I testicle ah hian danglamna a awm em? Seminoma chungchang hi i zir dawn em ni?

I testicles i en emaw, i hriat emaw hian thil mak tak, lump te tak te ang chi hi i hmu ngai em? A nih loh leh i pum hnuai lam a rit emaw, a na deuh emaw chauh i nei em? Heng thilte hi i ngaihven vak lo mai thei. Amaherawhchu, hetiang inthlak danglamna tenau te hi tlem kan ngaihtuah tur a ni. Vawiin hian natna pakhat, hetiang inthlak danglamna atanga intan thei, mahse hriat hmasak a nih chuan a tidam thei hle tih kan sawi dawn a ni. Chu chu seminoma a ni.

Seminoma chu eng nge ni? Cancer a ni em?

A awlsam zawngin, seminoma chu germ cell tumor a ni . I testicles pakhat emaw pahnih emaw ah a lo awm tlangpui. Hei hian testicular cancer chi khat a ni tihna a ni. Mipa sperm hi heng germ cell atang hian siam a ni. Chuvangin ni e, seminoma hi cancer a ni.

He hming hriat hi a hlauhawm deuh thei. Chu chu thil pangngai a ni. Mahse thu lawmawm tak chu seminoma hi cancer tihdam theih a ni fo tih hi a ni. Uluk taka enkawl a nih chuan i nunna chhanhim theihna chance tha tak a nei a ni.

A châng chuan, a natna chu enkawlna angin surgery hmanga lak chhuah a ngai thei bawk. Mahse, hei hian sex hman theihna te, nau neih theihna te, fa neih theihna te a nghawng lo tlangpui. Testicles pahnih hi lakchhuah a nih chuan sex i la hmang thei tho. Fa neih i duh chuan sperm banking emaw, IVF (In Vitro Fertilization) ang chi assisted reproductive technique emaw i hmang thei bawk.

Testicles bakah hian taksa hmun dangah seminomas hi a lo awm tlem hle. Entir nan:

• I rilru chhunga i thinlung awmna hmun (mediastinum).
• Pum hnunglam, kal awmna hmun chu ``retroperitoneum`` an ti a.

Seminoma chi hrang hrangte chu engte nge ni?

Seminoma hi subtype lian pahnih a awm a. Eng nge an nih hi han thlir ila:

1. Classic seminoma atanga lo chhuak:

Hetiang chi hian kum 25 leh 45 inkar te a nghawng tlangpui a, he thila thil danglam tak chu thisenah hian protein pakhat `Alpha-fetoprotein (AFP)` an tih level a sang lo. `AFP` hi nausen pum chhunga a lo thang lian zel laiin a thin (liver) atanga siam chhuah a ni. Puitling thisen `AFP` sang lutuk hi cancer chi hrang hrang, a bik takin testicular cancer subtype dangte chhinchhiahna a ni thei. Mahse, `classic seminoma` i neih chuan i `AFP` level a sang lo.

2. Spermatocytic seminoma awm thei te chu: 1.1.

Hetiang chi hian kum 50 chunglam a nghawng tlangpui a, he chi specialty chu a thang zawi zawi a ni. Tin, taksa peng dangah pawh a darh (metastasizing) theihna a tlem hle bawk.

Seminoma hi engtiang chiahin nge a awm?

Testicular cancer hi natna hmuh tur awm lo anga ngaih a ni tlangpui – mipa 250 zinga pakhat velin a vei thin. Amaherawhchu, data atanga a lan danin tunlai hian hri kai hi an pung zel a ni. Hei hi a chhan ber chu seminoma vei an pun zel vang a ni. Entirnan, United States-a CDC (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention) data atanga a lan dan chuan kum 2001 leh 2020 inkar khan testicular cancer hmuhchhuah zinga 54% chu seminoma a ni.

A pawimawh ber chu, testicular cancer hi a tlangpuiin a tlem hle nachungin, tlangval kum 15 leh 35 inkar zingah cancer natna vei tam ber a ni a , chuvangin he kum lama mipa tan hian a bik takin he thil hi kan hriat chian a pawimawh hle. Seminoma hian mipa kum 30 atanga 60 inkar vel a vei tlangpui.

