Koj puas tau hnov ​​txog ib yam kab mob uas cuam tshuam rau cov hlwb dawb (White Matter Disease)? Cia peb tham txog nws!

Puas muaj tej lub sij hawm koj xav tias koj lub cim xeeb tsis zoo zuj zus thaum koj laus zuj zus? Los yog koj puas xav tias koj tsis muaj zog thaum koj taug kev lossis ua tej yam? Tej zaum cov no yog tej yam ib txwm muaj uas los nrog lub hnub nyoog. Txawm li cas los xij, tej zaum yuav muaj ib qho laj thawj tom qab cov tsos mob no uas koj yuav tsum ceev faj ntxiv me ntsis. Zoo, hnub no peb yuav tham txog ib qho mob uas cuam tshuam rau cov khoom dawb ntawm peb lub hlwb.

Kab mob dab tsi uas cuam tshuam rau cov hlwb dawb (White Matter Disease)?

Hais yooj yim xwb, nws yog ib lo lus dav dav rau kev puas tsuaj thiab kev hloov pauv rau cov khoom dawb hauv peb lub hlwb. Xav txog cov khoom dawb no ua ib lub network ntawm "kev loj" uas txuas ntau qhov ntawm peb lub hlwb rau ib leeg, nrog rau lub hlwb thiab tus txha caj qaum. Teeb meem pib thaum cov "kev loj" no puas tsuaj.

Qhov mob no qee zaum hu ua kab mob hlab ntsha me me hauv lub hlwb lossis kab mob microvascular . Nws tuaj yeem tshwm sim thaum laus thiab kev hloov pauv ntawm cov hlab ntsha hauv lub hlwb cov khoom dawb. Nws tuaj yeem yog qhov me me, nruab nrab, lossis hnyav .

Thaum koj cov hlwb dawb raug puas tsuaj, nws yuav dhau los ua qhov txhab dawb . Cov kws kho mob tuaj yeem pom cov no ua cov chaw ci ntsa iab ntawm daim duab magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) ntawm lub hlwb. Qee zaum cov qhov txhab no yuav tsis ua rau muaj cov tsos mob loj, thiab nws yog "ib txwm" uas muaj qee qhov ntawm lawv thaum peb laus zuj zus. Txawm li cas los xij, qee qhov mob tuaj yeem ua rau puas tsuaj rau "kev loj" tseem ceeb hauv lub hlwb, ua rau muaj teeb meem nrog kev nco, kev sib npaug, thiab kev taug kev .

Feem ntau, cov neeg uas muaj cov teeb meem dawb ntau dua (uas yog, muaj kab mob dawb ntau dua) feem ntau muaj cov tsos mob ntau dua .

Tus kab mob dawb no muaj feem cuam tshuam nrog cov yam ua rau muaj kab mob plawv . Cov kws tshawb fawb ntseeg tias nws yog ib qho cim qhia txog kev pheej hmoo ntawm kev mob stroke, dementia, thiab kev tsis taus thoob plaws lub neej.

Cov khoom dawb no yog dab tsi tiag?

Cov khoom dawb yog ib lub network loj ntawm cov hlab ntsha (axons) hauv peb lub hlwb. Qhov no yog qhov chaw uas cov ntaub ntawv sib pauv thiab kev sib txuas lus tshwm sim ntawm ntau qhov chaw ntawm lub hlwb. Nws hu ua "cov khoom dawb" vim tias cov hlab ntsha no nyob ib puag ncig los ntawm ib lub hnab tiv thaiv hu ua myelin . Nws yog vim myelin ntawd uas cov ntaub so ntswg no tau txais nws cov xim dawb.

Koj lub hlwb muaj cov xim grey nyob rau saum npoo thiab qhov tob. Nws tau txais nws cov xim grey los ntawm cov cell bodies ntawm cov hlab ntsha (neurons).

Yuav kom peb cov ntshav dawb noj qab nyob zoo, nws xav tau cov ntshav thiab cov as-ham zoo .

Ib yam li cov nyom hauv peb lub vaj xav tau dej, tshav ntuj, thiab rab rake kom nws zoo nkauj, cov khoom dawb hauv lub hlwb tuaj yeem puas tsuaj yog tias nws tsis muaj cov ntshav thiab cov khoom noj khoom haus zoo.

