I genes hian i hriselna leh taksa pianphungah chanvo a nei tih i hre tawh ngei ang. Chu chu a dik a, mahse, i nun dân te, i ei leh in te, leh i chhehvêl chuan chûng gene-te hnathawh dân chu a tidanglam thei tak zet tih i hria em? Hei hi Epigenetics —genes express dan control tu factors zirchianna bulpui ber a ni. Hei hi field thar tak a nih laiin, i hriselna atan a pawimawh hle tih rin theih a ni a, chuvangin ngun zawkin i lo en ang u.
Chuti a nih chuan, Epigenetics hi eng nge ni tak tak?
A awlsam zawngin, epigenetics chu i chhehvel leh i nungchang hian i genes hnathawh dan a nghawng dan zir chianna a ni. Kan gene-te chu kan nu leh pate rochun thupêk nghet tak angin kan ngai fo ṭhîn—kan mit rawng emaw, natna ṭhenkhat kan vei duhna emaw ang chi hi. Genes hi tihdanglam theih loh anga ngaih a awl hle. Mahse, chu gene-te chu engtin nge an thawh theih tih nghawng neiin i hrisêlna i ti ṭha thei a nih chuan han ngaihtuah teh. Chu chu epigenetics lama scientist-te’n an chhui chiang tak chu a ni a, mi zawng zawngin kan ngaihven tur thupui a ni.
Epigenetics hian i cell chhunga chemical thil awmte’n i gene activity an tihregulate dan a ngaihtuah ber a ni. Scientist-te chuan hengte hi ‘epigenetic marks’ emaw ‘chemical signatures’ emaw an ti a. A chang chuan heng marker te hian i taksa a tichak a, natna dona kawngah a pui bawk a, mahse a chang chuan i damna tur a tichhe thei a ni.
Chu thumal chu i tihchhiat chuan ‘epi’ (Greek tawngin ‘over’ emaw ‘around’ tihna) leh ‘genetics’ te chu i genes-a thawk zawng zawng sawifiah turin an rawn inzawm khawm a ni. Zirchiangtute chuan i DNA-a taksa lama inzawm chemical marker-te chu an en a, chutih rualin ni tin nunah pawn lam thil i tawn te—i ei leh in te, i taksa tihchakna te, leh i lo seilian na hmun te pawh an zirchiang bawk.
Engtin nge i chhehvel leh duhthlanna hian hei hi a nghawng?
Scientist-te chuan i chhehvel leh mimal nunphung hian i hriselna a siam tih hi hun rei tak atangin an lo hre tawh a. Entir nan:
- Toxin thenkhat i tawn hian cancer vei theihna a tipung a ni .
- Air pollution hian asthma ang chi dinhmun a thlen thei a ni .
- Exercise neih fo hian i thinlung a tichak a ni .
- Ei leh in tha tak ei hian i thluak leh taksa hriselna a pui a ni .
I hriselna leh dam rei hi i genetics emaw, i nature emaw atanga lo chhuak mai a ni lo va; thil tam tak inzawmkhawmna (complex interaction) an ni.
A bulpui ber atang hian tan ila: Genes leh DNA
Genes hi i DNA functional unit a ni. I DNA set kimchang chu instruction manual nen tehkhin a ni fo a, chu chuan i taksa hnathawh dan leh a insiamthat dan tur blueprint a pe a ni.
Genes hi eng nge ni tak tak?
I taksa chu cell trillion tam tak aṭanga siam a ni a, chu chu a hlui emaw, a chhe tawh emaw aiah a inṭhen reng a ni. I DNA-ah hian heng cell-te hi engtikah nge an lo thanglian tur tih te, engtikah nge an in copy tur tih te, engtikah nge an tihtawp tur tih te a awm a.
Engtin nge cell-te hian DNA an hman?
I taksaa cell tin hian i DNA section ṭhenkhat chhiarin hna bik an thawk a—heng section-te hi i genes an ni. I genome hi cookbook lian tak angin ngaihtuah la, chutah chuan genes chu mimal recipe a ni. Cell tin hian cookbook pumpui hi an mamawh vek lo va; heart cell chuan heart cell a nih theihna tura a mamawh ‘recipe’ chauh a chhiar thin. Cake i siam dawnin tomato 🍅 sauce siam dan tur recipe i mamawh loh ang bawkin, cell te hian an chanvo bik nena inzawm instruction chauh an access thin.
Epigenome chu eng nge ni?