Seminoma natna lan chhuah dan chu engte nge ni? Nang pawhin hengte hi i nei em?

Seminoma natna lan chhuah dan hi mi hrang hrangah a inang lo thei a, mahse a lan chhuah dan tlangpui tlemte a awm.

A lan chhuah dan tlangpui:

• Scrotum-a natna nei lo lump emaw swelling emaw: Hei hi a lan chhuah dan ber leh langsar ber a ni. Mi tam zawk chuan hei hi accident-in an hmu a, inbual lai emaw, thut mai mai emaw pawhin an hmu thin.
• Testicles, perineum emaw scrotum-a rit tih hriat: A chhungah thil pakhat a khat ang maiin a awm thei a, chu chuan a rit tih hriatna a siam thei.
• Testicles, pum hnuai lam emaw, scrotum-a natna: Mi thenkhat chuan natna nasa tak an nei lo mai thei a, mahse natna dull emaw, na reng reng, dull ache emaw an nei thei.

A tlem hle a, hetiang thil hi a thleng thei:

• Acute pain hi testicles-a natna rang tak, na tak tak a ni.
• Semen chhunga thisen (hematospermia) a awm.

A châng chuan, seminoma hi taksa peng dangah a darh (metastasis) a nih chuan, chu chu cancer chu a lo thang lian a, testicles pawn lama hmun hrang hrangah a kal tihna a ni a, a lan chhuah dan chu:

• Kawr chhunga lymph node-a lumps awm.
• Cough awm reng.
• Thâwk harsa (dyspnea).
• Nausea leh luak chhuak.
• Gastrointestinal atanga thisen chhuak.
• Ruh a na.

Heng symptoms pakhat emaw a aia tam emaw i neih chuan seminoma i nei tihna a ni hauh lo. Amaherawhchu, Doctor hmuh a, inenkawl a tha ber.

Seminoma hi cancer na tak, a darh chak em em?

A tir lamah chuan seminoma hi a na vak lo va, a darh chak lo. Mahse a chang chuan, a thang chak thei hle. Chuvang chuan early detection a pawimawh hle. Seminoma i vei tih hmuhchhuah a nih chuan doctor chuan a darh tawh em tih leh a dinhmun a enfiah fo ang che.

Engvangin nge he seminoma hi a lo awm? Eng nge a chhan?

Hei hi a buaithlak deuh a ni. Kan sawi tawh ang khan mipa sperm hi germ cell atanga siam a ni. A tlangpuiin nausen chu nausen pum chhunga a lo seilian chuan heng natna hrik cell te hi a lo piang a, mipa naupangah chuan chu cell te chu testicles ah an kal a, sperm an lo ni ta a ni.

Mahse seminoma vei miah chuan heng germ cell te hi sperm-ah an lo thang tak tak lo va, kawng dangin an inthen a, an pung a, a tawpah chuan tumor an siam ta a ni. Doctor-te chuan engvangin nge heng germ cells te hi a chang chuan sperm-ah an lo thanglian thei lo tih chiang takin an la hre lo. Research a la kal zel a.

Tute nge seminoma vei tam zawk? (Risk factor hrang hrang) 1.1.

Testicles nei apiangin kum eng pawhah seminoma an nei thei. Mahse, mi thenkhat chu an hlauhawmna a sang zawk tih hmuhchhuah a ni. Chung zingah chuan:

• Kum: A tlangpuiin kum 30 atanga 60 inkar mi an ni.
• Hnam: Ramdang data atanga a lan dan chuan mimal varte hian an vei tam zawk a, mahse hei hian Sri Lanka-ah engtin nge min nghawng tih hriat chian nan zirchianna neih belh a ngai a ni.
• Chhungkaw chanchin: Seminoma i lo vei tawh a nih chuan, emaw, chhungkaw hnai tak (pa emaw, unaupa emaw ang chi)-in seminoma a vei tawh a nih chuan i hlauhawmna a sang zawk.
• Undescended testicles: Naupan laia testicles pakhat emaw pahnih emaw chu scrotum chhungah a lo chhuk tha lo a nih chuan (undescended testicles emaw cryptorchidism) chu pawh chu risk factor a ni.

Seminoma i neih leh neih loh engtin nge i hriat theih ang? (Diagnosis) tih a ni.

