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Cov Tshuaj Saline yog dab tsi? (IV Fluids)

Cov Tshuaj Saline yog dab tsi? (IV Fluids)

Tej zaum koj yuav tau pom, lossis hnov, ib tug neeg raug muab 'saline' hauv tsev kho mob. Ib lub cannula raug ntxig rau hauv caj npab, thiab cov kua dej raug pumped rau hauv lub cev los ntawm lub hnab dai ntawm lub rooj siab. Muaj ntau tus neeg ntshai me ntsis txog qhov no, thiab qee tus xav tias qhov no yog ib yam dab tsi uas tsuas yog muab rau cov mob hnyav xwb. Cov kua IV no, lossis saline uas peb txhua tus paub yog dab tsi? Nws raug muab rau hauv cov xwm txheej twg? Cia peb tham txog qhov no yooj yim thiab meej.

Vim li cas peb thiaj xav tau cov kua IV?

Hais yooj yim xwb, cov kua dej IV (intravenous) yog cov kua tshwj xeeb uas muab rau lub cev los ntawm cov leeg ntshav. Lub laj thawj tseem ceeb rau kev muab cov kua dej no yog los tiv thaiv lossis kho qhov qhuav dej , uas yog thaum lub cev cov dej thiab cov ntsev tseem ceeb poob qis heev.

Peb lub cev muaj 60% dej. Yog li xav txog seb yuav muaj li cas yog tias cov dej no txo ​​qis. Dej yog qhov tseem ceeb rau txhua lub cell thiab cov kab mob hauv lub cev. Yog tias ib tug neeg tsis tuaj yeem tswj tau qib dej hauv lub cev los ntawm kev haus dej los ntawm qhov ncauj, cov kua dej IV yuav tsum muaj.

Cov xwm txheej tseem ceeb uas yuav tsum tau txhaj tshuaj IV
Mob hnyav heev Thaum koj ntuav thiab raws plab hnyav heev, cov kua dej ntau heev yuav poob ntawm lub cev sai sai. Thaum lub sijhawm zoo li no, cov khoom noj uas noj los ntawm qhov ncauj yuav tsis nqus tau los ntawm lub cev.
Kev tawm dag zog thiab kub heev Thaum koj tsis haus dej txaus, ua si nawv ntau dhau, lossis raug tshav ntuj ntau heev, koj lub cev yuav poob dej ntau heev los ntawm kev hws.
Kev raug mob hnyav lossis kub hnyiab Hauv cov xwm txheej zoo li no, lub cev tuaj yeem poob dej ntau heev.
Kev phais mobTshwj xeeb tshaj yog thaum phais mob uas ua raws li kev siv tshuaj loog (muab tso rau hauv kev pw tsaug zog), cov kua IV raug muab vim tias tus neeg mob tsis tuaj yeem noj mov lossis haus dej thiab xav tau dej thaum lub sijhawm phais mob.

Cov teebmeem thiab cov tsos mob ntawm kev qhuav dej

Thaum lub cev qhuav dej, nws tuaj yeem cuam tshuam rau ntau yam.

  • Kev poob ntawm electrolyte sib npaug hauv lub cev.
  • Kev ua haujlwm ntawm lub hlwb thiab kev nco tsis zoo.
  • Tsis muaj zog, xav tias nkees txhua lub sijhawm.
  • Kev zom zaub mov tsis zoo thiab kev txav mus los ntawm txoj hnyuv.
  • Mob taub hau ntau zaus thiab hnyav zuj zus.
  • Kev puas tsuaj rau cov kabmob tseem ceeb xws li lub raum, lub plawv , thiab lub hlwb.
  • Tsis muaj zog hauv kev ua ub ua no.
  • Kev puas tsuaj ntawm daim tawv nqaij.

Tam sim no, cov no yog cov tsos mob feem ntau ntawm kev qhuav dej heev. Yog tias koj muaj ib lossis ntau yam ntawm cov no, nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb heev uas yuav tsum nrhiav kev pab kho mob tam sim ntawd.