I epigenome hi i gene zawng zawng leh an hman dan tur control tu regulatory marker te atanga siam a ni. A pawimawh ber chu i epigenome hi a dynamic a ni; hun kal zelah a danglam zel a ni. Chûng inthlâk danglamnate chu a ṭha thei a—ei leh in hrisel, exercise, leh rilru hahna tihtlem avânga lo awm—a nih loh leh, a ṭha lo thei a, chu chu ei tûr siam chhuah, meizuk, leh lungkhamna rei tak avânga nghawng a ni thei bawk. Pawn lam thil zawng zawng i thunun thei reng reng lo nain, i inherited DNA sequence i thlak danglam theih ai chuan i epigenome chu nasa zawka nghawng thei thiltihtheihna i nei a ni.
Eng dinhmun nge Epigenetics nena inzawm?
Research kalpui mek a ni a, mahse scientist-te chuan epigenetic changes hi hriselna dinhmun hrang hrang nen an inzawm tir tawh a:
- I metabolism regulation a ni .
- Tar leh kum upat avanga natna te .
- Thluak nena inzawm natna, Parkinson natna , Alzheimer natna , leh rilru lama harsatna nei syndrome hrang hrangte .
- Cancer natna lo piang chhuak .
- Substance hmansualna (substance hmansualna) .
- Inflammation -related conditions, asthma leh autoimmune natna (eg, Behcet’s disease ) te pawh a tel .
Research a kal zel avangin scientist-te chuan he hriatna hi hriselna lama hmasawnna tur atana kan hman tangkai theih dan tur hriat belh an beisei. Symptoms ngaihtuahawm i neih chuan healthcare professional rawn la emaw, thil awmdan chu a hmanhmawhthlak a nih chuan emergency services hnenah emaw zawhfiah rawh.
- Epigenetic changes hian damdawi lam dinhmun hrang hrang a thlen dan emaw, a inzawm dan emaw chungchangah hriatna thar nei rawh.
- Natna thenkhat i neih theihna tur tihtlem nan i nitin nunah actionable step i tih theihte zir rawh.
- Epigenome bik target-a enkawlna thar siam chhuah a kal zel dan chhui rawh.
Eng tak takin nge i epigenome hi a nghawng thei?
I epigenome hi thiltihtheihna chhiar sen lohin a siam a, chûng zînga ṭhenkhat chuan i pian hma pawhin a nghawng ṭan che a ni. Entirna pawimawh tak tak thenkhat chu hetiang hi a ni:
- I nu naupai diet .
- I nu taksa hriselna zawng zawng leh naupai laia rilru lam hriselna .
- Nausen leh naupang tê i nih laia i ei leh in tur i dawn kha .
- Naupan laia thil tha lo thleng thin .
- Naupan laia zirlai tawnhriat leh puitlingte nena inpawh tawnna .
- Thli bawlhhlawh, diesel meikhu, cigarette meikhu ang chi toxin nena inzawmna .
- Chemical plastic, BPA, emaw lead leh cadmium ang chi heavy metal te nena inzawmna .
- Damdawi thenkhat prescription hmanga pek chhuah .
- Zu, zuk leh hmuam, leh intihhlimna atana ruihhlo dangte hman .
- Puitling i nih laia i ei leh in i zawm dan .
- I taksa tihchakna level .
- Nitin i stress level te .
- I inlaichinna leh inpawh tawnna te .
- I awmna khawtlang leh i tanpui theihna tur system awmte .
- I damdawi mamawhna atana healthcare leh resources hmuh theihna .
Engtin nge heng inthlâk danglamnate hi a lo awm?
Scientist-te chuan heng exposure leh experience-te hian i cell chhunga inthlak danglamna a thlen dan dik tak chu an la hmuchhuak zel a ni. A tlangpuiin heng thilte hian i DNA-ah "epigenetic mark" a dah a, chu chuan i cell-te hnathawh dan a nghawng a ni.
Entirnan, epigenetic marks hian a chang chuan i genome thenkhat chu chhiar theih lohvin a siam thei a ni. Hei hian gene active tur chu "silenced" emaw "turned off" emaw a ni tihna a ni. Chuvângin, i cell-te chuan chu genetic instruction-te chu an chhiar thei lo va, chu chuan cancer cell-te ṭhanlenna tihtawp ang chi hna pawimawh tak tak an thawh theih loh phah thei a ni.Epigenetic changes tha lo thenkhat chu hun rei lote chhunga awm leh tihdanglam theih a ni a, mahse thenkhat erawh chu rei tak a awm thei a, dam chhung zawng a awm thei bawk.