I testicles-ah thil danglam tak i hriat chuan i tih hmasak ber tur chu doctor pan a ni. Doctor chu seminoma i vei leh neih loh chiang taka hrilh theitu chu a ni. A tlangpuiin a hnuaia mite hi a ti ang:

• I damdawi lam chanchin chu enfiah a ni ang: I natna hmasa leh i chhungte zingah hetiang dinhmun hi an nei tawh em tih zawt rawh.
• I natna lan chhuah dan a zawt: I rilru hahna emaw, inthlak danglamna emaw i neih apiang a zawt thin.
• Taksa enfiahna: I testicles te uluk takin enfiah a ni ang. Lump, swelling, a na em tih an enfiah ang. I kawr, i kawrfual emaw, i kawrfual (groin)-a lymph node a hring em tih pawh an enfiah thei bawk.

Doctor chuan testicular cancer a rinhlelh chuan a hriat chian nan specialized test dang neih belh a rawt ang.

Heng test bikte hi engte nge ni?

Seminoma i vei em tih chiang taka hriat duh chuan i doctor chuan heng test zinga pakhat emaw a aia tam emaw a order thei ang:

• Testicular ultrasound: Hei hi test lian ber hmasa ber a ni. Hei hi painless test a ni a, sound wave hmangin testicles chhungril tak tak real-time image siam a ni. Lump a awm leh awm loh a hre thei a, solid nge fluid-filled a ni tih a hre thei bawk.
• Imaging test dangte chu:CT scan (Computed Tomography scan), chest X-ray emaw, a tlem berah chuan MRI (Magnetic Resonance Imaging) test emaw hmangin cancer hi testicles atanga taksa peng dangah a darh tawh em tih hriat theih a ni.
• Serum tumor marker test: Hei hi thisen test a ni. Cancer cell thenkhat, a nih loh leh cancer chhanna atana cell hrisel tak takte chuan thisenah thil bik (tumor markers) an chhuah tir thin. He test hian thisenah heng tumor marker te hi a awm leh awm loh a enfiah thin. Seminomas-ah chuan alpha-fetoprotein (AFP), beta-human chorionic gonadotropin (beta-HCG), leh lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) te level chu a bik takin an teh thin. Testicular cancer chi hrang hrang hian tumor marker chi hrang hrang leh a zat hrang hrang a siam chhuak thin. Mahse, thisenah tumor marker level pangngai a awm chuan cancer a awm lo tihna a ni hauh lo. Seminoma thenkhat (a bik takin classic seminomas) hian AFP an siam lo.
• Orchiectomy: Hei hi a takah chuan surgery tih a ni. Surgeon chuan i testicle natna zawng zawng chu a la chhuak ang a, pathologist hnenah a thawn ang a, cancer cell awm leh awm loh a enfiah ang a, eng cancer chi nge a nih tih a hre ang. Orchiectomy hi seminoma hriat theihna atan hman a ni a, enkawlna ber a ni bawk.

Seminoma a awm tih a hriat hnuah doctor chuan cancer stage (cancer staging) a hril ang. Hei hian tumor hi engzat nge a lian tih te, testicle pawnah emaw, lymph node-ah emaw, taksa peng hla tak takah emaw a darh tawh emaw pawh a huam tel a ni. He stage hian enkawl dan tur a hril a ni.

Seminoma hi eng stage nge ni?

Doctor-te chuan testicular cancer, seminomas leh non-seminomas-te chu stage 0 atanga 3-ah an ṭhen a, (Cancer chi dang ang bawkin stage 4 a awm lo.) A awlsam zawngin sawi ila, stage number a hniam poh leh cancer chu localized a ni a, a darh theihna a tlem zawk. Stage 1 atanga 3 thleng hian sub-stage (A, B, C, or S) a nei bawk a, chu chuan cancer awmzia chipchiar zawka hriatthiamna a pe che a ni.

Hei bakah hian Doctor ten `TNM` system an hmang bawk. Hrechiang duh tan:

• T (Tumor): Tumor lian tham leh testicle chhunga awm emaw, a chhehvel tissue-a darh tawh emaw.
• N (Node): Cancer hian pum hnung lama lymph node-ah a darh tawh em tih leh eng chen nge a darh tawh tih.
• M (Metastasis): Cancer hi lymph node piah lama taksa peng hrang hrang (e.g. lung, thin, thluak, ruh)-ah a darh tawh em tih.
• S (Serum tumor markers): Thisen test-ah hian `tumor markers` (`AFP`, `beta-HCG`, `LDH`) awm zat a lang.