Kev tsis muaj ntshav txaus (hu ua ischemia ) thiab kev tsis muaj cov as-ham txaus tuaj yeem ua rau cov hlab ntsha no puas tsuaj. Lawv tuaj yeem o, tawg, lossis tuag tag.

Leej twg raug kev txom nyem tshaj plaws los ntawm tus kab mob dawb no?

Txawm hais tias nws tuaj yeem tshwm sim rau txhua tus neeg, nws feem ntau tshwm sim rau cov neeg hnub nyoog tshaj 60 xyoo thiab cov neeg uas muaj kab mob plawv .

Ib txhia cov tub ntxhais hluas, piv txwv li cov neeg uas muaj mob xws li mob taub hau loj heev (migraines ), tej zaum yuav muaj ob peb qhov teeb meem dawb ntawm daim duab MRI ntawm lub hlwb. Txawm li cas los xij, nrog rau hnub nyoog thiab kev nce ntxiv ntawm cov yam ntxwv uas tsis tuaj yeem tswj tau rau kab mob plawv, tus lej ntawm cov teeb meem no yuav nce ntxiv.

Tej zaum ib txhia neeg yuav muaj feem yuav mob no vim yog tej yam uas ua rau muaj kev pheej hmoo ntawm cov noob caj noob ces .

Tus mob no feem ntau tshwm sim li cas?

Kab mob dawb yog ib yam mob uas tshwm sim ntau heev , cuam tshuam rau ntau dua ib nrab ntawm cov neeg hnub nyoog tshaj 60 xyoo.

Cov tsos mob ntawm tus kab mob dawb no yog dab tsi?

Nov yog qee cov tsos mob uas yuav tshwm sim hauv qhov xwm txheej no:

• Teeb meem nco qab .
• Kev taug kev qeeb .
• Teeb meem sib npaug thiab ntog ntau zaus .
• Ua ob lossis ntau yam tib lub sijhawm nyuaj , piv txwv li, taug kev thaum tham.
• Kev hloov pauv ntawm lub siab , tej yam mob xws li kev nyuaj siab .
• Nyuaj tswj cov zis (urinary incontinence) .

Cov tsos mob no feem ntau tshwm sim rau cov neeg uas muaj kab mob hnyav dua .

Tiam sis nco ntsoov, ntau yam ntawm cov tsos mob no tuaj yeem tshwm sim los ntawm kev hloov pauv ib txwm muaj uas los nrog kev laus, lossis los ntawm lwm yam mob xws li mob pob qij txha, mob ntshav qab zib cuam tshuam nrog neuropathy, Alzheimer's dementia, lossis pw tsis tsaug zog . Txawm li cas los xij, yog tias cov tsos mob no tshwm sim thiab hnyav zuj zus sai heev, nws yog qhov teeb meem txhawj xeeb.

Qee zaum, kab mob dawb pom tau tias muaj teeb meem thaum lub sijhawm MRI ntawm lub hlwb vim lwm yam. Tej zaum ib txhia neeg yuav muaj kab mob no tab sis tsis muaj tsos mob (tsis muaj tsos mob). Zoo dua nrog koj tus kws kho mob tham seb koj cov tsos mob puas yog vim kab mob dawb lossis yog vim lwm yam.

Dab tsi ua rau muaj tus kab mob dawb no?

Cov kws tshawb nrhiav tseem tab tom tshawb nrhiav tus kab mob thiab nws cov ua rau muaj tus kab mob no. Tam sim no, lawv ntseeg tias cov ntshav ntws mus rau cov hlab ntsha hauv cov ntshav dawb tsis tu ncua yog qhov ua rau muaj tus kab mob no.Qhov no yog vim cov fibers no puas lawm.

Thaum peb laus zuj zus, peb cov hlab ntsha yuav tawv thiab tsis ywj pheej . Qhov no tuaj yeem txo cov ntshav ntws mus rau cov hlab ntsha hauv lub hlwb thiab ua puas rau cov ntshav dawb.

Nws kuj tseem tuaj yeem tshwm sim los ntawm ib qho mob hu ua atherosclerosis . Qhov no yog thaum cov plaque sib sau ua ke hauv peb cov hlab ntsha dhau sijhawm, ua rau cov phab ntsa ntawm cov hlab ntsha tuab thiab tawv. Qhov no tuaj yeem cuam tshuam rau txhua cov hlab ntsha hauv lub cev, suav nrog cov hlab ntsha hauv lub hlwb.

