Cia peb kawm txhua yam txog ntshav qab zib mellitus yooj yim thiab raug!

Kab mob ntshav qab zib yog ib yam kab mob uas ntau tus neeg niaj hnub no tab tom tham txog, thiab tej zaum yuav ua rau koj ntshai me ntsis. Ib txhia neeg kuj hu nws ua 'kab mob qab zib'. Kab mob ntshav qab zib yog dab tsi tiag? Cia peb tham txog nws kom meej meej, hauv txoj kev uas koj nkag siab tau. Tsis txhob ntshai, thaum koj nkag siab zoo lawm, kev tswj nws tsis yog ib qho teeb meem loj.

Hais yooj yim xwb, mob ntshav qab zib yog ib yam mob uas koj cov ntshav qab zib (lossis glucose ) siab tas li. Qhov no tshwm sim vim tias koj lub txiav tsis tsim cov tshuaj insulin txaus, lossis vim tias koj lub cev cov hlwb tsis teb zoo rau cov insulin uas nws tsim. Nws tuaj yeem tshwm sim rau txhua lub hnub nyoog. Ntau hom mob ntshav qab zib yog mob mus tas li (mob ntev), tab sis txhua hom tuaj yeem tswj tau los ntawm kev siv tshuaj thiab kev hloov pauv hauv lub neej.

Peb lub cev tau txais feem ntau ntawm lawv cov glucose, lossis qab zib, los ntawm cov khoom noj uas peb noj, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog cov khoom noj uas muaj cov carbohydrates (xws li mov, qhob cij, thiab khoom qab zib). Cov glucose no yog cov roj tseem ceeb uas muab lub zog rau peb lub cev cov cell. Nws zoo li roj av rau lub tsheb. Yog li, cov glucose no yuav tsum mus rau hauv cov cell los ntawm cov ntshav kom ua lub zog. Xav txog glucose zoo li ib tug neeg sim nkag mus rau hauv tsev, thiab lawv xav tau tus yuam sij kom nkag mus rau hauv lub tsev ntawd. Tus yuam sij ntawd yog insulin. Cov tshuaj hormones no hu ua insulin yog tsim los ntawm peb lub pancreas.

Yog tias koj lub qog tsis tsim cov insulin txaus, lossis yog tias nws ua, tab sis koj lub cev cov cell tsis qhib qhov rooj kom raug (piv txwv li, tsis teb rau insulin kom raug), cov glucose ntawd tsis tuaj yeem nkag mus rau hauv cov cell. Tom qab ntawd tag nrho cov glucose ntawd sib sau ua ke hauv cov ntshav, thiab cov piam thaj hauv cov ntshav tsuas yog nce siab. Qhov no yog qhov peb hu ua ntshav qab zib siab (hyperglycemia) .

Yog tias cov ntshav qab zib tseem siab ntev, ntau yam teeb meem kev noj qab haus huv tuaj yeem tshwm sim, xws li kab mob plawv, kev puas tsuaj rau cov hlab ntsha, thiab teeb meem qhov muag.

Lub npe kho mob rau tus kab mob ntshav qab zib yog Diabetes Mellitus . Muaj lwm yam kab mob uas muaj lo lus 'diabetes' nyob hauv, hu ua Diabetes Insipidus . Tab sis nws txawv ntawm tus kab mob ntshav qab zib uas peb tab tom tham txog. Lub npe 'diabetes' tau muab rau ob qho tib si vim tias ob qho tib si ua rau nqhis dej ntau dhau thiab tso zis ntau zaus. Txawm li cas los xij, Diabetes Insipidus tsis tshua muaj.

Cov Hom Kab Mob Ntshav Qab Zib Feem Ntau

Zoo, tam sim no cia peb saib cov hom kab mob ntshav qab zib tseem ceeb. Tej zaum koj yuav tau hnov ​​​​​​txog cov npe no.