Cov tsos mob Koj xav li cas / koj zoo li cas
kiv taub hau Hnov kiv taub hau thaum sawv ntsug lossis sawv.
qhov muag qhuav Muaj qhov muag qhuav mus txog rau qhov uas kua muag tsis tawm txawm tias thaum quaj los xij.
Daim di ncauj thiab tus nplaig qhuav Tsis muaj cov qaub ncaug, daim di ncauj tawg, thiab tus nplaig qhuav.
Daim tawv nqaij qhuav Daim tawv nqaij qhuav, ntsws, thiab qee zaum muaj cov pob tshwm rau ntawm daim tawv nqaij.
Kev qaug zog Txawm tias tsis tau ua haujlwm dab tsi los xij, koj yuav xav tias koj nkees heev.
Ua pa sai Ua pa ceev dua li qub.
Tes thiab taw txias Hnov txias thaum kov tes thiab taw.
Tso zis tsawg dua Tso zis tsawg dua plaub zaug hauv ib hnub thiab cov zis uas tawm los yog xim daj tsaus.

Cov kua IV muaj hom dab tsi?

Koj tus kws kho mob yuav txiav txim siab seb koj xav tau hom kua IV twg. Nws yuav txawv nyob ntawm koj tus mob. Muaj ob hom tseem ceeb.

Cov Kev daws teeb meem Crystalloid

Cov no yog cov uas siv ntau tshaj plaws. Cov khoom me me hauv cov kua no yooj yim hla peb cov ntshav mus rau hauv peb cov hlwb.

  • Cov Ntshav Qab Zib Ib Txwm : Qhov no yog yam uas peb txhua tus paub tias yog 'ntses'. Hais yooj yim xwb, nws muaj dej thiab ntsev ( sodium chloride).
  • D5W: Qhov no muaj dextrose, uas yog ib hom suab thaj, thiab dej.
  • Lactated Ringer's: Qhov no muaj sodium, chloride, potassium, calcium, thiab lactate. Nws yog siv thaum muaj dej ntau heev uas yuav tsum tau muab rau lub cev sai sai.

Cov tshuaj Colloid

Cov no yog cov khoom me me uas loj heev. Lawv tsis yooj yim nkag mus rau hauv cov hlwb thiab feem ntau nyob hauv cov ntshav. Albumin thiab hetastarch yog cov piv txwv ntawm qhov no.

Yuav muaj dab tsi tshwm sim thaum muab IV tso rau hauv?

Cov txheej txheem no yog ua los ntawm tus kws kho mob lossis tus kws tu neeg mob uas tau kawm tiav. Nws yog ib qho txheej txheem maj mam heev.

1. Ua ntej, peb txiav txim siab seb koj xav tau hom thiab ntau npaum li cas ntawm cov kua IV raws li koj qhov hnyav, hnub nyoog, thiab mob nkeeg.

2. Tom ntej no, qhov chaw uas yuav muab lub cannula ntxig rau (feem ntau yog sab hauv ntawm lub luj tshib lossis sab caj npab sab saud) yuav tsum tau ntxuav kom huv si nrog cov tshuaj tua kab mob .

3. Muab ib txoj hlua roj hmab khi rau sab caj npab sab saud kom pom cov leeg ntshav.

4. Xaiv ib txoj hlab ntshav uas haum thiab muab ib lub cannula (ib lub raj yas me me uas muaj ib rab koob) uas tau ntxuav kom huv lawm tso rau hauv. Thaum no , koj yuav hnov ​​me ntsis qhov mob, tab sis nws tsuas yog ib ntus xwb.

5. Thaum twg muab lub cannula ntxig rau hauv cov leeg ntshav lawm, ces txoj hlua roj hmab yuav raug tshem tawm.

6. Lub cannula raug khi rau ntawm caj npab nrog ib daim plaster kom tiv thaiv nws kom tsis txhob txav mus los.

7. Tom qab ntawd, lub raj ntev txuas nrog lub hnab kua IV txuas nrog lub cannula.

8. Lub hnab kua IV raug dai rau ntawm lub rooj sawv siab (IV stand), thiab cov kua raug thawb mus rau hauv lub cev ntawm qhov nrawm teem tseg los ntawm lub tshuab twj lossis los ntawm lub ntiajteb txawj nqus.

9. Cov neeg ua haujlwm kho mob saib xyuas cov txheej txheem no tas li.

Yog tias koj xav tias qhov ntws ntawm cov tshuaj ntau dhau/qis dhau thaum lub sijhawm uas cov tshuaj IV nyob hauv qhov chaw, yog tias lub cannula mob, yog tias lub cannula zoo li xoob, yog tias koj mob taub hau, lossis yog tias koj ua pa nyuaj, qhia rau koj tus kws kho mob lossis tus nais tam sim ntawd.

