"Legally Blind" tih thumal hi i hre tawh ngei ang. Mahse, "Chu chu i hmu thei lo tihna em ni? A nih loh leh thil dang tihna em ni?" Hei hi chiang zawka hriat chian ngai thil a ni. A chhan chu doctor ten an hman fo thin medical term a nih loh vang a ni. Chuvangin, chipchiar zawkin sawi ila, kan sawi dawn em ni?
"Legally Blind" tih hi eng nge a awmzia tak?
A awlsam zawngin, "Legally Blind" tih hi dan leh thupek lama mitdelna nasa tak sawina a ni. Damdawi lam thumal, natna sawina atana hman a ni lo. Chu ai chuan sorkar agency ang chi institution-te chuan mitdelna nena inzawm policy leh hamthatna hrang hrang dawng thei tur chu tute nge ni tih hriat nan an hmang zawk a ni. Chu chu, mi pakhat mitdelna, emaw, mitdelna chu heng level-te nen hian a inang emaw, a hniam emaw a nih chuan, chu mi chu "dan anga mitdel" anga ngaih a ni tihna a ni.
Hetiang hian han ngaihtuah teh, mi thenkhat chuan glasses hmang pawhin chiang takin an hmu thei lo. Chutiang hunah chuan sorkarin an hmathlir a chhe zia a teh thei a, chhawmdawlna engemaw chen a pe thei bawk. He "legally blind" thil hi chutiang chu a ni.
Total blindness leh "legal blindness" hi eng nge an danglamna?
"Mitdel" kan tih hian mi tam zawk chuan engmah an hmuh theih lohna state an ngaihtuah a, engkim hi pitch black a ni. Doctor-te chuan hei hi "No Light Perception" (NLP) tiin an sawi thin. Chu chu êng tlemte pawh an hmu thei lo tihna a ni. Mahse, mitdel zawng zawng hi he category-ah hian an tla vek lo. Dik tak chuan mit natna nei zinga 15% chauh hi mitdel vek an ni. A dang 85% chuan mitdel level engemaw zat an nei. Chumi awmzia chu a châng chuan ziak lian tak tak an chhiar thei a, thil lian tak tak an hre thei a, êng leh thim an thliar hrang thei tihna a ni.
"Legally blind" tih awmzia chu miin mitdel level eng emaw zat a nei a, mahse dan atanga chhanchhuahna dawng tur chuan a tawk lo tihna a ni.
Engtin nge "legally blind" tih hi tihfel a nih? (American entirnan)
He "legally blind" tih dan hi ram hrang hrangah a inang lo deuh thei a ni. Entirnan, United States-a an tih dan hi han thlir ila. Chutah chuan Social Security Administration (SSA) chu sorkar agency a ni a, a dan tur a siam a ni. Kum 1934-a American Medical Association-in a lo hman tawh hrilhfiahna an hmang a ni.
Chu hrilhfiahna ang chuan mi pakhat chu "dan anga mitdel" a nih theih nan a hnuaia mi pakhat tal chu a dik a ngai a ni:
- Glasses emaw contact lens emaw i bun a nih pawhin i mit tha zawka i mit hmuh chu 20/200 emaw a aia chhe zawk emaw a ni tur a ni. Hei hian i field of view lairil lama vision awm chu a kawk a ni. I mit pakhat chu a dang aiin a tha zawk a nih chuan a tehna chu mit tha zawkah lak a ni.
- I field of vision chu degree 20 aia zau a ni tur a ni lo.Chumi awmzia chu i hmuh theih range chu a tawi hle tur a ni. Hetah pawh hian mit pakhat hmuh theihna field chu a dang aiin a zau zawk a nih chuan chu mit tha zawk atang chuan tehna chu lak a ni.
Pawimawh: Hei hi United States atanga hrilhfiahna a ni. Sri Lanka emaw ram dangah emaw hian hrilhfiahna emaw, kalphung hrang hrang a awm thei. Mahse a ngaihdan bulpui chu a inang hle - chu chu mitdelna nasa tak a ni.
20/200 vision chu eng nge ni? A awlsam zawngin i hrethiam ang u
Kan mit kan enfiah hian doctor ten number pahnih min pe a, entirnan 20/20, 20/40, 20/200. Hei hian eng nge a awmzia?