Heng inthlak danglamna te pawh hi a tha thei ang em?
Ni e, a dik tak zet. Epigenetic marks hi a hlawkpui thei a, a veng thei bawk. Entîr nân, naupang hnêna zir theihna hun remchâng tam tak pêk hian kum tam tak chhûnga an rilru leh taksa hrisêlna ṭanpuitu epigenetic change ṭha tak a thlen thei a ni .
I nu leh pate hnen atanga i rochun gene i thlang thei lo va, i chhehvel khawvela thil awm zawng zawng hi i thunun thei lo. Mahse, nangmah—leh i fate—te "enkawltu" thilte hriat chian chuan epigenome hrisel tak siam turin theihtawp chhuah turin a tichak ang che.
Kan epigenome hi a tha zawngin kan nghawng thei ang em? Awle! Engtin?
Hei hi roadmap pakhat chauh a awm loh laiin, scientist-te chuan i duhthlanna ṭhenkhat chuan epigenetic change ṭha tak takte chu a thlawp thei a, thil ṭha lo thlen theihna a ti tlem thei niin an ngai. Tips thenkhat chu hetiang hi a ni:
- Ei leh in tha tak ei rawh. I hriselna mamawh leh nunphung bik ang zela ei tur ruahmanna siam turin nutritionist emaw i doctor emaw zawt rawh.
- I ni khatah taksa tihchakna telh bawk ang che. Exercise thar i tan hmain i doctor nen inbiakna nei fo la, chutiang chuan thil him tak tak i tih theih nan an kaihruai thei ang che.
- Zu khap la, zuk leh hmuam thil siamte chu bansan vek rawh.
- Stress hi enkawl la, a theih ang anga rilru hahdam taka awm tum ang che.
Heng zawng zawng hi nangmah tan i tih theih tur step zawng zawng a ni. Mahse, zirchianna chuan kan epigenome hi kan dam chhung kum engemaw zat chhungin a danglam awlsam ber tih a tarlang . Chuvângin, nu leh pa emaw, enkawltu emaw i nih chuan, heng ngaihtuah tûrte hi a pawimawh hle a ni:
- I fain ei leh in dik tak a dawng ngei ngei tur a ni. I fate thanlenna tur a tha ber tur thurawn dil turin i pediatrician zawt rawh.
- Zir hmasak theihna hun remchang siamsak. Hei hian zirlai leh hriatrengna tichaktu infiamna hmanrua pek te, i fa nena inbiakna te, lehkhabu chhiar te, leh thumal thar zirtir te a huam a ni.
- I fa bulah chuan mi \anpuitu, hmangaihna nei, leh rintlak, thlamuanna leh himna pe theitu awmna boruak siam rawh.
- Ei leh in lama harsatna, in lama harsatna, chhungkaw tihduhdahna ang chi harsatna i tawk a nih chuan doctor hnenah tanpuina dil rawh. Nangmah leh i chhungte humhimna atana hmanraw mamawh zawng turin an pui thei che a ni.
Take-Home Thuchah chu a ni
Epigenetics concept hi a buaithlak emaw, a buaithlak emaw a nih chuan nangmah chauh i ni lo. Kan taksa chhunga thil thlengte ngaihtuah hian ngaihnawm tak a ni thei a, mahse a châng chuan kan thunun theih loh thil tam tak hriat chu a hlauhawm hle bawk. Mahse, epigenetics hian beiseina a pe a, chu chuan kan taksa chhungril lam thil kalphungah nghawng engemaw zat kan nei tih a tilang a ni.
Epigenetics hi zirchianna thar tak a ni. Kan hriat loh tam tak a la awm a, chu chu hmuhchhuah tur tam tak a la awm tihna a ni! I doctor chuan i gene leh epigenome-in i hriselna a nghawng dan chungchang thu belhchian dawl zawk a pe thei a, zir belh zelna tur thil rintlak tak takah a hruai thei bawk che a ni.
A tawi zawngin, kan genes hi kan thawnthua thil pakhat chauh a ni. Kan nun dan te, kan duhthlanna te, leh hmangaihna leh ngaihsakna kan dawn te hian chu thawnthu a lo chhuah danah hmun pawimawh tak a chang vek a ni. Chu chu Nirogi Lanka leh epigenetics field-in min zirtirna hlu ber a ni.