Cov txiaj ntsig thiab kev pheej hmoo ntawm qhov no yog dab tsi?

Kev haus dej kom rov qab muaj zog, lossis muab dej rau hauv cov leeg ntshav, yog ib qho txheej txheem uas siv ntau heev, yooj yim, thiab muaj kev nyab xeeb. Nws kuj pab tau sai sai. Nws tseem tuaj yeem pab cawm txoj sia ntawm ib tus neeg uas mob hnyav heev.

Txawm li cas los xij, muaj qee qhov teeb meem uas tshwm sim tsawg heev. Tsis tas yuav txhawj txog cov no, tab sis nws yog qhov zoo kom paub txog.

Kev nyuaj siab Qhov ntawd txhais li cas?
Kev Mob Hlwb Los Ntawm Huab Cua Cua nkag mus rau hauv cov leeg ntshav los ntawm txoj kab IV. Qhov no tsis tshua muaj, tab sis tuaj yeem ua rau mob hnyav.
Cov leeg ntshav uas tawg Thaum muab lub cannula ntxig rau hauv lossis tso rau hauv qhov chaw ntev ntev, cov leeg ntshav yuav nqaim. Yog li ntawd, cov neeg ua haujlwm kho mob yuav siv lwm txoj leeg ntshav.
Kev Ua Kua Ntau DhauHaus dej ntau dhau sai sai ua rau mob taub hau, ntshav siab, thiab ua pa nyuaj. Qhov no yuav zam tau los ntawm kev kho cov dej hauv cov ntshav.
Cov ntshav txhaws (Hematoma) Ntshav los ntawm cov leeg ntshav mus rau hauv cov nqaij ib puag ncig. Nws zoo li qhov mob thiab yuav kho tau hauv ob peb lub lis piam.
Kev kis kab mob Yog tias qhov chaw ntxig cannula tsis tau ntxuav kom huv, kev kis kab mob yuav tshwm sim. Cov tshuaj tua kab mob tuaj yeem kho tau lawv.
Cov kua dej xau (Infiltration) Cov kua dej tuaj yeem tawm ntawm cov leeg ntshav mus rau hauv cov nqaij vim yog kev txav ntawm lub cannula. Tej zaum yuav muaj mob me me thiab mob nqaij tab sis yooj yim kho.
Phlebitis (o ntawm cov leeg ntshav) Qhov IV ua rau cov leeg ntshav o. Qhov no yog ib qho uas tshwm sim ntau heev thiab tuaj yeem kho tau los ntawm kev tshem lub cannula, siv cua sov, thiab tsa koj txhais caj npab.

Cov Lus Qhia Txog Kev Coj Mus Tsev

  • Cov kua dej IV, lossis 'saline', yog kev kho mob uas muab rau qhov tsis muaj dej thiab ntsev hauv lub cev (dehydration).
  • Kev qhuav dej tsis yog ib yam uas yuav tsum tau saib yooj yim. Yog tias koj muaj cov tsos mob hnyav ntawm kev qhuav dej, nrhiav kev pab kho mob tam sim ntawd.
  • Kev muab cov kua dej rau hauv cov hlab ntsha yog ib qho kev kho mob uas muaj kev nyab xeeb heev uas feem ntau ua hauv tsev kho mob. Tsis txhob ntshai ua li ntawd yam tsis tsim nyog.
  • Tom qab koj kuaj xyuas koj tus mob, koj tus kws kho mob yuav txiav txim siab seb hom thiab ntau npaum li cas ntawm cov kua IV uas koj xav tau.
  • Yog tias koj xav tias tsis xis nyob thaum lub sijhawm IV nyob rau hauv qhov chaw, qhia rau tus kws kho mob lossis tus nais maum paub tam sim ntawd.

Cov kua IV, saline, dehydration, dehydration, saline, cannula, cov kua intravenous, vim li cas thiaj muab IV?
⚠️ Important: The medical articles and information on Nirogi Lanka are for general awareness only, and are by no means a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment. For any medical problem you have, consult a qualified physician immediately.

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Tsis muaj lus teb tau muab tso tawm. Ntxiv koj cov lus tawm ntawm no thawj zaug.