A tlangpuiin 20/20 vision hi hrisel, normal vision anga ngaih a ni.
Tunah chuan 20/200 tih awmzia hi han en ila:
- Number hmasa ber (20) chu eng chen nge i en hlat tih (feet-a chhut) a ni.
- Number pahnihna (200) chu mitdelna pangngai nei mi pakhatin thil pakhat chiang taka a hmuh theih zat a ni.
A awlsam zawngin, mit 20/200 nei mi chuan feet 200 vel a hlaa mit 20/20 nei pangngaiin a hmuh theih tur thil hmuh theih nan feet 20 vel a hnaih a ngai dawn a ni. Chutiang a nih loh chuan chutiang hlaa chiang taka hmuh theih nan thil chu a let sawma lian a ngai dawn a ni.
Ngaihtuah teh, kawngpuiah i kal a, mi pangngaiin feet 200 atanga bus number a chhiar thei a nih chuan, nang, 20/200 vision nei hian bus atanga feet 20 vel a hlaa i awm thlengin i chhiar a ngai a ni. I hrethiam em?
- Number pahnihna chu a tlem (e.g. 20/15) a nih chuan i mit hmuh chu a tlangpui aiin a tha zawk tihna a ni.
- Number pahnihna chu a lian (e.g. 20/200) a nih chuan i mit chu a tlangpui aiin a chak lo zawk tihna a ni.
Khawvel ram dangte hian he dinhmun hi engtin nge an ngaih?
United States-ah chuan "legally blind" tih threshold chu 20/200 a nih laiin, ram ṭhenkhat chuan thumal dang an hmang emaw, mitdelna level na zawk pawh an sawifiah emaw a ni.
Entirnan, United Kingdom (UK) chuan metric system an hmang a. Chutah chuan vision 6/60 (a tlangpuiin 20/200 nen a inang) chu "sight impaired (partially sighted)" anga ngaih a ni. Threshold 6/150 (chu chu feet-a 20/500 nen a inang tlangpui) an nei a, "severely sight impaired (blind) " tiin an sawi.
Tin, khawvel ram tam tak chuan an dan anga hrilhfiahna atan World Health Organization (WHO) International Classification of Diseases (ICD) an ring tlat bawk. ICD edition 11-na hnuhnung ber hian mitdelna a thliar hrang a, hei hian "mitdel" tih hi category pathum a nei a ni.
ICD hian mitdel leh mitdelna chu a hnuaia tehfung ang hian a thliar hrang a ni.
- Mild impairment: Mit tha ber, glasses vuah chuan mit hmuhna chu 6/12 aia tlem ni mahse 6/18 nen a inang emaw, a tha zawk emaw a ni.
- Mitdelna (moderate mitdel):Mit tha ber ah chuan glasses hmanga mit hmuh chu 6/18 aia tlem ni mahse 6/60 nen a inang emaw, a tha zawk emaw a ni.
- Mit lama harsatna nasa tak: Mit tha ber, glasses vuah chuan mit hmuhna chu 6/60 aia tlem ni mahse 3/60 (or no light vision) nen a inang emaw, a tha zawk emaw a ni. (Hei hi "legal blindness" nen a inang fo).
- Mitdelna: Mit tha ber, glasses hmanga hmuh theihna chu 3/60 aia tlem a ni a, a nih loh leh field of view chu degree 10 aia tlem a ni. (Hemi chhungah hian subcategory dang pawh a awm bawk).
"Legal blindness" hi engtiang chiahin nge a awm?
"Legally blind" tih hi a awm fo lo. Mahse mithiamte chuan kum sawmhnih chhungin he natna vei hi an pung chak hle dawn niin an ngai. Kum 2016-a zirchianna pakhat chuan United States-ah hian mi maktaduai khat chuang chauhvin 20/200 vision criterion an tlin niin an chhut. Chu zirchianna vek chuan kum 2050-ah chuan he zat hi a let hnih a pung dawn niin a chhut bawk.
Hei hi tar ruala mit natna (e.g., mitdel, glaucoma, kum upat avanga mit natna (macular degeneration)) leh zunthlum ang chi natna avanga mit chhiatna nasa lutuk vang a ni thei.
