C. diff (Clostridioides difficile) infection: He pum na hi eng nge a nih chiang takin i hre ang u.

A chang chuan pum na emaw, riltam emaw, ni engemaw zat chhung a awm thin em? ‘Aw, he chaw hi a toxic deuh a ni ngei ang’ emaw, ‘Viral flu a ni ngei ang’ emaw tiin kan ngaihtuah fo thin. Mahse a chang chuan heng symptoms te hi kan intestines tichhe thei bacteria infection na zawk vang a ni thei. Chutiang hrik kai pakhat chu C. diff (Clostridioides difficile) a ni.

C. diff (Clostridioides difficile) tih hi eng nge ni?

A awlsam zawngin C. diff hi bacteria chi khat a ni. A hming dik tak chu `(Clostridioides difficile)` tih a ni. He bacteria hian i intestine lianah natna a thlen thei a, chu chu `(colon)` tihna a ni. Chu chu diarrhea ang chi symptom nuam lo tak tak a lo lan hunah a ni. Tunah chuan kan intestine lian hian bacteria infection a neih hi thil awmze nei tak a ni tih kan en ang. A tam zawk chu chutiang chuan an serious lo. Mahse he C. diff infection hi a na zawk deuh. A chhan chu he `(Clostridioides difficile)` bacteria hian toxin a siam chhuak thin a ni. Heng toxins te hian kan intestine chhunga cell te chu a tichhia a. Hei hian intestine lining leh large intestine-ah inflammation a siam a, chu chu inflammation (colitis) a ni. Symptoms i neih leh neih loh leh a nasat dan chu heng toxins te hian a tihchhiat nasat danah a innghat a ni. A châng chuan he dinhmun hi nunna atana hlauhawm pawh a ni thei. He bacteria hi a hmain `(Clostridium difficile)` tia koh a ni. Tunah chuan hming thar chu `(Clostridioides difficile)` a ni ta.

C. diff infection hi engtiang chiahin nge a awm?

C. diff infection, a nih loh leh CDI hi khawvel pum huap hriselna lama harsatna a ni. Mahse, khawvela a darh zau zia hi chhut chiang tak a la awm lo. United States-ah chuan kum khatah hri kai 500,000 vel an awm nia chhut a ni a, mi 15,000 velin an thihpui bawk. Chuvangin hei hi ngaihthah tur a ni lo.

C. diff natna lan chhuah dan chu engte nge ni?

A lan chhuah hmasak ber leh langsar ber chu tui riltam a ni. A nasat loh chuan ni khatah vawi thum thleng ril\am a awm a, pum na a awm thei bawk. C. diff infection a kal zel chuan diarrhea a awm fo thin. Ni khatah vawi 10-15 thleng a awm thei. I ek chhungah thisen i hmu thei bawk. A lan chhuah dan dangte chu:

• Pum natna nei reng reng
• A pum chu a khat a, a hring bawk.
• Nausea leh luak chhuak
• Chaw chakna
• Khawsik
• Heart rate a sang chho zel

A tirah chuan C. diff symptoms hi food poisoning emaw stomach flu emaw ang maiin a lang thei. Antibiotics i ei a nih chuan diarrhea hi damdawi avanga side effect a ni tih i hre sual mai thei.

Mahse, a châng chuan C. diff infection hi diarrhea tel lovin a awm thei tih hre reng ang che .

C. diff i neih hian stool hi eng ang nge a nih? Engtin nge a rim?

C. diff diarrhea hian paste ang chi a nei tlangpui a, tui tak tak a nei lo. A chang chuan green a ni thei a, mahse hei hi bacteria infection dang nen pawh a thleng thei bawk. A tlem berah chuan thisen, mucus, emaw pus emaw chu stool-ah hmuh tur a awm thei. Mi tam tak chuan C. diff diarrhea hian rim danglam tak a nei tih an sawi . A danglam bik hle a, a thlum pawh mak tak maiin a thlum an ti. Hei hi C. diff hian stool-a bile acids level a tihsan vang pawh a ni thei.

