Chûng thilte chuan i vênghimtu chu i hria em? (Personal Protective Equipment - PPE) I hre chiang ang u!

Damdawi in emaw, clinic emaw i kal hian doctor emaw, nurse emaw, kutkawr vuah leh an hmaiah mask vuah pawh i hmu tawh ngei ang tih han ngaihtuah teh, a dik em? Chu chu mimal invenna hmanrua , emaw PPE (Personal Protective Equipment) tih hi a ni. Chûngte chu thawmhnaw chi hrang hrang emaw, fashion emaw chauh a ni lo. Hengte hi kan phaw ang mai, nangmah leh hriselna lama thawktute, hlauhawm hrang hrang laka, a bik takin natna darh zel laka enkawltu che u. Chuvangin, heng PPE chi hrang hrangte hi eng nge an nih leh hman dan tur hriat hi nangmah, i chhungte leh i chhehvela mi zawng zawng tan a pawimawh hle.

PPE chu eng nge ni? Engvangin nge a pawimawh em em?

A awlsam zawngin sawi ila, PPE hi thawmhnaw emaw hmanraw eng pawh a ni thei a, chu chuan harsatna hrang hrang laka a humhim thei che a ni. PPE hi a bik takin healthcare field-ah a pawimawh hle. A chhan chu damdawi lam rawngbawlna petute chauh a humhim lo va, nangni damdawi lam rawngbawlna dawngtu te pawh a humhim bawk.

Hetiang hian han ngaihtuah teh. I enkawl hma che chuan doctor emaw nurse emaw chuan midang hliamah damdawi a hnawih a. Chuti a nih chuan chutiang kutkawr hman tawh chu ha chungin i hnenah an lo kal dawn lo a ni lawm ni? Chu kutkawr hlui chu an phelh ang a, an kut an sil emaw, an ``sanitize'' emaw ang a, chutah chuan kutkawr thar, thianghlim tak hmangin an enkawl ang che. Chu chu PPE pawimawhna chu a ni. In pahnih hian a humhim che u a ni.

Tin, PPE chi thenkhat chu a hmangtu tan `fit`, emaw, hman tur atana training bik mamawh emaw a awm bawk. Tunah hian he damdawi lam kawngah hian eng ang PPE nge hman a nih tih hi han thlir ila.

Damdawi lama hman tur PPE chi hrang hrang

Damdawi lama hman ber PPE chi hrang hrang a awm a:

• Hmai leh thawkna laka invenna hmanrua
• Kutkawr
• Taksa khuhtu leh venghimtu thawmhnaw

Heng zawng zawng hi chipchiar takin sawi ila.

1. Hmai leh thawkna kawng venhimna hmanrua

He category-ah hian a hnuaia mite hi a tel ber a ni.

• Face mask: Hengte hi hnar leh hmui khuh thei mask awlsam ber berte an ni. Hengte hi damlohna hun, flu emaw, doctor-in routine checkup a pek lai emawa hman thin mask te an ni. ``Surgical mask'' ang deuhin lang mahse, quality inang an ni ngai lo.
• Surgical mask: Hengte hi face mask nen a inang a, mahse a thickness leh filtering level hrang hrangah a awm. Face mask pangngai aiin standard khauh zawk an tlin a ngai a ni (entir nan, United States-ah chuan Food and Drug Administration (FDA) hian heng standard hi a siam a ni. Kan rama health authority-te pawhin hemi atan hian dan an siam bawk).
• Mit venna: Face shield leh goggles te hian mit tan taksa venhimna a pe a.
• Hnathawh tur bik (Filtering facepiece respirators - FFRs):Hengte hi chi hrang hrang leh filtration level hrang hrangah an awm a. Entirnan, N95 mask, emaw battery hmanga thawk air-purifying respirators (PAPRs) te pawh a awm thei. Chungte chu hmai vel ah a in fit tha a ngai a, hnar leh hmui vel ah airtight seal siam a ngai a ni. Ṭhenkhat chuan integrated eye shield an nei bawk.

2. Gloves hman tur

Damdawi lama glove hman zawng zawng hi a inang vek lo. A chi hrang hrang a awm a, routine examination atana hman simple exam gloves atanga sterile surgical gloves thlengin a awm. Tin, damdawi emaw chemical emaw thenkhat hman huna hman thin gloves thuk zawk pawh he category-ah hian a tel ve bawk.