Kab mob ntshav qab zib hom 2

Qhov no yog hom ntshav qab zib uas feem ntau tshwm sim. Nws tshwm sim thaum koj lub cev tsis tsim cov insulin txaus, lossis koj lub cev cov cell tsis teb rau insulin kom zoo. Qhov no hu ua kev tiv thaiv insulin.Xav txog tias koj muaj tus yuam sij, tab sis lub xauv qhov rooj xeb thiab tsis ua haujlwm zoo. Qhov no feem ntau tshwm sim rau cov neeg laus, tab sis qee zaum nws kuj tuaj yeem tshwm sim rau cov menyuam yaus thiab.

Prediabetes

Qhov no yog ib theem ua ntej kev loj hlob ntawm Tus Kab Mob Ntshav Qab Zib Hom 2. Koj cov ntshav qab zib siab dua li qub, tab sis tsis siab txaus kom kuaj pom tias muaj Tus Kab Mob Ntshav Qab Zib Hom 2. Nws zoo li lub teeb daj, ib lub cim ceeb toom . Yog tias koj tswj nws kom zoo rau theem no, koj tuaj yeem tiv thaiv lossis ncua kev loj hlob ntawm Tus Kab Mob Ntshav Qab Zib Hom 2.

Kab mob ntshav qab zib hom 1

Qhov no yog ib yam kab mob autoimmune . Uas yog, koj lub cev lub cev tiv thaiv kab mob, rau qee qhov laj thawj tsis paub, tawm tsam thiab rhuav tshem cov hlwb tsim insulin hauv koj lub pancreas. Nws zoo li peb cov tub rog tawm tsam peb lub yeej. Kwv yees li 10% ntawm cov neeg uas muaj ntshav qab zib muaj hom no. Nws feem ntau kuaj pom hauv cov menyuam yaus thiab cov hluas, tab sis nws tuaj yeem tshwm sim thaum twg los tau.

Kab mob ntshav qab zib thaum cev xeeb tub

Qhov no yog ib hom kab mob ntshav qab zib uas qee tus poj niam muaj thaum cev xeeb tub. Feem ntau nws ploj mus tom qab yug tus me nyuam. Txawm li cas los xij, yog tias koj muaj kab mob ntshav qab zib thaum cev xeeb tub, koj muaj feem yuav mob ntshav qab zib hom 2 ntau dua thaum kawg ntawm lub neej.

Lwm Hom Kab Mob Ntshav Qab Zib

Ntxiv rau cov hom kab mob ntshav qab zib tseem ceeb no, muaj ntau hom kab mob ntshav qab zib ntxiv. Lawv tsis tshua muaj me ntsis, tab sis nws yog ib qho zoo uas yuav tsum paub txog lawv.

• Kab Mob Ntshav Qab Zib Hom 3c: Qhov no tshwm sim thaum muaj kev puas tsuaj (tsis yog kev puas tsuaj los ntawm tus kheej) rau koj lub pancreas, cuam tshuam rau nws lub peev xwm los tsim insulin. Piv txwv li, cov kab mob xws li pancreatitis, mob qog nqaij hlav pancreas, cystic fibrosis, thiab hemochromatosis tuaj yeem ua rau muaj mob no. Hom kab mob ntshav qab zib no kuj tuaj yeem tshwm sim yog tias lub pancreas raug phais tshem tawm (pancreatectomy).
• Kab Mob Ntshav Qab Zib Autoimmune Latent hauv Cov Neeg Laus (LADA): Qhov no kuj yog los ntawm kev tiv thaiv autoimmune, zoo li Kab Mob Ntshav Qab Zib Hom 1, tab sis nws tshwm sim hauv cov pej xeem laus dua li Hom 1. Cov neeg uas kuaj pom tias muaj LADA feem ntau muaj hnub nyoog tshaj 30 xyoo.
• Kab mob ntshav qab zib thaum tseem hluas (MODY): Qhov no kuj hu ua kab mob ntshav qab zib monogenic . Nws yog tshwm sim los ntawm kev hloov pauv caj ces uas tau kis mus rau ntau tiam neeg. Kev hloov pauv no cuam tshuam rau txoj kev uas koj lub cev tsim thiab siv insulin. Muaj ntau tshaj 10 hom MODY. Kwv yees li 5% ntawm cov neeg uas muaj kab mob ntshav qab zib yuav muaj hom no, thiab nws feem ntau khiav hauv tsev neeg.
• Kab mob ntshav qab zib rau menyuam mos:Qhov no yog ib hom kab mob ntshav qab zib tsawg heev uas tshwm sim rau cov menyuam mos hauv thawj rau lub hlis ntawm lub neej. Qhov no kuj yog ib hom kab mob ntshav qab zib monogenic.
• Kab Mob Ntshav Qab Zib Ntsws: Qhov no yog ib hom kab mob ntshav qab zib hom 1 hnyav heev. Nws yog tus cwj pwm los ntawm kev muaj ntshav qab zib ntau zaus thiab ntshav qab zib tsawg.

