Ua ʻike anei ʻoe i nā mea e hōʻino ai i ka pēpē (teratogens) i ka wā hāpai?

Inā ʻoe e kali ana i kahi pēpē, a i ʻole he makuahine aloha e hāpai mua ana, ʻike mākou ʻo ka makemake nui loa i loko o kou puʻuwai, ʻo ia ka lawe ʻana mai i kahi pēpē olakino a maikaʻi i kēia ao. Ke hopohopo nei mākou no nā mea he nui ma kēia huakaʻi. I waena o lākou, ua lohe paha ʻoe i ka huaʻōlelo "teratogen". ʻOiai he ʻōlelo weliweli kēia, he mea nui loa ia no ʻoe a me kāu pēpē i hānau ʻole ʻia e hoʻomaopopo pono ʻia e pili ana i kēia. No laila e kamaʻilio kākou e pili ana i kēia i kēia lā.

I ka ʻōlelo maʻalahi, he aha ka teratogen?

I ka ʻōlelo maʻalahi, ʻo ka teratogen kekahi mea o waho e komo i loko o ke kino o ka makuahine i ka wā hāpai a hiki ke hōʻino i ka ulu ʻana o ka fetus e ulu ana. Hoʻonui kēia mau mea i ka pilikia o nā kīnā hānau. ʻO ka ʻoiaʻiʻo, ʻo ka hōʻike ʻana i kēia mau teratogens ke kuleana no ma waena o 4% a me 5% o nā kīnā hānau āpau.

ʻO ka maʻamau, ma kahi o 10 a 14 mau lā ma hope o ka hāpai ʻana, pili ka makuahine a me ka pēpē ma o ka placenta, ka lako koko. Mai ia manawa mai, ʻo nā mea āpau āu e hōʻike ai ma ke ʻano he makuahine, inā paha nā lāʻau lapaʻau āu e lawe ai, ka meaʻai āu e ʻai ai, ka ea āu e hanu ai, a pēlā aku, hiki ke hele i ka pēpē. No laila, hoʻomaka kēia mau mea ʻino i kapa ʻia ʻo teratogens e hoʻopilikia i ka pēpē a puni ia manawa.

He aha nā mea hiki a hiki ʻole ke hōʻeha i kahi keiki?

I ka wā hāpai , noʻonoʻo mākou i nā mea āpau. "ʻAʻole anei kēia he mea maikaʻi no ka pēpē?", "Ua maikaʻi anei ke lawe ʻana i kēlā lāʻau lapaʻau?" Loaʻa paha iā ʻoe nā nīnau e like me kēia. ʻAʻole nā ​​​​kemika a pau, ʻaʻole nā ​​​​lāʻau lapaʻau a pau he mea ʻino i ka pēpē. Akā hiki i kekahi mau mea ke lilo i mea weliweli loa. E nānā kākou i kēia mau mea ma kahi papa? A laila e maʻalahi iā ʻoe ke hoʻomaopopo.

Pehea ka hopena o kēia mau mea i ka pēpē?

Hiki ke loaʻa kēia mau mea ʻino i kapa ʻia he teratogens ma nā wahi āpau, ma ko mākou mau home a me nā wahi hana. Ke ulu nei nā ʻōpū o ke pēpē i ka wā mua o ka hāpai ʻana, ʻoiai i nā mahina mua ʻekolu. No laila, ʻo ka ʻike ʻana i kēia mau mea ka mea weliweli loa i kēia manawa.

Nā mea hana kino

ʻO kekahi mau mea kino, e like me ka ʻike ʻana i nā mahana kiʻekiʻe (hyperthermia), hiki ke hana i nā kīnā neural tube a me nā ʻano ʻino o ka cardiovascular i loko o ka pēpē. Eia kekahi, inā loaʻa i ka makuahine kahi kuni kiʻekiʻe i ka wā hāpai, hiki iā ia ke hoʻopilikia i ka pēpē.

Nā mea hana kemika

ʻO ka waiʻona a me ka puhipakaʻO kēia nā kumu nui ʻelua e hiki ai iā kākou ke pale aku. I kekahi manawa, ma mua o kou ʻike ʻana ua hāpai ʻoe, ʻo ia hoʻi, i loko o nā pule 3-8 mua, inā inu ʻoe i ka waiʻona, hiki iā ia ke hoʻopilikia i ka pēpē. ʻO kahi hui o nā kīnā hānau i hoʻokumu ʻia e ka waiʻona ua kapa ʻia ʻo Fetal Alcohol Syndrome . Hiki i kēia ke hoʻopilikia i ka ulu ʻana o ka noʻonoʻo o ka pēpē.