3. Taksa khuhtu leh venghimtu thawmhnaw

Hei hian doctor leh nurse-te inbel general scrub atanga specialized thawmhnaw dang thlengin a huam vek a ni. Hengte hi a invenna tur khuhna thenkhat chu a ni:

• Aprons: Hengte hi hman theih emaw, hman nawn theih emaw pawh a ni thei a, hun hrang hranga hman theih tur thil chi hrang hranga siam apron pawh a awm bawk.
• Gown: Gown chi hrang hrang a awm a, `surgical gown` leh `nonsurgical gown` te hi a ni. Hengte hi damdawi in leh clinic-ah te hman tlanglawn tak a ni.
• Coveralls: Hengte hian apron emaw gown emaw aiin coverage leh protection a pe tam zawk. Taksa pum huap thei tura duan an ni.
• Ke khuhna: A chi hrang hrang a awm a, disposable shoe cover atanga tui emaw chemical emaw laka invenna boots thlengin a awm.
• Lu khuhna: PPE hmanrua thenkhat chu lu pum pui khuh thei tura siam a ni a, chu chu hood lian tak angin a ni. Chungte chuan lu chu natna hrik leh taksa tui lakah a veng thei a ni.

PPE fimkhurna chi hrang hrangte chu engte nge ni?

Tunah chuan engtikah nge PPE hman tur tih leh eng chi nge hman tur tih hi han sawi ila. Mithiamte chuan heng PPE chi hrang hrangte hi natna kai dan azirin an buatsaih thin (transmission-based precautions) . Chu chu, PPE chi mamawh chu natna pakhat a darh dan a\angin a innghat tihna a ni.

Gloves hman hi fimkhurna level zawng zawngah standard a nih a pawimawh hle. Tin, face mask leh surgical mask hman hi a tam hle a, thil awmdan azirin.

Natna inkaichhawn dan azirin fimkhur tur chi li a awm a, chungte chu:

• Thisen chhuak a ni
• Contact hmanga kai theih
• Thluak atanga kai theih (Droplet) .
• Thli atanga kai theih

Hengte hi pakhat hnu pakhatin han thlir ila.

1. Thisen atanga fimkhur dan tur

Hengte hi damdawi lam thil tam takah hman a ni nasa hle. Chutiang dinhmunah chuan health worker-te chuan kutkawr an hmang ngei ang. Chu mai ni lovin, thil awmdan azirin hmanraw dang pawh hman theih a ni. Entir nan:

• Hmaikawr
• Mit leh hmai khuhna
• Taksa khuhna (apron, gown ang chi) .
• Sharp (needle ang chi) him taka hman leh paih theihna atana hmanraw mamawh .

2. Contact atanga natna kai theih laka inhnaih fimkhur dan

Heng fimkhurnate hi mi pakhat atanga mi dang emaw, thil emaw, lei chung emaw khawih avanga natna kai theih laka invenna atan hman a ni. Hei atan hian standard PPE chu gloves leh disposable gowns a ni . Entirnan, doctor pakhatin stethoscope ang chi hmanraw hman tlanglawn tak a hman a ngai a nih chuan ``single-use disposable`` an hmang ang.

Contact atanga kai theih natna entir thenkhat:

• Methicillin laka invenna Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) natna vei te
• Gastrointestinal infection, Norovirus emaw Clostridium difficile (C. diff) emaw ang chi te pawh a awm thei.
• Hliam awm fo dang emaw, vun natna emaw

Hetianga damlo enkawl lai hian taksa tui nena inhnaih theihna a awm chuan healthcare worker-te chuan invenna hmanrua dang an hmang thin.