Kab mob ntshav qab zib feem ntau tshwm sim li cas?

Kab mob ntshav qab zib yog ib yam kab mob uas neeg feem ntau ntsib dua li koj xav. Muaj ntau lab tus tib neeg thoob plaws ntiaj teb uas muaj kab mob ntshav qab zib. Kab mob ntshav qab zib hom 2 yog hom kab mob uas neeg feem ntau ntsib. Cov ntaub ntawv qhia tias cov neeg uas muaj kab mob ntshav qab zib kuj nce ntxiv hauv peb lub tebchaws thiab. Yog li ntawd, nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb heev uas yuav tsum paub txog qhov no.

Cov tsos mob ntawm tus kab mob ntshav qab zib yog dab tsi? (Cov tsos mob ntawm tus kab mob ntshav qab zib yog dab tsi?)

Cov tsos mob ntawm tus kab mob ntshav qab zib yuav txawv ntawm ib tus neeg mus rau ib tus neeg, thiab lawv kuj tuaj yeem txawv nyob ntawm hom kab mob ntshav qab zib. Tab sis muaj qee cov tsos mob uas koj yuav ntsib. Yog tias koj muaj ib qho ntawm cov no, nws yog qhov zoo tshaj plaws mus ntsib kws kho mob kom tau txais kev qhia.

Cov tsos mob feem ntau:

• Nqhis dej ntau dhau (polydipsia) thiab qhov ncauj qhuav.
• Yuav tsum tau tso zis ntau zaus (tshwj xeeb tshaj yog thaum hmo ntuj)
• Qaug zog thiab qaug zog heev txawm tias pw tsaug zog zoo los xij.
• Pom kev tsis meej.
• Kev poob phaus yam tsis paub meej (tshwj xeeb tshaj yog nyob rau hauv hom 1 ntshav qab zib)
• Kev tsis muaj zog lossis tingling hauv cov ceg.
• Cov qhov txhab siv sijhawm los kho.
• Muaj cov kab mob poov xab ntau zaus ntawm daim tawv nqaij thiab/lossis qhov chaw mos.

Tseem Ceeb: Yog tias koj lossis koj tus menyuam muaj cov tsos mob no, nco ntsoov mus ntsib kws kho mob.

Tam sim no cia peb saib seb cov tsos mob sib txawv li cas nyob ntawm hom ntshav qab zib:

Cov tsos mob ntawm tus kab mob ntshav qab zib hom 1:

Cov tsos mob ntawm tus kab mob ntshav qab zib hom 1 tuaj yeem tshwm sim sai heev, dhau ob peb lub lis piam lossis ob peb lub hlis. Qee zaum, cov tsos mob tuaj yeem pib nrog cov cim ntawm qhov teeb meem txaus ntshai hu ua Diabetes-related Ketoacidosis (DKA) . DKA yog ib qho mob txaus ntshai uas yuav tsum tau kho mob tam sim ntawd. Cov tsos mob ntawm DKA suav nrog ntuav, mob plab, ua pa tsw qab txiv hmab txiv ntoo, thiab ua pa nyuaj.