C. diff natna hi eng thilin nge a thlen?

A tlangpuiin immune system hrisel tak nei chuan an gut-ah C. diff bacteria hi a check reng a, chuvangin infection an siam lo. Buaina chu chutiang control loh chuan he bacteria hi a lo thang lian lutuk tan hian a ni. A chhan chu kan gut chhunga bacteria "tha" leh bacteria "tha lo" inkara balance a bo vang a ni. Mi zawng zawng hian kan gut-ah bacteria kan nei vek a. Heng bacteria tha tak takte hian C. diff ang chi bacteria dangte chu an control theih nan a pui thin. C. diff hrik kai chhan ber chu `(antibiotics)` hman vang a ni. Antibiotics hman a nih chuan kan gut chhunga bacteria tha leh tha lo (`(gut microbiome)` inthlauhna (`(gut microbiome)`) chu a tibuai a. Tichuan C. diff bacteria te chu a dominant thei a, a thang lutuk thei bawk.

Engtin nge C. diff hi a kai darh?

Clostridium difficile hi spore chhuakin a darh chhuak thin. Heng spore te hi a te hle a, kan vunah te, kan chhehvela thil awm te, leh dawhkan leh ṭhutphah ang chi hmunah te hmuh tur a awm a ni. Chumi awmzia chu heng spore awmna thil i khawih a, chu chu i ei emaw, i hmui i khawih emaw chuan C. diff i nei thei tihna a ni.

Engvangin nge C. diff hi a darh chak em em?

Kan taksa pawnah hian C. diff bacteria te hian spore an siam a. Heng spore te hi tihhlum a harsa hle a, intestine chhung leh pawnah pawh thah a harsa hle. Khua lum, acid, antibiotics tam tak, leh disinfectant te an do thei a ni. Thla tam tak chhung chu lei chung lamah pawh an dam thei bawk. Zirchiangtute chuan mipui 5% velin an colon-ah C. diff bacteria an nei a, engmah chhinchhiahna awm lovin an nei niin an chhut. Chumi awmzia chu C. diff control hnuaiah i nei a nih pawhin midang hnenah i thehdarh thei tho tihna a ni.

C. diff nei mi nen in inhmu thei ang em?

Ni e, i ti thei. Mahse himna dan i zawm phawt chuan. Hri kai darh lohna tur chuan a hnuaia mi ang hian i ti tur a ni:

• I kut chu sahbawn hmangin uluk takin silfai fo ang che.
• I hnar, hmui leh mit khawih loh tur.
• A chhehvel thilte chu disinfect rawh.
• Gloves, hmai tuamnaInvenna hmanrua, gown (a bik takin damlo enkawl a nih chuan) hmang rawh.

Tute nge C. diff vei theihna chance sang zawk?

Damdawi lam harsatna thenkhat a awm a, chu chuan i taksain C. diff infection laka a invenna a tihhniam thei a ni. Chung zingah chuan:

• Inflammatory Bowel Disease ( IBD ): Chronic inflammatory bowel diseases, Crohn’s disease leh ulcerative colitis te hian hun kal zelah intestine a tichak lo hle. Hengte hian mucosa, intestines lining a tichhia a, intestinal immunity a ti tlem bawk.
• Immune system chak lo : Immunodeficiency disorder emaw, i immune system tichhe thei natna dang, cancer, HIV , kidney disease, emaw diabetes ang chi i neih chuan i taksa pum pui chu i gut chauh ni lovin a chak lo thei a ni. Hei hi immunosuppressant i ei a nih chuan a dik hle.

C. diff hrik kai theihna risk factor dangte chu:

• Kum: Kum 65 chunglamte chu C. diff vei theihna a sang zawk. Hei hi an taksa hriselna a chak lo vang te, a ruala damdawi tam tak an ei vang te, damdawi in emaw, nursing home-a an awm vang emaw pawh a ni thei. Naupang tê tê pawhin C. diff an nei thei bawk.
• Damdawi ina dah emaw, mipui tamna hmun (e.g., lung inah): C. diff hi mipui tamna hmunah awlsam takin a darh thin. Spore hi common surface-ah thla tam tak chhung an dam thei a ni. Mi pakhat atanga mi dangah hian hmun insem, bathroom ang chi hmangin a darh thei a ni.

