HIV i vei tih i hriat chuan mangang lutuk, hlauhna leh mahni chauhna nasa tak i nei ngei ang. "Tunah engtin nge ka tih ang?" Mahse, lungngai suh. Tunah chuan medical science hian hma a sawn nasa hle. HIV hi uluk taka enkawl a nih chuan rei tak, hrisel leh pangngai taka nunpui theih a ni. Chumi atana ralthuam chak ber leh pawimawh ber chu ART an tih enkawlna hi a ni. Vawiin hian he thu hi i rilrua zawhna i neih zawng zawng chhanna tur awlsam takin kan sawi dawn a ni.
A awlsam zawngin ART hi eng nge ni?
ART hi Antiretroviral Therapy tihna a ni a, HIV virus enkawlna atana damdawi pek chhuah a ni. Hei hi hrethiam tur chuan HIV hrik hian kan taksa a tihchhiat dan hi han thlir hmasa ila.
Kan taksa hi kulhpui veng tha tak angin han ngaihtuah teh. He kulhpui venghimtu sipai bik an awm bawk. CD4 cell kan ti a . Heng cell te hi kan immune system peng ber an ni. HIV (Human Immunodeficiency Virus) hian rukru ang maiin a tih chu he kulhpuiah hian lutin heng security sipai, chu chu CD4 cells te chu pakhat hnu pakhatin a tichhia a ni. Tichuan kan kulh venhimna chu a chak lo hle a ni. Chumi avang chuan natna dang leh hri kai, a tlangpuiin min tichhe thei lo, awlsam takin kan taksaah a lut thei a, natna khirh tak a thlen thei a ni.
Hetah hian ART hian a tih dan chu kan rawn tarlang e. Heng damdawite hian taksa atanga HIV hrik chu paih bo vek thei lo mah se, taksa chhunga hri pung zel tur chu a titawp a, chu chu a copy tam zawk siam tihna a ni. Tichuan taksaa virus awm zat, viral load kan tih chu a tlahniam zauh zauh thin. Virus hi control a nih chuan kan taksa hian CD4 cells thar a siam thei a, chu chuan CD4 cells tihchhiat tawhte chu a thlak thei a ni. Tichuan kan immune system a chak leh ta.
ART hi a tlangpuiin damdawi pahnih emaw a aia tam emaw pek dun a ni. Damdawi pakhat chauh ni lovin, kawng hrang hranga hnathawk thei damdawi inzawmkhawm pek a nih chuan enkawlna a hlawk zawk. Hei hian virus hi damdawi laka a do theihna tur leh resistance a neih theihna tur a ti tlem a ni.
"Undetectable" level chu eng nge ni?
Hei hi ART enkawlna result pawimawh leh mawi ber a ni. I damdawi i ei dik chuan i thisenah HIV virus (viral load) awm zat chu a hniam em em a, test pawh a hriat theih loh khawpin a tlahniam a ni. Hei hi "undetectable" level kan tih chu a ni.
Mahse hei hian HIV lakah i dam kim tihna a ni lo. He virus hi taksa cell chhungah a thup reng thei a ni. Damdawi i ei loh chuan virus thup chu a thawk leh thei a ni. Chuvangin dam chhung zawng damdawi ei hi a pawimawh hle.
Mahse, he "Undetectable" level hian eng nge a thatna?
- I immune system a chak avangin nun hrisel, pangngai takin i nung thei a ni.
- A pawimawh ber chu: Miin viral load stable "Undetectable" nei chuan mipat hmeichhiatna hmangin mi dang hnenah HIV a kai thei lo. He concept hi U=U (Undetectable = Untransmittable) kan ti a. Hei hi nang leh i kawppui tan zalenna ropui tak a ni.
ART enkawlna hian engtin nge hna a thawh?
HIV virus hian kan CD4 cell-ah lutin a copy siam turin process complex tak a hmang a. ART damdawi hian he thil kalpui danah hian step hrang hrang a titawp a, hna a thawk a ni. In chhunga rukruin step tam tak a lak ang maiin ngaihtuah la, ART hian step tin tihtawp nan trap hrang hrang siamin hna a thawk a ni.