Muaj tej yam ua rau mob plawv xws li ntshav siab, ntshav qab zib ntau vim yog ntshav qab zib, roj cholesterol ntau hauv kev noj haus, thiab kev haus luam yeeb , tuaj yeem ua rau muaj cov teeb meem dawb hauv koj lub hlwb ntau ntxiv.

Lwm yam ua rau muaj cov teeb meem dawb

Txhua yam txheej txheem uas ua rau muaj kev hloov pauv ntawm cov tshuaj lom neeg ntawm cov hlab ntsha uas muaj myelin npog, puas tsuaj, lossis txo cov ntshav ntws (ischemia), tuaj yeem tshwm sim ua cov teeb meem dawb ntawm MRI scan.

Txawm hais tias tus kab mob dawb yog ib pawg ntawm cov qhov txhab dawb uas tshwm sim los ntawm cov teeb meem ntawm cov hlab ntsha, koj kuj tseem tuaj yeem tsim cov qhov txhab me me dawb rau lwm yam. Piv txwv li, cov qhov txhab no tuaj yeem pom hauv cov kab mob demyelinating inflammatory xws li multiple sclerosis (MS) thiab hauv cov mob caj ces xws li leukodystrophy .

Cov kws kho mob xws li cov kws kho mob hlwb thiab cov kws kho mob hlwb feem ntau tuaj yeem paub qhov txawv ntawm cov kab mob dawb thiab lwm yam ua rau muaj cov qhov txhab raws li lawv qhov chaw nyob hauv lub hlwb ntawm daim duab MRI. Qee zaum yuav tsum tau kuaj ntxiv kom paub meej tias yog vim li cas cov qhov txhab dawb pom ntawm daim duab MRI.

Yuav kuaj mob li cas rau tus kab mob dawb no?

Txoj kev tseem ceeb los kuaj mob no yog siv lub tshuab magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scan ntawm lub hlwb . Lub tshuab MRI scan yog ib qho kev kuaj mob uas tsis mob thiab tsim cov duab meej heev ntawm ntau qhov ntawm lub cev. Lub tshuab MRI siv lub hlau nplaum loj, cov nthwv dej xov tooj cua, thiab lub khoos phis tawj los tsim cov duab ntxaws ntxaws no, yam tsis siv hluav taws xob (tsis muaj X-rays).

Kev luam theej duab MRI ntawm lub hlwb tuaj yeem pab cov kws kho mob pom qhov kev puas tsuaj rau cov hlwb dawb ntawm koj lub hlwb thiab kuaj mob cov hlwb dawb.

Cov kev hloov pauv ntawm cov khoom dawb zoo li cov qhov txhab ntawm MRI. Cov kev hloov pauv ntawm cov khoom dawb no yuav raug sau ntau txoj hauv kev ntawm daim ntawv qhia MRI:

• Kab mob lossis cov qhov txhab ntawm lub hlwb lossis subcortical dawb matter.
• Kab mob me me ntawm cov hlab ntsha.
• Kev hloov pauv dawb tsis tshwj xeeb.
• T2 hyperintensities (raug mob).

Qee zaum, koj tus kws kho mob yuav pom cov cim qhia tias muaj kab mob dawb raws li cov txiaj ntsig ntawm kev ntsuas MRI uas koj tau muaj rau lwm yam mob. Lwm lub sijhawm, koj tus kws kho mob yuav hais kom ua MRI yog tias lawv nrhiav tsis tau lwm yam ua rau koj cov tsos mob, xws li teeb meem nrog kev sib npaug thiab kev nco.

Txawm hais tias muaj lwm yam kev kuaj duab, xws li CT scans (Computed Tomography scans) , magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) muaj cov duab zoo tshaj plaws thiab rhiab heev rau kev kuaj mob kab mob dawb.

Thaum kuaj pom tus kab mob no, koj tus kws kho mob kuj tseem yuav kuaj xyuas koj lub paj hlwb kom paub seb koj muaj cov tsos mob dab tsi.

Vim tias kab mob dawb muaj feem cuam tshuam nrog cov yam ua rau muaj kab mob plawv, koj tus kws kho mob kuj tseem yuav xaj kom kuaj ntshav zoo li no los ntsuas koj qhov kev pheej hmoo:

• Kev sib xyaw ua ke ntawm cov txheej txheem metabolic .
• Cov roj cholesterol hauv cov ntshav (saib cov ntaub ntawv ntawm cov roj cholesterol).
• Kev kuaj ntshav glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) (saib qhov xwm txheej ntawm tus kab mob ntshav qab zib).