Mahse a chang chuan C. diff infection awm chhan chiang tak a awm lo. I gut’s immune system tichhe thei thil tam tak a awm laiin, risk factors awm lo pawhin he infection hi i vei thei tih hriat a pawimawh

C. diff infection avanga harsatna awm thei te chu engte nge ni?

Infection na zawkah pawh complication a awm thei. I natna hi engtiang chiahin nge a nasat tih hi thil engemaw zatah a innghat a, chung zingah chuan i natna bacteria chi hrang hrang, leh i taksa hriselna chakna te pawh a tel. C. diff infection vei theihna risk factor nei te chu infection na zawk emaw, infection nawn leh emaw an neih theihna chance a sang zawk. Hei hian hun kal zelah chhiatna nasa zawk a thlen thei a ni. Harsatna awm fo chu:

• Recurrent infection: Mi 20% velin enkawl zawh atanga kar hnih atanga kar riat chhungin an nei leh thin. Chumi hnuah chuan 40% dangin an nei leh mai thei.
• Tui tlakchham leh electrolytes hloh:I taksa atanga tui leh electrolyte i thlak theih aia rang zawka i hloh chuan side effect hlauhawm tak tak i nei thei a, chu chu thisen volume hniam, thisen sang hniam, leh a nasat danah pawh kal (kidney failure) te hi a ni.
• Pseudomembranous colitis: Hei hi colitis chi khat na tak a ni. Hetiang dinhmunah hian i colon lining-ah hian membrane thuk tak, crusty tak a lo awm thei a ni.

Colon chhunga toxins-in a tihchhiat a pun zel chuan harsatna dang a awm thei a ni:

• Fluid leakage: I colon atang hian i pum chhungah tui a luang tan thei a (hei hi ascites an ti a, chu chuan i pum a ti hring chhuak thei a ni. I colon atanga protein i hloh thei bawk a, chu chuan i albumin level a ti tlahniam thei bawk. Hei hian natna lan chhuahna (swelling) leh hahna ang chi a thlen thei a ni.
• Reactive arthritis: Infection na tak chuan ``reactive arthritis'' an tih ang chi a thlen thei a, hei hian i ruh leh i taksa peng dangte a ti na thei a, a ti na thei a, a ti na thei bawk.
• Toxic megacolon: Toxic megacolon hi a awm lo hle a, mahse a hlauhawm hle. Hei hi inflammation avanga swelling a nasat lutuk a, colon a dysfunctional a nih chuan a thleng thin. Hei hian a tawpah chuan sepsis (thisen rimchhia) a thlen thei a ni.

Engtin nge C. diff infection hi hriat theih?

I doctor chuan i symptoms a zirin C. diff infection a rinhlelh chuan i stool sample a la ang a, lab-ah C. diff toxins a awm leh awm loh enfiah turin a thawn ang. I test result a positive a nih chuan, chu chu natna i nei tihna a ni a, i doctor chuan i natna nasat dan hriat nan test tam zawk a ti thei ang. Hei hian thisen test leh i colon chhung lam en turin imaging test te pawh a huam thei.

C. diff infection hi engtin nge enkawl a nih?

C. diff infection hi a nasat dan azirin enkawl a ni. Antibiotics i ei laiin C. diff i vei a nih chuan i doctor chuan damdawi ei kha a chawlhsan hmasa thei ang. Mi thenkhat tan chuan chu chauh chu a ngai a ni. An natural gut immune system chuan hna a thawk leh ang a, infection chu a control leh ang. A nih loh chuan i doctor chuan C. diff tihtawp thei antibiotics chi dang a pe thei bawk. C. diff tana antibiotics chi thenkhat chu:

• `(Metronidazole)` tih a ni
• `(Vancomycin)` tih a ni
• `(Fidaxomicin) hmanga siam a ni`

Infection na lo tak i neih chuan in lamah hawin i damdawi i ei thei a ni. Mi tam zawk chu ni rei lo te chhungin an dam tan thin. Mahse hri kai a nasat chuan damdawi inah i awm a ngai dawn a ni. Damdawi inah chuan i doctor chuan antibiotics a pe ang che, vein (IV - intravenous) hmangin a pe mai thei. Tin, tui tlakchham loh nan saline ang chi thil an pe bawk ang che. A then phei chuan damdawi hi enema angin colon chhungah direct-in pek theih a ni.