Cov tsos mob ntawm Hom Kab Mob Ntshav Qab Zib 2 thiab Prediabetes:

Hauv cov hom no, tej zaum koj yuav tsis muaj tsos mob li. Los yog koj yuav tsis pom lawv vim tias cov tsos mob tshwm sim qeeb heev. Qee zaum, kev kuaj ntshav yooj yim tuaj yeem qhia tau cov ntshav qab zib ntau. Lwm lub cim ntawm prediabetes yog qhov tsaus ntawm daim tawv nqaij ntawm qee qhov chaw ntawm koj lub cev (xws li koj lub caj dab thiab caj npab). Qhov no hu ua acanthosis nigricans .

Cov tsos mob ntawm tus kab mob ntshav qab zib thaum cev xeeb tub:

Feem ntau koj yuav tsis pom cov tsos mob ntawm tus kab mob ntshav qab zib thaum cev xeeb tub. Koj tus kws kho mob yuav kuaj koj rau nws ntawm 24 thiab 28 lub lis piam ntawm cev xeeb tub.

Dab tsi ua rau mob ntshav qab zib?

Txawm yog hom ntshav qab zib twg los xij, ntshav qab zib tshwm sim thaum koj cov ntshav qab zib siab dhau. Txawm li cas los xij, qhov ua rau cov ntshav qab zib siab no txawv nyob ntawm hom ntshav qab zib.

Nov yog cov laj thawj tseem ceeb:

• Kev Tsis Txawj Insulin: Qhov no yog qhov ua rau muaj ntshav qab zib hom 2. Nws tuaj yeem tshwm sim los ntawm kev rog dhau, tsis tawm dag zog, noj zaub mov tsis zoo, tsis sib npaug ntawm cov tshuaj hormones, kev cuam tshuam los ntawm caj ces, thiab qee cov tshuaj.
• Kab Mob Autoimmune: Kab Mob Ntshav Qab Zib Hom 1 thiab LADA tshwm sim thaum koj lub cev tiv thaiv kab mob tawm tsam cov hlwb tsim insulin hauv koj lub txiav.
• Kev Tsis Sib Npaug ntawm Cov Tshuaj hormones: Thaum cev xeeb tub, cov tshuaj hormones uas lub placenta tso tawm tuaj yeem ua rau tsis kam insulin. Tsis tas li ntawd, lwm yam kab mob ntsig txog cov tshuaj hormones xws li acromegaly thiab Cushing's syndrome tuaj yeem ua rau muaj ntshav qab zib.
• Kev puas tsuaj rau lub pancreatic: Kev puas tsuaj rau lub pancreas tuaj yeem cuam tshuam rau nws lub peev xwm los tsim cov insulin, ua rau muaj ntshav qab zib hom 3c.
• Kev Hloov Pauv ntawm Cov noob caj noob ces: Qee qhov kev hloov pauv ntawm cov noob caj noob ces tuaj yeem ua rau muaj tus kab mob MODY thiab ntshav qab zib rau cov menyuam mos.

Kev siv qee yam tshuaj mus sij hawm ntev (piv txwv li, tshuaj rau HIV/AIDS, corticosteroids) kuj tuaj yeem ua rau mob ntshav qab zib.

Cov teeb meem ntawm tus kab mob ntshav qab zib yog dab tsi? (Cov teeb meem ntawm tus kab mob ntshav qab zib yog dab tsi?)

Yog tias tus kab mob ntshav qab zib tsis raug tswj kom zoo, yuav muaj ntau yam teeb meem loj heev thiab ntev mus.