Ntxiv koj cov lus

Thov xam: 1 + 3 =
Cov Tshuaj Saline yog dab tsi? (IV Fluids)

Cov Tshuaj Saline yog dab tsi? (IV Fluids)

Tej zaum koj yuav tau pom, lossis hnov, ib tug neeg raug muab 'saline' hauv tsev kho mob. Ib lub cannula raug ntxig rau hauv caj npab, thiab cov kua dej raug pumped rau hauv lub cev los ntawm lub hnab dai ntawm lub rooj siab. Muaj ntau tus neeg ntshai me ntsis txog qhov no, thiab qee tus xav tias qhov no yog ib yam dab tsi uas tsuas yog muab rau cov mob hnyav xwb. Cov kua IV no, lossis saline uas peb txhua tus paub yog dab tsi? Nws raug muab rau hauv cov xwm txheej twg? Cia peb tham txog qhov no yooj yim thiab meej.

Vim li cas peb thiaj xav tau cov kua IV?

Hais yooj yim xwb, cov kua dej IV (intravenous) yog cov kua tshwj xeeb uas muab rau lub cev los ntawm cov leeg ntshav. Lub laj thawj tseem ceeb rau kev muab cov kua dej no yog los tiv thaiv lossis kho qhov qhuav dej , uas yog thaum lub cev cov dej thiab cov ntsev tseem ceeb poob qis heev.

Peb lub cev muaj 60% dej. Yog li xav txog seb yuav muaj li cas yog tias cov dej no txo ​​qis. Dej yog qhov tseem ceeb rau txhua lub cell thiab cov kab mob hauv lub cev. Yog tias ib tug neeg tsis tuaj yeem tswj tau qib dej hauv lub cev los ntawm kev haus dej los ntawm qhov ncauj, cov kua dej IV yuav tsum muaj.

Cov xwm txheej tseem ceeb uas yuav tsum tau txhaj tshuaj IV
Mob hnyav heev Thaum koj ntuav thiab raws plab hnyav heev, cov kua dej ntau heev yuav poob ntawm lub cev sai sai. Thaum lub sijhawm zoo li no, cov khoom noj uas noj los ntawm qhov ncauj yuav tsis nqus tau los ntawm lub cev.
Kev tawm dag zog thiab kub heev Thaum koj tsis haus dej txaus, ua si nawv ntau dhau, lossis raug tshav ntuj ntau heev, koj lub cev yuav poob dej ntau heev los ntawm kev hws.
Kev raug mob hnyav lossis kub hnyiab Hauv cov xwm txheej zoo li no, lub cev tuaj yeem poob dej ntau heev.
Kev phais mobTshwj xeeb tshaj yog thaum phais mob uas ua raws li kev siv tshuaj loog (muab tso rau hauv kev pw tsaug zog), cov kua IV raug muab vim tias tus neeg mob tsis tuaj yeem noj mov lossis haus dej thiab xav tau dej thaum lub sijhawm phais mob.

Cov teebmeem thiab cov tsos mob ntawm kev qhuav dej

Thaum lub cev qhuav dej, nws tuaj yeem cuam tshuam rau ntau yam.

  • Kev poob ntawm electrolyte sib npaug hauv lub cev.
  • Kev ua haujlwm ntawm lub hlwb thiab kev nco tsis zoo.
  • Tsis muaj zog, xav tias nkees txhua lub sijhawm.
  • Kev zom zaub mov tsis zoo thiab kev txav mus los ntawm txoj hnyuv.
  • Mob taub hau ntau zaus thiab hnyav zuj zus.
  • Kev puas tsuaj rau cov kabmob tseem ceeb xws li lub raum, lub plawv , thiab lub hlwb.
  • Tsis muaj zog hauv kev ua ub ua no.
  • Kev puas tsuaj ntawm daim tawv nqaij.

Tam sim no, cov no yog cov tsos mob feem ntau ntawm kev qhuav dej heev. Yog tias koj muaj ib lossis ntau yam ntawm cov no, nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb heev uas yuav tsum nrhiav kev pab kho mob tam sim ntawd.