C. diff natna khirh tak tak tan eng nge tih tur?

Harsatna nasa tak i neih chuan intensive care unit-ah enkawl i mamawh mai thei. A tlem hle a, doctor-te chuan i colon-a natna lo chhuahna hmun chu paih chhuah nan emergency surgery (colectomy) neih an rawt mai thei. I dam leh a, mahse enkawl hnuah natna hrik i kai leh zel a nih chuan i duhthlan tur chu:

• Antibiotic hmanga enkawl leh: I doctor chuan damdawi dang a pe thei che a, a nih loh leh damdawi inang chu hun rei zawk a pe thei che a ni. Antibiotics i pek hnuah i doctor chuan i gut chhunga bacteria awmte chu a lo awm leh theih nan probiotics ei turin a rawt thei bawk.
• Fecal Microbiota Transplant (FMT): Hetiang hmanrua hi antibiotic hmanga enkawl nawn leh a hlawhchham hnua C. diff natna lo lang leh tur venna atan a tangkai hle tih hmuhchhuah a ni. Mi hrisel atanga stool sample lak chu colon natna neiah transfer a ni. He sample hi i gut microbiome rebalance nan hman a ni. Thing tha lo thenkhat awmna huanah lei tha tak tak dah a, thlai tha thenkhat phun ang maiin han ngaihtuah teh.

C. diff darh zel tur venna atan eng himna tur nge tih theih ang?

Health care worker-te chuan C. diff infection an hmachhawn hian fimkhur bik an nei a, hei hian he natna hrik kai theihna nasa tak hi a darh loh nan a pui a ni. Midangte humhim turin an entawn tur i zui thei ang:

• Isolation: Infection i neih chuan mahni room-ah isolate la a tha ber. Nangmah enkawl tura pindan chhunga lo lut apiangin disposable gloves an ha tur a ni a, pindan an chhuahsan dawnin an phelh tur a ni. I bawlhhlawh hmanga natna kai a nih avangin midang nena toilet insem hi i pumpelh tur a ni. I share a ngai tak tak a nih chuan i hman zawhah a handle, toilet seat leh a chhehvel chu bleach awmna cleaner hmangin silfai ang che.
• Kut sil: C. diff hi hand sanitizer in a nghawng loh avangin sahbawn leh tui lum hmanga kut sil fo a pawimawh. Hei hi i tawn apiang tan a pawimawh hle.
• Disinfection: Disinfectant hman tlanglawn tam zawk hian C. diff ah hna an thawk lo. Mahse product-ah chuan bleach a awm thei. I khawih apiang chu disinfect a pawimawh a, a bik takin bathroom-ah.
• Damdawi pek anga antibiotics ei: Midang antibiotics ei loh tur a ni a, a hnua hman tur antibiotics khawlkhawm loh tur a ni.

C. diff i neih chuan eng nge i beisei theih ang?

C. diff natna tam zawk hi a na lo hle a, enkawl a nih chuan a reh thei. Mahse, C. diff natna thlentu dinhmunte hi a chang chuan a darh chak hle thei a ni. C. diff infection hi a lo thleng nghal thei a, a na hle bawk. C. diff infection risk factors i neih chuan infection na tak i nei tam zawk a, a nih loh leh infection lo awm leh thin, enkawl tam zawk ngai i nei thei bawk.

C. diff hi a mah chauhin a bo em?

Ni e, i gut bacteria hrisel tak takte chu a normal leh thei a, a do thei a nih chuan nangmah chauhin i dam leh mai thei. Hei hi i gut bacteria te chu a tlangpuiin a chak a, hun rei tak chhunga hriselna lama harsatna i neih loh chuan a chak lo zawk a ni. Infection hi antibiotics ei avanga lo awm a nih chuan vawi khat i ei tawh loh chuan i dam leh mai thei. Mahse, nghak rei lutuk suh. Ni engemaw zat chhunga i dam loh chuan Doctor pan nghal mai tur a ni.

Vawikhat C. diff i hmuh chuan a awm reng em?

Enkawl hnuah pawh bacteria thenkhat a la awm thei. Mahse infection nei lovin rei vak lo i kal thei. Gut bacteria tha tak tak an awm chhung chuan Clostridium difficile control nan an pui ang. Recurring infection i neih chuan heng bacteria dangte hi an la normal lo leh tawh loh vang a ni. Recurrent infection hi original infection atanga lo lang leh thei a ni a, mahse chutiang chu a ni ngai lo. A chang chuan hri kai thar an ni.