Cov teeb meem mob ntshav qab zib:

Cov no tuaj yeem ua rau tuag taus thiab xav tau kev kho mob tam sim ntawd:

• Hyperosmolar Hyperglycemic State (HHS): Cov ntshav qab zib nce siab heev, ua rau lub cev qhuav dej thiab tsis meej pem.
• Kab mob ketoacidosis uas cuam tshuam nrog ntshav qab zib (DKA): Thaum lub cev tsis muaj insulin, cov rog raug hlawv kom tsim cov ketones, uas ua rau cov ntshav muaj kua qaub.
• Qis ntshav qab zib heev: Qis ntshav qab zib heev. Feem ntau tshwm sim rau cov neeg uas noj insulin. Tej zaum yuav tsum tau kho glucagon tam sim ntawd.

Cov teeb meem ntev ntawm tus kab mob ntshav qab zib:

Yog tias cov ntshav qab zib tseem siab ntev, cov hlab ntsha thiab cov hlab ntsha yuav raug puas tsuaj.

• Cov teeb meem ntawm lub plawv thiab cov hlab ntsha: Kab mob plawv, mob plawv nres, mob hlwb, atherosclerosis.
• Kev puas tsuaj rau cov hlab ntsha (Neuropathy): loog, mob.
• Nephropathy: Kev ua haujlwm tsis zoo ntawm lub raum.
• Kab mob qhov muag (Retinopathy): dig muag.
• Cov teeb meem ko taw uas cuam tshuam nrog ntshav qab zib, kev kis kab mob ntawm daim tawv nqaij, thiab kev txiav ceg.
• Kev ua tsis taus haujlwm ntawm kev sib deev, gastroparesis, hnov ​​​​​​lus tsis zoo, teeb meem kev noj qab haus huv ntawm qhov ncauj (piv txwv li, kab mob periodontal).

Kev nyob nrog tus kab mob ntshav qab zib kuj tseem tuaj yeem cuam tshuam rau koj txoj kev noj qab haus huv ntawm lub hlwb. Cov neeg uas muaj tus kab mob ntshav qab zib feem ntau yuav muaj kev nyuaj siab .

Yuav kuaj mob ntshav qab zib li cas?

Cov kws kho mob kuaj mob ntshav qab zib los ntawm kev kuaj koj cov piam thaj nrog cov ntshav kuaj. Muaj peb qhov kev kuaj tseem ceeb:

• Kev Ntsuas Ntshav Qab Zib Thaum Noj Mov: Kev ntsuas ua tom qab noj mov tau 8 teev.
• Kev Ntsuas Ntshav Qab Zib Random: Ua tau txhua lub sijhawm.
• Kev kuaj A1c (kev kuaj HbA1c): Qhia txog cov qib qab zib nruab nrab hauv cov ntshav dhau 2-3 lub hlis dhau los.

Yuav ua qhov kev kuaj ntshav qab zib hauv qhov ncauj los kuaj mob ntshav qab zib thaum cev xeeb tub.

Kev Tswj Kab Mob Ntshav Qab Zib Li Cas?

Muaj plaub qhov tseem ceeb ntawm kev tswj tus kab mob ntshav qab zib:

• Kev Soj Ntsuam Ntshav Qab Zib: Qhov no tuaj yeem ua tiav nrog lub ntsuas glucose lossis lub ntsuas glucose tas mus li (CGM).
• Cov Tshuaj Kho Mob Ntshav Qab Zib Hauv Qhov Ncauj: Cov tshuaj xws li Metformin, uas feem ntau yog sau rau cov ntshav qab zib hom 2 thiab prediabetes.
• Insulin: Tseem ceeb rau cov neeg mob ntshav qab zib hom 1. Qee tus neeg mob hom 2 kuj xav tau nws. Nws tuaj yeem noj ua lub koob txhaj tshuaj, cwj mem, twj, lossis insulin nqus pa.
• Kev Noj Haus: Kev noj haus zooThiab suav cov carbohydrates yog qhov tseem ceeb.
• Kev Ua Si: Kev ua si tsis tu ncua ua rau muaj kev rhiab heev ntawm insulin.

Tsis tas li ntawd, kev tswj hwm qhov hnyav kom zoo, ntshav siab , thiab cov roj cholesterol yog qhov tseem ceeb heev.