Cov tsos mob Koj xav li cas / koj zoo li cas
kiv taub hau Hnov kiv taub hau thaum sawv ntsug lossis sawv.
qhov muag qhuav Muaj qhov muag qhuav mus txog rau qhov uas kua muag tsis tawm txawm tias thaum quaj los xij.
Daim di ncauj thiab tus nplaig qhuav Tsis muaj cov qaub ncaug, daim di ncauj tawg, thiab tus nplaig qhuav.
Daim tawv nqaij qhuav Daim tawv nqaij qhuav, ntsws, thiab qee zaum muaj cov pob tshwm rau ntawm daim tawv nqaij.
Kev qaug zog Txawm tias tsis tau ua haujlwm dab tsi los xij, koj yuav xav tias koj nkees heev.
Ua pa sai Ua pa ceev dua li qub.
Tes thiab taw txias Hnov txias thaum kov tes thiab taw.
Tso zis tsawg dua Tso zis tsawg dua plaub zaug hauv ib hnub thiab cov zis uas tawm los yog xim daj tsaus.

Cov kua IV muaj hom dab tsi?

Koj tus kws kho mob yuav txiav txim siab seb koj xav tau hom kua IV twg. Nws yuav txawv nyob ntawm koj tus mob. Muaj ob hom tseem ceeb.

Cov Kev daws teeb meem Crystalloid

Cov no yog cov uas siv ntau tshaj plaws. Cov khoom me me hauv cov kua no yooj yim hla peb cov ntshav mus rau hauv peb cov hlwb.

  • Cov Ntshav Qab Zib Ib Txwm : Qhov no yog yam uas peb txhua tus paub tias yog 'ntses'. Hais yooj yim xwb, nws muaj dej thiab ntsev ( sodium chloride).
  • D5W: Qhov no muaj dextrose, uas yog ib hom suab thaj, thiab dej.
  • Lactated Ringer's: Qhov no muaj sodium, chloride, potassium, calcium, thiab lactate. Nws yog siv thaum muaj dej ntau heev uas yuav tsum tau muab rau lub cev sai sai.

Cov tshuaj Colloid

Cov no yog cov khoom me me uas loj heev. Lawv tsis yooj yim nkag mus rau hauv cov hlwb thiab feem ntau nyob hauv cov ntshav. Albumin thiab hetastarch yog cov piv txwv ntawm qhov no.

Yuav muaj dab tsi tshwm sim thaum muab IV tso rau hauv?

Cov txheej txheem no yog ua los ntawm tus kws kho mob lossis tus kws tu neeg mob uas tau kawm tiav. Nws yog ib qho txheej txheem maj mam heev.

1. Ua ntej, peb txiav txim siab seb koj xav tau hom thiab ntau npaum li cas ntawm cov kua IV raws li koj qhov hnyav, hnub nyoog, thiab mob nkeeg.

2. Tom ntej no, qhov chaw uas yuav muab lub cannula ntxig rau (feem ntau yog sab hauv ntawm lub luj tshib lossis sab caj npab sab saud) yuav tsum tau ntxuav kom huv si nrog cov tshuaj tua kab mob .

3. Muab ib txoj hlua roj hmab khi rau sab caj npab sab saud kom pom cov leeg ntshav.

4. Xaiv ib txoj hlab ntshav uas haum thiab muab ib lub cannula (ib lub raj yas me me uas muaj ib rab koob) uas tau ntxuav kom huv lawm tso rau hauv. Thaum no , koj yuav hnov ​​me ntsis qhov mob, tab sis nws tsuas yog ib ntus xwb.

5. Thaum twg muab lub cannula ntxig rau hauv cov leeg ntshav lawm, ces txoj hlua roj hmab yuav raug tshem tawm.

6. Lub cannula raug khi rau ntawm caj npab nrog ib daim plaster kom tiv thaiv nws kom tsis txhob txav mus los.

7. Tom qab ntawd, lub raj ntev txuas nrog lub hnab kua IV txuas nrog lub cannula.

8. Lub hnab kua IV raug dai rau ntawm lub rooj sawv siab (IV stand), thiab cov kua raug thawb mus rau hauv lub cev ntawm qhov nrawm teem tseg los ntawm lub tshuab twj lossis los ntawm lub ntiajteb txawj nqus.

9. Cov neeg ua haujlwm kho mob saib xyuas cov txheej txheem no tas li.

Yog tias koj xav tias qhov ntws ntawm cov tshuaj ntau dhau/qis dhau thaum lub sijhawm uas cov tshuaj IV nyob hauv qhov chaw, yog tias lub cannula mob, yog tias lub cannula zoo li xoob, yog tias koj mob taub hau, lossis yog tias koj ua pa nyuaj, qhia rau koj tus kws kho mob lossis tus nais tam sim ntawd.