Nā mea hoʻolaha maʻi

Hiki i nā maʻi e like me ka rubella, syphilis, a me ka herpes ke hana i nā kīnā hānau i loko o ka pēpē. Hiki ke laha kēia mau maʻi i ka makuahine ma ka inu ʻana i ka wai haumia, ka ʻai ʻana i ka ʻiʻo i moʻa ʻole ʻia, a i ʻole ka hoʻopā ʻana i nā ʻōpala pōpoki i loaʻa i ka maʻi (Toxoplasmosis).

Nā kūlana makuahine

Hiki i kekahi mau maʻi o ka makuahine hāpai ke hoʻopilikia i ka pēpē. No ka laʻana, inā loaʻa i ka makuahine ka maʻi diabetes mellitus , hiki ke piʻi ka pilikia o nā kīnā hānau mai 4% a 10%. Hiki i ka maʻi diabetes i ka wā hāpai ( gestational diabetes ) ke hoʻoulu i nā pae kō koko kiʻekiʻe i loko o ka makuahine, hiki ke hoʻoulu i nā pilikia i ka lolo a me ke kaula iwi kuamoʻo o ka pēpē. Hiki i nā maʻi thyroid a me ka nele i ka ʻai ke hoʻopilikia i ka ulu ʻana o ka pēpē.

He aha kā mākou e hana ai e pale aku i nā kīnā hānau?

ʻOiai ʻaʻole hiki ke pale ʻia nā kīnā hānau āpau, nui nā mea hiki iā mākou ke hana e hōʻemi i ka pilikia.

• Mālama ma mua o ka hānau ʻana: He mea nui loa ka lawe ʻana i kahi huaora i loaʻa ma ka liʻiliʻi he 400 milligrams o ka folic acid i kēlā me kēia lā mai ka manawa āu e hoʻolālā ai e hāpai. Hiki i kēia ke pale aku i nā maʻi he nui o ka ʻōnaehana nerve o ka pēpē. E noi i kāu kauka no ka ʻōlelo aʻo no kēia.
• E pale i nā mea ʻino: Ke ʻike koke ʻoe ua hāpai ʻoe, e hoʻōki loa i ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka waiʻona, ka paka, a me nā lāʻau lapaʻau ʻē aʻe. ʻAʻole hiki i kēia mau mea ke hana i nā kīnā hānau wale nō, akā, i nā pilikia ʻē aʻe i ka wā hāpai.
• E mālama i kou olakino: E haʻi i kāu kauka e pili ana i nā maʻi a i ʻole nā ​​maʻi i loaʻa iā ʻoe i kēia manawa a i ʻole ma mua. Inā loaʻa iā ʻoe nā maʻi e like me ka maʻi diabetes a i ʻole ke koko kiʻekiʻe, he mea nui e hoʻomalu iā lākou ma mua o kou hāpai ʻana. Inā he kīnā hānau kou i ka wā hāpai ma mua, e ʻike i ke kumu a hana pū me kāu kauka e hana i kahi hoʻolālā ma mua o kou hāpai hou ʻana.
• E kiʻi i nā hoʻokolohua kūpono: ʻO ka loaʻa ʻana o nā scan ultrasound maʻamau i kou wā hāpai e hiki ke kōkua iā ʻoe e hoʻomaopopo i ke olakino o ke pēpē.

Aia kekahi lāʻau lapaʻau no nā kīnā hānau?

ʻAe, hiki ke mālama ʻia kekahi mau kīnā hānau ʻoiai ke pēpē i loko o ka ʻōpū.Hiki ke ho'ōla ʻia a i ʻole hiki ke hoʻēmi ʻia ka pōʻino. He holomua nui maoli kēia i ka ʻepekema lapaʻau. Ma ka hana ʻana i kēia lāʻau lapaʻau ma mua o ka hānau ʻana o ke pēpē, hiki iā ia ke hōʻemi i ka pōʻino i nā kino koʻikoʻi.

• ʻO Congenital Diaphragmatic Hernia: He kūlana kēia kahi e puka ai kahi lua i loko o ka diaphragm o ke pēpē i nā ʻōpū o ka ʻōpū e puka i loko o ka umauma, e kāohi ana i ka ulu ʻana o ka māmā. Hiki ke mālama ʻia kēia kūlana me kahi ʻoki kino i kapa ʻia ʻo Fetoscopic Endotracheal Occlusion .
• Ka Pale ʻana o ke Ala Mimi o Lalo: Ma kēia ʻano, ua pale ʻia ke ala mimi o ka pēpē, e pale ana i ka mimi mai ka haʻalele ʻana i ke kino. Hiki i kēia ke hōʻeha mau loa i nā puʻupaʻa. Eia nō naʻe, inā e wehe ʻia ka mea pale ma mua o ka hānau ʻana o ka pēpē, hiki ke hoʻōla ʻia nā puʻupaʻa.

Eia kekahi, inā ʻaʻole kūlike ka puʻuwai o ka pēpē, hiki ke mālama ʻia ka pēpē ma o nā lāʻau lapaʻau i hāʻawi ʻia i ka makuahine.