3. Thluak atanga natna kai theih laka Droplet fimkhur dan

Heng fimkhurna te hi kan ka leh hnar atanga kan khuh, kan thawk, kan thawk, leh kan thusawi laia kan hmui leh kan hnar atanga natna te te (`droplets`) atanga lo chhuak te laka inven nan kan hmang thin a ni. Entirnan, hripui natna hrik, `Influenza` leh `COVID-19` te tan chuan heng fimkhurna te hi a tul a ni. Chumi atana hman PPE chu:

• Hmai leh mit khuhna surgical mask, face shield, emaw goggles ang chi te
• Taksa khuhna tur, gown, apron, leh coverall te
• Ke khuhna, boot emaw pheikhawk khuhna emaw ang chi

4. Thlipui atanga fimkhur dan tur

Hei hi fimkhurna khauh ber a ni . Thliah emaw, lei chungah emaw hun rei tak awm thei lo hrik laka invenna atan hman a ni. Chumi atana PPE mamawh chu:

• A bik taka dah respirator, entirnan `FFRs (N95 ang chi)`
• Mit leh hmai khuhna
• Taksa khuhna apron, coverall, disposable gown ang chi te
• Ke khuhna, boot emaw pheikhawk khuhna emaw ang chi

Thli atanga natna kai entirnan:

• Bacteria avanga natna, `Tuberculosis` emaw `Anthrax` emaw ang chi te
• Measles, virus avanga lo awm, emaw, herpes zoster (shingles) (chickenpox vei tawhte vei natna dang) hrik kai theih chi thenkhat emaw

Non-medical PPE chi hrang hrangte chu engte nge ni?

Medical settings piah lamah pawh PPE hman hian hliam na tak emaw, natna emaw a veng thei a ni. Damdawi lam ni lo PPE entir nan hetiang hi a ni:

• Thluak venna: Carpentry, lei laih, leh lungalhthei laihchhuahna hmuna thil tenawm lo chhuak te filter nan. Tin, paint leh chemical atanga meikhu rimchhia laka inven nan an hmang bawk.
• Accident laka taksa peng venna: helmet, thil rit laka ke venna tur reinforced boot, etc.
• Hriatna venhimna: I beng chu thawm ri nasa tak laka ven nan earplugs emaw, hmanraw dang emaw hmang la.
• Mit venhimna: Welder-te hman thin shielding eyewear (retinal burns venna) te, leh impact-resistant glasses emaw shield hmanga mit thlawk thei thil chi hrang hrang laka venna tur thil te.
• Chaw Hriselna: Hairnet leh gloves ang chi thilte hian ei leh in atanga natna tam tak a veng thei a ni.

PPE chi hrang hrang, hlauhawm bik pakhat atana hman tur bik a awm. Entirnan:

• Kangmei ven hna thawktute’n an hak, lumna laka invenna thawmhnaw leh turnout gear.
• Rubber gloves hi electric laka inven nan hman a ni.
• Ripstop garment hi chainsaw ang chi machinery chak tak tak laka invenna atan hman a ni.
• Chemical laka invenna thawmhnaw leh chemical tha lo tak tak paih chhuahna hmuna hman tur gear.
• Sipai venhimna hmanrua, entirnan `MOPP (Mission-Oriented Protective Posture) gear`.

Non-medical PPE chi dang tam tak a awm a, chu chu hna emaw, hnathawh dan emaw a zirin a ni. Hemi chungchang hi i hriat belh duh chuan i awmna hmun emaw, i ram chhunga sorkar agency te hnen atangin tanpuina i dawng thei ang.

A tawp berah chuan thil hriat reng tur (Take-Home Message) .

Hriselna leh hrisel taka i awm theih nan personal protective equipment (PPE) hi a pawimawh hle. Industry thenkhata awmte tan chuan nitin nunah a tel ve laiin, PPE hian mi zawng zawng a puih theihna tur kawng tam tak a awm.

Nangmah emaw, i chhungte zinga tu emaw chuan damdawi lam enkawlna i dawn hunah, infection control fimkhur dan tur chungchangah thu belhchian dawl zawk zawh hreh suh. PPE leh fimkhur dan hriatthiamna hian a kaihhnawih zawng zawng tan danglamna nasa tak a thlen thei a ni. Zawhna i neih chuan i doctor emaw nurse emaw zawh hreh suh. I himna hi an ngaih pawimawh ber a ni bawk!

` Mimal invenna hmanrua, PPE, damdawi lam hmai tuamna, hmai tuamna, kutkawr, natna kai theihna, hri kai venna, invenna puan, hriselna venhimna