Ekigambo ' Stem Cells ' wali owuliddeko emabegako? Oboolyawo wakiwulira okuva ew’omusawo, ku pulogulaamu ya ttivvi oba mu kiwandiiko ekifulumira mu lupapula lw’amawulire. Wadde nga kino kiyinza okulabika ng’omulamwa omuzibu, mu butuufu obutoffaali buno obusibuka mu mubiri kye kimu ku bintu ebisinga okwewuunyisa mu mubiri gwaffe. Leero, tugenda kwogera ku nsonga eno mu ngeri ennyangu ennyo, mu ngeri gy’osobola okutegeera.
Mu ngeri ennyangu, obutoffaali buno obusibuka mu mubiri kye ki?
Teebereza olina ekibinja ky’ebitundu bya Lego eby’ekika kye kimu. Osobola okukozesa ebitundu bya Lego ebyo okuzimba ennyumba, mmotoka, emmeeri, ekintu kyonna ky’oyagala. Obutoffaali obusibuka mu mubiri bwe butyo.
Obutoffaali obusibuka kika kya butoffaali "obusookerwako" oba "obukulu" mu mubiri gwaffe obulina obusobozi okufuuka ekika ekirala kyonna eky'obutoffaali obw'enjawulo.
Ng’ekyokulabirako, akatoffaali akayitibwa stem cell kasobola okukula ne kafuuka akatoffaali k’olususu, akatoffaali k’obwongo ( nerve cell), akatoffaali k’ebinywa by’omutima, akatoffaali k’amagumba , oba akatoffaali k’omusaayi. Ate era, obutoffaali buno busobola okukola obutoffaali obusibuka obulala, kwe kugamba, busobola okwawukana ne bukola obutoffaali obufaanana emirundi n’emirundi. Obusobozi buno obw’ekyewuunyo y’ensonga lwaki bafunye obukulu bungi mu by’obusawo.
Kale, lwaki obutoffaali buno obusibuka mu mubiri bukulu nnyo?
Obutoffaali buno bukulu nnyo mu kunoonyereza okw’obusawo mu biseera eby’omu maaso olw’obusobozi bwabwo. Bikulu olw’ensonga ssatu enkulu.
1. Enzijanjaba ezesigamiziddwa ku butoffaali: Teebereza omuntu ng’afunye obulwadde bw’omutima era ekitundu ku mutima gwe ne kifa ne kinafuwa. Bannasayansi balowooza nti mu biseera eby’omu maaso, bajja kusobola okukozesa obutoffaali obusibuka mu mutima okukola obutoffaali bw’omutima obupya era obulamu obulungi ne babusimbuliza mu kitundu ekyonoonese okuzzaawo omutima . Kino kye tuyita eddagala erizza obuggya . Enkola eno yakozesebwa dda bulungi ku ndwadde ezimu ez'omusaayi ne kookolo .
2. Okutegeera engeri endwadde gye zibeerawo:Bannasayansi basobola okulaba obutoffaali obusibuka, okugeza, nga bukula ne bufuuka obutoffaali bw’obusimu mu laabu. Kino kibasobozesa okunoonyereza ddala ekituuka ku butoffaali bw’obusimu mu ndwadde nga Parkinson’s disease oba Alzheimer’s disease . Okutegeera obulungi engeri obulwadde gye bukulaakulana kiyinza okuyamba okufuna obujjanjabi.
3. Okugezesa eddagala eppya: Nga eddagala eppya terinnaweebwa bantu ne likeberebwa, kyetaagisa okumanya oba teririna bulabe ate nga likola. Kale, obutoffaali obw’enjawulo obukwatagana n’obulwadde obwogerwako (okugeza, obutoffaali bw’olubuto obw’obulwadde bwa sukaali) busobola okutondebwa mu laboratory okuva mu butoffaali obusibuka, era eddagala eppya liyinza okusiigibwa ku butoffaali obwo era ebikolwa byayo bisobola okukeberebwa.
Bika ki ebikulu eby’obutoffaali obusibuka mu mubiri?
Waliwo ebika by’obutoffaali ebikulu bibiri. Bino ka tubitunuulire okwawukana.
| Ekika ky’obutoffaali | Ennyinyonnyola ennyangu |
|---|---|
| Obutoffaali obusibuka mu nnabaana | Bino bifunibwa okuva mu nkwaso eziweereddwayo, ezitakozesebwa mu kiseera ekisookerwako oluvannyuma lw’okuzaala mu kisenge (IVF). Obutoffaali buno bulina obusobozi obw’ekitalo okufuuka ekika kyonna eky’obutoffaali mu mubiri. Eno y’ensonga lwaki era ziyitibwa ‘pluripotent’ . Zirina obusobozi bungi okuddaabiriza ebitundu by’omubiri n’ebitundu by’omubiri ebyonooneddwa obulwadde. |
| Obutoffaali obusibuka mu bantu abakulu | Wadde nga erinnya lyazo, obutoffaali buno busangibwa mu mibiri gy’abalongo, abaana n’abantu abakulu. Tezikola bintu bingi ng’obutoffaali bw’embuto. Okugeza, akatoffaali akakulu mu lususu kasobola okukola obutoffaali bw’olususu obusingawo bwokka. Naye era bikulu nnyo. Obutoffaali obusibuka mu musaayi gw’omu nnabaana nabwo buli mu kiti kino. |
| Obutoffaali obusibuka obuyitibwa Pluripotent Stem Cells obuleetebwa (iPSCs) . | Kino kye kisembyeyo okumenyawo ssaayansi. Kati bannassaayansi basobola okutwala akatoffaali k’omuntu omukulu aka bulijjo, ng’akatoffaali k’olususu lwo, ne bakola enkyukakyuka entonotono mu buzaale mu laabu, ne bagizza mu katoffaali akayitibwa embryonic stem cell ‘akayinza okuwangaala’. Kino kizibu kinene, kubanga kyewala ensonga z’empisa ezikwatagana n’okukozesa embuto. |
Bujjanjabi ki obukolebwa mu kiseera kino nga bakozesa obutoffaali buno obusibuka mu mubiri?