Yuav kho tus kab mob dawb no li cas?

Thaum kho tus kab mob no, cov kws kho mob feem ntau tsom mus rau kev tswj cov tsos mob thiab tswj cov yam ntxwv uas cuam tshuam nrog kab mob plawv.

Kev kho cov teeb meem kev noj qab haus huv uas tseem ceeb, xws li ntshav siab, ntshav qab zib, thiab roj cholesterol ntau, thiab tso kev haus luam yeeb, tuaj yeem pab tiv thaiv kom tsis txhob muaj cov teeb meem dawb ntxiv .

Txawm hais tias tsis muaj kev kho mob los kho cov khoom dawb uas twb puas lawm, cov neeg uas muaj teeb meem kev noj qab haus huv uas tsis tswj tau feem ntau yuav muaj kev puas tsuaj ntau dua thiab muaj kev tsis taus.

Kev kho mob rau cov tsos mob ntawm cov khoom dawb

• Kev Kho Mob Lub Cev : Qhov no tuaj yeem pab nrog kev sib npaug thiab teeb meem kev taug kev uas tshwm sim los ntawm tus kab mob dawb. Nws kuj suav nrog kev kawm thiab kev kho mob kom tiv thaiv kev ntog.
• Kev sab laj txog kev puas siab puas ntsws thiab kev kho mob puas siab puas ntsws : Rau cov teeb meem kev noj qab haus huv ntawm lub hlwb xws li kev nyuaj siab, cov tsos mob tuaj yeem tswj tau los ntawm kev tham nrog tus kws kho mob puas siab puas ntsws thiab, yog tias tsim nyog, los ntawm kev noj tshuaj antidepressants los ntawm tus kws kho mob puas siab puas ntsws.
• Kev tso zis tsis tu ncua : Muaj ntau txoj kev kho mob rau qhov no, suav nrog cov tshuaj, kev hloov pauv hauv lub neej, thiab qee yam kev kho mob.

Kev tswj hwm cov yam ntxwv ntawm kev pheej hmoo ntawm kab mob plawv

Kev tswj cov yam ntxwv uas cuam tshuam nrog kab mob plawv tuaj yeem pab tswj kev nce qib ntawm cov kab mob dawb thiab tiv thaiv cov teeb meem plawv uas hem txoj sia xws li mob stroke.

Cov kev kho mob uas pab tswj cov yam ua rau muaj kab mob plawv muaj xws li:

• Cov tshuaj thiab kev hloov pauv hauv lub neej kom tswj tau cov ntshav siab kom noj qab nyob zoo.
• Kev tswj tus kab mob ntshav qab zib (yog tias koj muaj tus kab mob ntshav qab zib).
• Kev tswj cov roj cholesterol los ntawm kev siv tshuaj thiab kev hloov pauv hauv lub neej .
• Ua si nawv tsis tu ncua .
• Tsis txhob haus luam yeeb .
• Tsis txhob haus dej cawv .
• Cov tshuaj antiplatelet (cov no yog ib pawg tshuaj uas tiv thaiv cov qe ntshav kom tsis txhob lo ua ke thiab ua rau cov ntshav txhaws).
• Cov tshuaj statins (txawm tias koj cov roj cholesterol yog ib txwm muaj los xij, cov no tuaj yeem pab txo qhov o ntawm cov hlab ntsha).

Cov kws kho mob twg kho tus kab mob dawb no?

Nyob ntawm seb koj cov tsos mob thiab mob li cas, koj yuav mus ntsib ib lossis ntau tus kws kho mob no los kho cov tsos mob ntawm tus kab mob dawb thiab saib xyuas nws txoj kev loj hlob:

• Kws kho mob hlwb
• Koj tus kws kho mob hauv tsev neeg (Tus kws kho mob thawj zaug)
• kws kho lub cev
• Kws kho mob ua haujlwm
• Kws Kho Mob Lub Cev
• Kws Kho Mob Plawv
• Kws kho mob zis
• Kws Kho Mob Hlwb thiab/lossis Kws Kho Mob Hlwb

Puas tiv thaiv tau tus kab mob dawb no?

Cov kev tshawb fawb qhia tau tias cov neeg uas muaj feem yuav mob plawv muaj feem yuav mob dawb ntau dua.