ART damdawi hnathawh dan hrethiam turin he table hi han en ila.
| Ruihhlo Class | A hnathawh dan hi a awlsam hle. |
|---|---|
| NRTIs (Nucleoside Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors) te hi a tha ber pawl a ni. | Virus hian a genetic copy (DNA) siamna atana a mamawh ‘brick’ ai chuan ‘fake brick’ tangkai lo tak tak pek a ni. Tichuan DNA siamchhuahna chu a chanve vel a tawp ta a ni. |
| NNRTIs (Non-Nucleoside Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors) te hi a tha ber pawl a ni. | ‘Fak brick’ pe lovin DNA siamtu ‘mason base’ (enzyme) chu an deactivate zawk a ni. Chuti chung pawh chuan hna chu a tawp ta a ni. |
| INSTIs (Integrase Inhibitors) te hi a tha hle a ni. | Virus program installation a block ang bawkin virus siam DNA chu kan cell-a DNA tak tak nen a inzawm loh nan a veng a ni. |
| Protease inhibitor (PI) te hi a tha hle. | Virus copy siam tharte chu an inzawm khawm a, an active theihna tura mamawh ‘scissor’ (enzyme) chu deactivate a ni. Tichuan virus thar a lo piang lo. |
| Entry Inhibitor te pawh a awm | Kan CD4 cell-a virus lut tur chu a block mai a ni. Kawngkhar khar ang mai a ni. |
Engtin nge ka tan ART enkawlna dik tak ka thlan theih ang?
Hei hi nangmah chauhva thutlukna siam theih a ni lo. I doctor chuan i tan damdawi inkawp tha ber a thlang ang. Thil engemaw zat a ngaihtuah ang.
- Enkawl i tan tirh khan i viral load leh CD4 count a awm.
- Tun hmaa HIV enkawlna dang (PrEP emaw PEP emaw ang chi) i ei tawh emaw pawh nise.
- I taksaa virus hi damdawi thenkhat lakah a do thei em tih test result a ni.
- Nau i pai em, naupai i beisei em?
- Damdawi dang i neih (kidney disease, liver disease, diabetes, heart disease) leh a damdawi i ei te.
- I damdawi a hun taka i ei theih leh theih loh.
Damdawi leh side effects te
Mi tam tak tan chuan ART hi nitin pill atan an pe thin. A chang chuan damdawi engemaw zat chu pill pakhatah an dah khawm thin. A remchang hle mai. Tin, tunah chuan he enkawlna hi thla khatah vawi khat emaw thla hnih danah emaw injection angin a awm bawk.
Mi thenkhat chuan he damdawi hi an ei tan hian side effect tenau te an nei thei bawk. Thil chi hrang hrang, luak chhuak, luak chhuak, pum na, lu na, mut theih lohna, leh vun natna te. Mahse a tam zawkah chuan hengte hi taksain damdawi a hman thiam tawh angin kar tlemte hnuah a bo vek ang.
A pawimawh ber chu, tuar theih loh side effect i nei a nih pawhin, nangmah chauhin i damdawi ei kha bansan ngai suh. Chutianga tih chuan virus chu a darh chak lehzual thei a, damdawi lakah pawh a do thei bawk. Chu chu a hlauhawm hle mai. Harsatna i neih chuan i doctor nen inbia nghal rawh. I damdawi chu a thlak danglam thei a, a side effects te enkawl turin a pui thei bawk che.
Enkawlna hlawhtlinna enfiah
Enkawl i tan hnuah i doctor chuan i dinhmun a enfiah fo ang. Hei hian thisen test lian pahnih a huam dawn a ni.
1. Viral Load Test: Taksa chhunga virus awm zat enfiah thin ang che.
2. CD4 Count: Immune system chakna en rawh.
A tlangpuiin, enkawl tan atanga thla 1-6 chhungin viral load hi "undetectable" level ah a tla thla thin. Chumi hnuah chuan doctor-in a ruat angin heng test te hi chhunzawm zel a ni a, engkim a kal tha em tih enfiah a ni.
Take-Home Thuchah a ni
- HIV hi thi tura hremna a ni lo. ART enkawlna hmang hian hrisel tak, nun pangngai leh dam rei tak i nung thei a ni.
- ART enkawlna chu dam chhung atan, doctor-in a sawi ang chiah, ni khat pawh tlai lovin ei tur a ni .
- I viral load chu "Undetectable" level-ah a awm chuan sex hmangin mi dang hnenah HIV i pe thei lo (U=U).
- Damdawi ei avanga harsatna emaw, side effect emaw i neih chuan nangmah ngeiin thutlukna i siam hmain doctor nen inbiakna neih hmasak phawt ang che.
- Nangmah chauh i ni lo. I doctor, chhungte leh i thiante rintlak tak takte chu he zinkawng zawh tur hian tanpui turin an awm reng a ni. Support group-ah pawh chakna nasa tak i hmu thei bawk.
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