Engtin nge he "legal blindness" hi certificate ka hmuh theih ang? (A kalphung pangngai) .
Hetiang dinhmun atana certificate lak dan hi ram hrang hrangah a inang lo thei a ni. United States-ah chuan Social Security Administration (SSA) hi chutiang atana qualification siamtu ber a ni.
A tlangpuiin, hetiang certificate lak chungchangah hian hriat tur pawimawh tak tak i tih theih tur thenkhat chu hetiang hi a ni:
- Agency-te chuan i medical record-te chu an dil thei ang: "Legalally blind" i nihzia finfiahna i pek a ngai mai thei a, mahse, agency-te chuan a tul chuan chu evidence chu khawlkhawm turin an pui thei che a ni. I mit lam doctor emaw, healthcare provider dang emaw hnen atangin record an dil thei a ni. Mahse chutiang ti tur chuan i phalna an mamawh a ni.
- I doctor hi thu hriatna bulpui ber a ni: mahse i neih loh chuan, emaw, i doctor-in chhan dang avanga screening requirement a tlin loh chuan, agency chuan "legal blindness" criteria i tlin leh tlin loh hriat nan consultative examination a ruahman thei ang.
- I mit hmuh lohna chu a awm reng lo a nih pawhin certificate chu i la dawng thei tho a ni: I mitdelna chu hun eng emaw chen atan emaw, tihdanglam theih emaw pawh ni se, chutiang hamthatna dawng tur chuan daltu a ni lo thei. Ram sawi tur dan leh policy-ah a innghat a ni.
Sri Lanka ramah chuan hetiang dinhmun atana chhawmdawlna leh service dawn chungchang hi Department of Social Services ang chi institution a\angin thu i dawng thei a ni. Tin, i mit lam doctor pawhin hemi chungchangah hian kaihhruaina a pe thei bawk ang.
"Legalally blind" i nih chuan eng hlawkna nge i neih?
"Legalally blind" tia certified i nih hnuah ram hrang hrangah benefit leh service hrang hrang i dawng thei tawh ang. Entirnan, United States-a federal hamthatna awm thei thenkhat hi han en ila:
- Thla tin Social Security Disability Insurance (SSDI) atanga pawisa pek thin a ni.
- Thla tin Supplemental Security Income (SSI) pek thin (hengte hi state hrang hrangah a inang lo thei).
- Medicare kaltlangin insurance coverage (kum 65 aia upa lo pawh ni ila).
Hengte hi United States atanga entirnan chauh a ni. Sri Lanka emaw ram dangah emaw tanpuina chi hrang hrang a awm thei. Chung zingah chuan sum leh pai lama tanpuina, zirna lama tanpuina, hnathawhna tur hmun bik, zin chhuahna atana tanpuina, leh tanpuina hmanrua (e.g., white canes, software bik) te pawh a tel thei.
Hemi chungchang hi hriat belh i duh chuan i mit lam doctor, healthcare provider, emaw sorkar agency kaihhnawih (e.g., Department of Social Services) emaw i zawt thei ang.
A pawimawh ber chu: Thuchah thinlunga vawn tur
A tawp berah chuan hei hi a ni. "Legally blind" tih hi nangmah sawifiahna label a ni lo. Mitdelna nena inzawm hlawkna leh service i hmuh theihna tura puitu official status chauh a ni. Sawrkar agency-te chuan he thumal hi hamthatna leh service thenkhat dawng thei tura i tlin theih nan eng criteria bik nge i zawm tur tih sawifiah nan an hmang thin.
Nangmah emaw, i hriat miin emaw mitdelna a neih chuan hlauthawng suh. Mit lam doctor hnenah thurawn pe rawh. I dinhmun chiang takin an hrilh thei che a, eng enkawlna nge awm tih te, a tul chuan chutiang hlawkna chu engtin nge i dil theih ang tih te an hrilh thei che a ni. Ṭanpuina dil hi a tlai ngai lo tih hre reng ang che.
` Legal blindness, mitdel, mitdel, mit hriselna, 20/200 vision, social security benefits, field of vision
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