Cov yam ua rau muaj kab mob plawv yog:

• Ntshav siab (Tshuaj ntshav siab)
• Cov roj cholesterol ntau (Hyperlipidemia, Dyslipidemia)
• Haus luam yeeb
• Kab mob ntshav qab zib tsis zoo tswj tau

Muaj tej yam koj ua tau los tswj qhov kev loj hlob ntawm tus kab mob no. Cov kev tshawb fawb tau qhia tias kev tswj cov yam txaus ntshai no, xws li noj tshuaj, hloov pauv txoj kev ua neej, thiab/lossis tso kev haus luam yeeb, tuaj yeem pab tiv thaiv kev tsim cov teeb meem dawb tshiab.

Yuav ua li cas thiaj paub tias tus kab mob dawb yuav tshwm sim?

Kab mob dawb yog ntau yam mob uas muaj ntau yam, txij li me me mus rau hnyav thaum saib MRI. Cov tsos mob ntawm nws muaj txij li tsis muaj mus rau hnyav heev. Yog li ntawd, qhov kev xav ntawm kab mob dawb txawv ntawm ib tus neeg mus rau ib tus neeg.

Yog tias koj tau kuaj pom tias muaj tus kab mob dawb, nws yog qhov zoo tshaj plaws los tham nrog koj tus kws kho mob hlwb txog yam koj tuaj yeem cia siab.

Thaum twg koj yuav tsum mus ntsib kws kho mob txog kab mob dawb?

Yog tias koj tau kuaj pom tias muaj tus kab mob dawb, nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb uas koj yuav tsum mus ntsib koj tus kws kho mob tsis tu ncua kom tham txog kev tswj koj cov yam uas ua rau muaj kev pheej hmoo. Nyob ntawm seb koj tus kab mob dawb muaj mob hnyav npaum li cas thiab koj cov tsos mob li cas, tej zaum koj yuav tsum mus ntsib lwm tus kws tshwj xeeb.

Yog tias koj muaj kab mob dawb, nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb uas yuav tsum saib xyuas koj txoj kev noj qab haus huv ntawm lub plawv thiab cov hlab ntsha. Piv txwv li, kev noj tshuaj los tswj koj cov roj cholesterol thiab ntshav siab thiab kev hloov pauv hauv lub neej tuaj yeem pab tiv thaiv cov kab mob dawb tshiab thiab txo koj txoj kev pheej hmoo ntawm kev mob stroke thiab dementia. Yog tias koj muaj lus nug txog tus mob no lossis cov yam ntxwv ntawm kev pheej hmoo ntawm kab mob plawv, nug koj tus kws kho mob. Lawv nyob ntawm no los pab.

Cov Lus Qhia Txog Kev Coj Mus Tsev

Zoo, yog li cia peb saib qee yam yooj yim uas yuav tsum nco ntsoov txog Kab Mob Dawb uas peb tau tham txog:

• Qhov no yog kev puas tsuaj rau cov khoom dawb ntawm lub hlwb , zoo li kev puas tsuaj rau "kev" uas nqa cov ntaub ntawv hauv lub hlwb.
• Nws feem ntau cuam tshuam nrog kev laus thiab cov yam ua rau muaj kab mob plawv (ntshav siab, ntshav qab zib, roj cholesterol, haus luam yeeb).
• Cov tsos mob yuav muaj xws li tsis nco qab, nyuaj taug kev, thiab tsis sib npaug .
• Feem ntau nws raug kuaj pom los ntawm kev kuaj MRI .
• Txawm hais tias qhov kev puas tsuaj uas twb ua tiav lawm tsis tuaj yeem kho tau tag nrho, tus mob tuaj yeem tswj tau los ntawm kev tswj cov yam ntxwv txaus ntshai thiab kho cov tsos mob .
• Kev saib xyuas kev noj qab haus huv ntawm lub plawv yog qhov tseem ceeb heev kom tiv thaiv kom tus kab mob no tsis txhob loj hlob mus ntxiv.

Yog tias koj muaj ib qho ntawm cov tsos mob no, lossis yog tias koj xav paub ntau ntxiv txog qhov no, nrhiav kev pab kho mob . Tsis txhob ntshai, qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws hauv txhua yam no yog paub cov ntaub ntawv raug thiab ua cov kauj ruam tsim nyog.

Kab mob dawb , kab mob hlwb, kab mob dawb, kev nco tsis zoo, tsis muaj zog, laus zuj zus, kev pheej hmoo ntawm kab mob plawv, MRI