C. diff kai hnuah hian hun rei tak chhung harsatna a awm em?

Hun rei tak chhunga harsatna awm tam ber chu Clostridium difficile natna vei reng reng emaw, kai leh zel emaw hi a ni. Hei hi i colon hian a dam kim harsatna a neih chuan a thleng thin. I colon hi heng avang hian a dam slow thei a ni:

• I intestines lining tichhe thei infection na tak i neih chuan.
• Hun rei tak chhung antibiotics i ei a ngai a nih chuan, emaw, antibiotics dang i ei hnua C. diff tan antibiotics i ei a ngai a nih chuan.
• Hun rei tak chhunga hriselna lama harsatna i neih chuan i intestines emaw immune system emaw a nghawng a nih chuan.
• Kum 65 chunglam i nih chuan.

A tlem berah chuan mi thenkhat chuan natna khirh tak an kai hnuah autoimmune disorder an nei thin. Hei hian an taksa hriselna (immune system) chu natna hrik awm ang maiin a che chhunzawm zel tihna a ni a, natna hrik a thianghlim hnuah pawh a thawk chhunzawm zel tihna a ni. C. diff infection hnua autoimmune disorder lo awm thei chu post-infectious IBS (irritable bowel syndrome) leh reactive arthritis te a ni.

C. diff infection chungchangah hian i doctor hnenah eng zawhna nge i zawh tur?

Hetiang zawhna hi i zawt thei ang:

• Engtiang chiahin nge ka infection hi a chhiat?
• Complication ka nei thei em?
• Engtin nge C. diff hi a tha chho zel tih ka hriat theih ang?
• Engtikah nge ka biak ang che? Engtikah nge emergency room-ah ka kal ang?
• Gastroenterologist ka hmuh a ngai em?
• Infection lo awm leh tur enkawlna kawng hrang hrangte chu engte nge ni?

Clostridium difficile hi bacteria tlanglawn tak a ni a, i intestine-ah hian chhiatna engmah thlen lovin a awm thei a ni. Mahse a chak lutuk tan chuan a pawi hle thei. Diarrhea neih reng reng leh chu chuan i nun a nghawng dan tur chu i lungkham hle mai thei. I rilru natna tichhe thei dinhmun sawi chu i zak thei bawk. Mahse, chu rilru put hmang chuan ṭanpuina zawng chu tikhawtlai suh.Mi tam zawk chuan C. diff atang hian harsatna an nei lo va, a thianghlim nghal vat a, a tifai vek bawk. Mahse risk factor thenkhat avanga risk sang zawk i nih chuan a na thei hle. Tin, a kai theih hle bawk a, a awm reng thei a, a lo let leh thei bawk. Antibiotics i ei hnua diarrhea i neih chuan doctor hnenah hrilh nghal rawh. Diarrhea titawp thei damdawi ei suh, a pui dawn lo va, a tizual thei hial a ni. C. diff i vei nia i rinhlelh chuan doctor pan nghal rawh.

Chuti a nih chuan, he thawnthu atang hian eng thil nge kan hriat reng tur?

C. diff hi kan intestine lianah natna thlen thei bacteria a ni. Hei hian riltam leh pum na ang chi symptom a thlen thin.

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Hei hi antibiotics hian gut chhunga bacteria tha tak takte a tihlum hian a thleng fo thin a, chu chuan C. diff chu a lo thang lian thei a ni.

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Hei hi hri kai theih a ni a, chuvangin kut sil leh faina enkawl hi a pawimawh hle.

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Kum upa lam te, taksa peng hrang hrang chak lote leh damdawi ina awm te hian hetiang hi an nei tam zawk.

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Symptoms i neih chuan doctor thurawn la nghal rawh. A chhan chu, uluk taka enkawl a nih chuan i dam leh thei fo. Mahse, enkawl loh chuan harsatna a awm thei.

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I damdawi ei tur chu doctor-in a tih ang chiah leh a hun taka ei a pawimawh hle.

Chuvangin, he thu hi i tan a tangkai ngei ka beisei. Hrisel takin awm rawh!