʻoe e kali i kekahi manawa (ma kahi o 20-30 mau minuke) no kou kelepa thyroid e omo i kēia mea.

3. A laila, e kau ʻia ʻoe ma luna o kahi papa hoʻokolokolo kūikawā e hiki ai iā ʻoe ke neʻe a puni, me kou ʻāʻī e hoʻokiʻekiʻe iki ʻia i hope (i hoʻolōʻihi piha ʻia).

4. A laila, ua kau ʻia kahi kāmela nui i kapa ʻia ʻo "Gamma Camera" ma kou ʻāʻī, ma luna pono a kokoke paha i ka ʻōpū thyroid, a ua lawe ʻia kekahi mau kiʻi mai nā kihi like ʻole.

5. I kēia manawa, he mea nui loa e noho mālie loa ʻoe a ʻaʻole e neʻe.No ka mea, inā e haʻalulu, ʻaʻole paha e maopopo nā kiʻi. E like me ke kiʻi ʻana i kahi kiʻi.

6. Pono paha ʻoe e kali i kekahi manawa a hiki i ka loaʻa ʻana o nā kiʻi maopopo loa i ke koʻokoʻo. I kekahi manawa, hiki ke lawe ʻia nā kiʻi hou aʻe e hoʻomālamalama hou aku i kekahi mau wahi o ka thyroid. Eia naʻe, ʻaʻohe mea e hopohopo ai, he mea maʻamau kēia.

7. ʻO ka maʻamau, he 30 mau minuke a emi mai paha ka lōʻihi o kēia scan holoʻokoʻa. ʻAʻohe ʻeha e pili ana.

He aha ka mea e hana ʻia ma hope o ka Thyroid Uptake & Scan?

Ke pau ka hoʻāʻo ʻana, hiki iā ʻoe ke hoʻomau me kāu mau hana maʻamau o kēlā me kēia lā a hiki i ka wā e ʻōlelo ʻē ai kāu kauka iā ʻoe. Hiki nō hoʻi iā ʻoe ke hoʻi i ka home.

Eia nō naʻe, aia kekahi mea nui. I mea e kōkua ai i ka mea radioactive (`(Radiotracer)`) i hoʻohana ʻia i ka hoʻāʻo e puka koke aku i waho o kou kino i loko o kou mimi, e noi ʻia ʻoe e inu i ka wai nui (ma ka liʻiliʻi he 2-3 lita i kēlā me kēia lā) no ʻelua lā ma hope o ka hoʻāʻo. He manaʻo maikaʻi e hahai i kēia.

He aha nā pilikia a me nā hopena ʻaoʻao o kēia Thyroid Uptake & Scan?

Nui ka poʻe e makaʻu nei i ka huaʻōlelo "radioactive". Akā ʻo ka ʻoiaʻiʻo, hoʻohana kēia hoʻāʻo `(Thyroid Uptake & Scan)` i kahi liʻiliʻi loa o ka mea radioactive (`(Radiotracer)`). No laila, haʻahaʻa loa ka nui o ka radiation āu e loaʻa ai. ʻO ka ʻoiaʻiʻo, ʻoi aku paha ka liʻiliʻi ma mua o ka nui o ka radiation i loaʻa mai kekahi mau hoʻāʻo `(X-ray)`. No laila, i ka hoʻohālikelike ʻia me nā pono o kēia scan e aʻo i ka ʻike waiwai e pili ana i ka hana a me ke olakino o ka thyroid gland, ʻo ka pilikia radiation liʻiliʻi loa he liʻiliʻi loa ia a hiki ke hoʻowahāwahā ʻia.

Eia nō naʻe, e like me ka mea i ʻōlelo ʻia ma mua, ʻaʻole kūpono kēia ʻike ʻia ʻana o ka radiation no ka pēpē i loko o ka ʻōpū inā hāpai ʻoe, a i ʻole no ka pēpē ma o ka waiū inā ʻoe e hānai waiū ana. ʻO ia ke kumu he mea nui e hoʻomaopopo i ke kauka e pili ana i ia mea ma mua. Hiki i ke kauka ke noi iā ʻoe e hoʻōki i ka hānai waiū no kekahi mau lā.

Aia kekahi mau pilikia liʻiliʻi ʻē aʻe e hiki ke hana, akā he mea kākaʻikahi loa ia:

• (Radiotracer) He ʻeha iki, ʻulaʻula, a pehu paha ma kahi i hoʻokomo ʻia ai ke aʻa: E emi ana kēia ma kahi o hoʻokahi a ʻelua paha lā. Hiki paha iā ʻoe ke manaʻo i kahi manaʻo mahana.
• ʻO ka hopena maʻi i ka radiotracer: He mea kākaʻikahi loa kēia. ʻO ka hapa nui o ka manawa, he hopena liʻiliʻi wale nō ia e like me ka maneʻo a i ʻole kahi puʻupuʻu liʻiliʻi. He mea kākaʻikahi nā hopena maʻi koʻikoʻi. E hoʻomanaʻo, ʻaʻole kēia maʻi i ka iodine ponoʻī, akā i nā mea ʻē aʻe i loko o ka huahana i loaʻa ka iodine. E haʻi i kāu kauka inā ua loaʻa iā ʻoe kahi maʻi i ka iodine ma mua.