Cov txiaj ntsig thiab kev pheej hmoo ntawm qhov no yog dab tsi?

Kev haus dej kom rov qab muaj zog, lossis muab dej rau hauv cov leeg ntshav, yog ib qho txheej txheem uas siv ntau heev, yooj yim, thiab muaj kev nyab xeeb. Nws kuj pab tau sai sai. Nws tseem tuaj yeem pab cawm txoj sia ntawm ib tus neeg uas mob hnyav heev.

Txawm li cas los xij, muaj qee qhov teeb meem uas tshwm sim tsawg heev. Tsis tas yuav txhawj txog cov no, tab sis nws yog qhov zoo kom paub txog.

Kev nyuaj siab Qhov ntawd txhais li cas?
Kev Mob Hlwb Los Ntawm Huab Cua Cua nkag mus rau hauv cov leeg ntshav los ntawm txoj kab IV. Qhov no tsis tshua muaj, tab sis tuaj yeem ua rau mob hnyav.
Cov leeg ntshav uas tawg Thaum muab lub cannula ntxig rau hauv lossis tso rau hauv qhov chaw ntev ntev, cov leeg ntshav yuav nqaim. Yog li ntawd, cov neeg ua haujlwm kho mob yuav siv lwm txoj leeg ntshav.
Kev Ua Kua Ntau DhauHaus dej ntau dhau sai sai ua rau mob taub hau, ntshav siab, thiab ua pa nyuaj. Qhov no yuav zam tau los ntawm kev kho cov dej hauv cov ntshav.
Cov ntshav txhaws (Hematoma) Ntshav los ntawm cov leeg ntshav mus rau hauv cov nqaij ib puag ncig. Nws zoo li qhov mob thiab yuav kho tau hauv ob peb lub lis piam.
Kev kis kab mob Yog tias qhov chaw ntxig cannula tsis tau ntxuav kom huv, kev kis kab mob yuav tshwm sim. Cov tshuaj tua kab mob tuaj yeem kho tau lawv.
Cov kua dej xau (Infiltration) Cov kua dej tuaj yeem tawm ntawm cov leeg ntshav mus rau hauv cov nqaij vim yog kev txav ntawm lub cannula. Tej zaum yuav muaj mob me me thiab mob nqaij tab sis yooj yim kho.
Phlebitis (o ntawm cov leeg ntshav) Qhov IV ua rau cov leeg ntshav o. Qhov no yog ib qho uas tshwm sim ntau heev thiab tuaj yeem kho tau los ntawm kev tshem lub cannula, siv cua sov, thiab tsa koj txhais caj npab.

Cov Lus Qhia Txog Kev Coj Mus Tsev

  • Cov kua dej IV, lossis 'saline', yog kev kho mob uas muab rau qhov tsis muaj dej thiab ntsev hauv lub cev (dehydration).
  • Kev qhuav dej tsis yog ib yam uas yuav tsum tau saib yooj yim. Yog tias koj muaj cov tsos mob hnyav ntawm kev qhuav dej, nrhiav kev pab kho mob tam sim ntawd.
  • Kev muab cov kua dej rau hauv cov hlab ntsha yog ib qho kev kho mob uas muaj kev nyab xeeb heev uas feem ntau ua hauv tsev kho mob. Tsis txhob ntshai ua li ntawd yam tsis tsim nyog.
  • Tom qab koj kuaj xyuas koj tus mob, koj tus kws kho mob yuav txiav txim siab seb hom thiab ntau npaum li cas ntawm cov kua IV uas koj xav tau.
  • Yog tias koj xav tias tsis xis nyob thaum lub sijhawm IV nyob rau hauv qhov chaw, qhia rau tus kws kho mob lossis tus nais maum paub tam sim ntawd.

Cov kua IV, saline, dehydration, dehydration, saline, cannula, cov kua intravenous, vim li cas thiaj muab IV?
⚠️ Important: The medical articles and information on Nirogi Lanka are for general awareness only, and are by no means a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment. For any medical problem you have, consult a qualified physician immediately.

💬 Comments (0)

Tsis muaj lus teb tau muab tso tawm. Ntxiv koj cov lus tawm ntawm no thawj zaug.

Ntxiv koj cov lus

Thov xam: 1 + 3 =