Kev kwv yees rau tus kab mob ntshav qab zib

Yav tom ntej ntawm tus kab mob ntshav qab zib nyob ntawm hom kab mob, yuav tswj nws li cas, hnub nyoog thaum kuaj pom, lwm yam kab mob, thiab teeb meem.

Tiam sis, qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws yog koj tuaj yeem ua lub neej noj qab nyob zoo nrog tus kab mob ntshav qab zib. Yuav ua li no, kev hloov pauv hauv koj txoj kev ua neej, kev tawm dag zog tsis tu ncua, kev tswj kev noj zaub mov, thiab kev kuaj ntshav qab zib tsis tu ncua yog qhov tseem ceeb heev.

Cov kev tshawb fawb qhia tau tias kev tswj hwm A1c theem hauv qab 7% tuaj yeem txo qhov kev pheej hmoo ntawm cov teeb meem.

Kuv Yuav Tiv Thaiv Kab Mob Ntshav Qab Zib Li Cas?

Kab mob ntshav qab zib uas los ntawm kev tiv thaiv kab mob thiab cov kab mob caj ces tsis tuaj yeem tiv thaiv tau. Txawm li cas los xij, koj tuaj yeem txo koj qhov kev pheej hmoo ntawm kev mob prediabetes, type 2 diabetes, thiab gestational diabetes los ntawm kev ua cov hauv qab no:

• Noj zaub mov kom zoo (piv txwv li, noj zaub mov Mediterranean ).
• Ua kom lub cev muaj zog (tsawg kawg 30 feeb ib hnub, 5 hnub ib lim tiam).
• Tswj koj qhov hnyav kom noj qab nyob zoo.
• Tswj kev ntxhov siab.
• Txwv kev haus cawv.
• Pw tsaug zog txaus.
• Tsum haus luam yeeb.

Thaum Twg Kuv Yuav Tsum Mus Ntsib Kuv Tus Kws Kho Mob?

Yog tias koj tseem tsis tau kuaj pom tias koj muaj tus kab mob ntshav qab zib, mus ntsib kws kho mob tam sim ntawd yog tias koj muaj cov tsos mob ntawm tus kab mob ntshav qab zib (piv txwv li, nqhis dej ntau dhau, tso zis ntau zaus).

Yog koj muaj ntshav qab zib, mus ntsib kws kho mob uas pab koj tswj koj tus kab mob ntshav qab zib (piv txwv li, tus kws kho mob endocrinologist) tsis tu ncua.

Thaum kawg, nco ntsoov qhov no (Cov Lus Coj Mus Tsev)

Kev kuaj pom tias muaj tus kab mob ntshav qab zib yog ib qho xwm txheej uas hloov pauv lub neej. Tab sis qhov ntawd tsis tau txhais hais tias koj yuav tsis muaj lub neej zoo siab thiab noj qab nyob zoo. Kev tswj tus kab mob ntshav qab zib xav tau kev saib xyuas thiab kev saib xyuas tas mus li. Txawm hais tias nws yuav zoo li nyuaj heev thaum xub thawj, dhau sijhawm koj yuav nkag siab zoo dua txog yuav ua li cas tswj tus mob thiab pib xav zoo dua txog koj lub cev.

Nco ntsoov mus ntsib koj cov kws kho mob tsis tu ncua. Kev tswj tus kab mob ntshav qab zib yog ib qho kev sib koom tes ua ke. Koj yuav xav tau kev txhawb nqa ntawm cov kws kho mob, cov phooj ywg, thiab tsev neeg. Tsis txhob ntshai thov kev pab los ntawm lawv yog tias koj xav tau. Nco ntsoov tias, koj tsis yog tib leeg xwb!

Kab mob ntshav qab zib, kab mob qab zib, insulin, ntshav qab zib, cov tsos mob ntawm kab mob ntshav qab zib, kev tswj kab mob ntshav qab zib, hom kab mob ntshav qab zib