Abantu bangi balowooza nti obutoffaali obusibuka mu mubiri busobola okuwonya endwadde zonna, naye ekituufu kya njawulo.
Enzijanjaba y'obutoffaali obusibuka mu nsi yonna esinga okukkirizibwa era n'obuwanguzi mu nsi yonna kwe kusimbuliza obusigo bw'amagumba . Kino kizingiramu okusimbuliza obutoffaali obusibuka mu musaayi obukola omusaayi. Bino osobola okubifuna okuva mu busimu bw’amagumba oba omusaayi gw’omu nnabaana.
Obujjanjabi buno businga kukozesebwa ku:
- Ku kookolo w’omusaayi: Okugeza, ku ndwadde nga leukemia ne lymphoma .
- Endwadde endala ezeekuusa ku musaayi: Endwadde nga sickle cell anemia .
- Okuddamu okuzimba obusigo bw’amagumba obwonooneddwa obujjanjabi bwa kookolo: Obujjanjabi buno bukozesebwa okuzzaawo obusigo bw’amagumba obwonooneddwa eddagala oba obusannyalazo.
Ekikulu kiri nti obujjanjabi obusinga obungi obw’obutoffaali obusibuka ku ndwadde endala (e.g. endwadde z’enkizi, ssukaali, Parkinson’s) bukyali mu mutendera gw’okunoonyereza . N’olwekyo, bw’oba owulidde ku bujjanjabi obw’engeri eno awalala, kikulu nnyo okulowooza emirundi ebiri era ddala okwogera n’omusawo wo nga tonnasalawo.
Waliwo akabi konna akali mu bujjanjabi buno?
Yee, okufaananako n’obujjanjabi bwonna, waliwo akabi akayinza okuvaamu.
- Singa obutoffaali buno bukula nga tebufugibwa, wabaawo ebizimba bya kookolo okutondebwawo.
- Okwonooneka kw’obuzaale kuyinza okubaawo mu butoffaali obukuliddwa mu laboratory.
- Oluusi omubiri gusobola okutegeera obutoffaali buno obupya obusimbibwa nga "bugwira" ne bubugaana (obulumba).
- Waliwo n’obulabe obumu obukwatagana n’enkola (e.g., okulongoosa) ezikung’aanya oba ezikuba empiso obutoffaali mu mubiri.
Okusoomoozebwa mu kunoonyereza ku butoffaali obusibuka
Wadde ng’okunoonyereza ku butoffaali obusibuka mu bantu abakulu kumaze emyaka mingi nga kugenda mu maaso, okunoonyereza ku butoffaali obusibuka mu nnabaana kwatandika mu 1998. N’olwekyo wakyaliwo bingi eby’okubuzuula.
Ekimu ku bisinga okusoomoozebwa kwe nsonga z'empisa . Waliwo endowooza ez’enjawulo ku kufuna obutoffaali okuva mu nkwaso, era abantu abamu tebakkiriziganya na kunoonyereza kuno.
Okusoomoozebwa okulala kwe kuzibuwalirwa okukuza obutoffaali obusibuka mu bantu abakulu mu laabu n’obulabe bwabwo obw’okubeera n’obulema mu buzaale. Nga bino byonna biwedde, bannassaayansi bakyagezaako okusumulula ebyama by’obutoffaali buno obw’ekyewuunyo.
Obubaka Obutwala Awaka
- Obutoffaali obusibuka butoffaali "master" obuyinza okufuuka ekika kyonna eky'obutoffaali mu mubiri.
- Mu kiseera kino, bino bikozesebwa bulungi era nga bikkirizibwa okusinga okusimbuliza obusimu bw’amagumba ku kookolo w’omusaayi nga leukemia.
- Enzijanjaba z’obutoffaali obusibuka mu mbeera nga Parkinson, sukaali, n’endwadde z’omutima zikyali mu mutendera gw’okunoonyereza era tezinnaba kukozesebwa ng’obujjanjabi obwa bulijjo.
- Wadde ng’ebitongole by’obwannannyini ebimu bigamba nti biwa obujjanjabi obw’omutindo gw’okunoonyereza, obukuumi bwabwo n’obuwanguzi bwabwo tebiyinza kukakasibwa.
- Nga tonnasalawo ku bujjanjabi bwonna obw’obutoffaali obusibuka mu mubiri, kakasa nti weebuuza ku musawo wo alina ebisaanyizo era ofune amagezi amatuufu.
Obutoffaali obusibuka, obutoffaali obusibuka, okunoonyereza ku butoffaali obusibuka, obujjanjabi bw’obutoffaali, okunoonyereza ku by’obujjanjabi, okukyusa obusigo bw’amagumba, okukyusa obusimu bw’amagumba, obutoffaali obusibuka mu nnabaana, obutoffaali obusibuka mu bantu abakulu
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