Āhea e hiki ai iaʻu ke ʻike i nā hopena o kēia Thyroid Uptake & Scan?

Hiki ke ʻokoʻa iki ka manawa e loaʻa ai kāu mau hopena hoʻāʻo. Aia ia i ka haukapila kahi i loaʻa ai ka hoʻāʻo, ke kumu o ke scan, ka manawa e pono ai e kālailai i nā kiʻi, a inā paha e pono ʻoe i kahi "manaʻo lua" mai kekahi loea ʻē aʻe.

ʻO kēia ka mea maʻamau e hana ʻia: ʻO kahi radiologist a i ʻole kekahi kauka ʻē aʻe i loaʻa ka hoʻomaʻamaʻa kūikawā i nā scan nukelea e nānā pono i nā kiʻi scan a me nā ana lawe ʻana a hoʻomākaukau i kahi hōʻike piha. A laila hoʻouna ʻia ka hōʻike i ke kauka nāna i kauoha i ka hoʻāʻo nou. A laila e hālāwai ke kauka me ʻoe a wehewehe i ke ʻano o nā hopena iā ʻoe. Hiki i kēia ke lawe i kekahi mau lā a i hoʻokahi a ʻelua paha pule.

He hoʻāʻo lapaʻau palekana loa kēia (Thyroid Uptake & Scan) a he mea pono loa ia e hiki ai ke loiloi i ka hana a me ke olakino o kou kelepa thyroid. Inā he mau nīnau a kānalua paha kāu e pili ana i kēia hoʻāʻo, pehea e hana ʻia ai, a i ʻole nā ​​​​hopena, mai makaʻu e nīnau i kāu kauka. E hoʻomanaʻo, aia lākou ma laila e kōkua iā ʻoe a hoʻoponopono i kāu mau hopohopo.

ʻO ka mea hope loa, e hoʻomanaʻo (Leka Lawe-Home)

ʻAe, no laila, mai nā mea a mākou i kamaʻilio ai a hiki i kēia manawa, eia kekahi o nā mea nui e pono ai ʻoe e hoʻomanaʻo:

• He hoʻāʻo koʻikoʻi a palekana kēia `(Thyroid Uptake & Scan)` i hoʻohana ʻia e ʻike pono i ke ʻano o ka hana ʻana o ke kelepa thyroid i kou ʻāʻī, a inā he mea ʻē, puʻupuʻu (`(Nodule)`), a i ʻole pilikia e like me ka overactivity (`(Hyperthyroidism)`).
• He mea nui e hahai pono i nā ʻōlelo a ke kauka ma mua o ka hoʻāʻo ʻana (e like me ka mea e ʻai ai a inu ai, nā lāʻau lapaʻau e hoʻōki ai i ka lawe ʻana, a me ka mea e hana ai inā hāpai ʻoe) e loaʻa ai nā hopena pololei.
• Hoʻohana ʻia kahi liʻiliʻi o ka mea radioactive ("(Radiotracer)`) i ka wā o ka hoʻāʻo ʻana, akā ʻaʻole ia e hōʻeha nui i kou kino. He haʻahaʻa loa ka nui o ka radiation āna e hoʻopuka ai.
• ʻAʻohe ʻeha i ka wā o ka hoʻāʻo ʻana. He mea nui wale nō e noho mālie no kekahi manawa ʻoiai e hana ʻia ana ke scan.
• Ke loaʻa nā hopena, e kūkākūkā pono kāu kauka me ʻoe i nā kikoʻī a hoʻoholo i kekahi lāʻau lapaʻau hou e pono ai.

No laila, inā ʻōlelo ke kauka iā ʻoe e hana i kēia hoʻāʻo `(Thyroid Uptake & Scan)`, mai makaʻu a hopohopo paha no ia mea. He ʻano hoʻāʻo maikaʻi kēia i ka lāʻau lapaʻau hou e hiki ke kōkua iā ʻoe e ʻike i ka ʻike waiwai nui e pili ana i kou olakino. ʻOi aku ka maikaʻi o ke kamaʻilio ākea me kāu kauka a nīnau a wehewehe i nā nīnau āpau āu e noʻonoʻo nei.

ʻO ka thyroid, ka nānā ʻana i ka thyroid, ka lawe ʻana o ka thyroid, ka iodine radioactive, ka ʻōpū thyroid, hyperthyroidism, nā puʻupuʻu thyroid