He thu hi a buaithlak deuh thei a, hlauhawm pawh a ni thei. Mahse, i doctor-te’n dik taka an hriat chian theih nan leh i tana enkawlna tha ber tur an ruahman theih nan thu pawimawh tak a ni.Hengte hi i hrethiam lo a nih chuan i doctor zawh nawn hlau suh.

Seminoma hi engtin nge enkawl a nih?

Seminoma enkawl dan hi thil tam takah a innghat a, chung zingah chuan cancer chi (seminoma emaw non-seminoma emaw), stage leh i hriselna zawng zawng te pawh a tel.

Seminoma stage zawng zawng deuhthaw enkawlna hmasa ber chu radical inguinal orchiectomy a ni . Hei hi surgical procedure a ni. Hetiang procedure-ah hian surgeon chuan i groin-ah incision te tak te a siam a, i testicle natna leh spermatic cord chu a paih vek a ni. Spermatic cord hi sexles atanga penis thlenga sperm phurtu tube chauh a ni lo va, a chhungah hian thisen kalna kawng, nerve leh lymph vessel te, testicles-a thisen pe chhuaktu te pawh a awm a ni. Surgeon hian heng thisen kalna leh lymph vessel te hi a seal off a, chu chuan cancer cell te chu taksa hmun dangah a darh loh nan a titawp a ni.

Orchiectomy hnua enkawlna dangte chu i cancer stage leh tumor lakchhuah tawh enfiahna result-ah a innghat a ni. A hnuaia mi pakhat emaw, a aia tam emaw pawh a tel thei:

• Active surveillance / Watchful waiting: Early stage (Stage I) seminoma tan chuan orchiectomy hnuah enkawlna dang pek a ni lo va, regular medical test (taksa enfiahna, thisen test, leh CT scan ang chi) neih a ni a, a lo lang leh emaw, a darh leh emaw uluk taka enfiah a ni. A tam zawkah chuan hetih lai hian cancer hi a dam vek a ni.
• Chemotherapy: Hei hian taksain cancer cell tihhlumna tur damdawi bik pek a huam a ni. Hengte hi pill angin ei theih a ni a, thisenah pawh pek theih a ni. Cancer hi lymph node emaw, taksa peng hla tak takah emaw a darh tawh a nih chuan orchiectomy hnuah chemotherapy pek theih a ni.
• Radiation therapy: Hei hian chakna sang tak nei X-ray hmangin cancer cell te chu a tichhia a ni. Seminoma cells te hi radiation lakah an sensitive hle a. Tun hma chuan stage II seminoma avanga orchiectomy an tih hnuah pum hnung lama lymph node-te chu radiation therapy an pe fo thin. Mahse, tunah chuan chemotherapy hi a side effect a tlem avangin duh zawk a ni. Mahse, a then phei chuan radiation therapy hi hman a la ni tho.

Seminoma ka neih chuan eng nge ka beisei ang? (Recovery leh hmalam hun tur) .

Hei hi chanchin pawimawh leh thlamuanthlak ber a ni. Seminoma chungchangah chuan result tha tak tak beisei theih a ni. Hei hi natna, a tlangpuiin tihdam theih tak a ni:

• A pum puiin kum 5 chhunga damchhuah zat hi 95% aia tam a ni.
• A hmaa hmuhchhuah a nih a, cancer hi testicle pawn lama a darh loh chuan (Stage I) dam theihna chance chu 99% vel a ni.
• A bul hnaia lymph node (Stage II)-ah a darh tawh a nih pawhin dam theihna chance 96% a awm.
• Taksa hmun hla tak tak a nghawng a nih pawhin (Stage III) damchhuah zat chu 70% aia tam a ni.

Chuvangin i hmu thei a, i hriat hma poh leh i dam theihna chance a sang zawk.

Seminoma enkawl hnuah i doctor chuan hun rei tak chhung enkawlna tur ruahmanna a pe ang che. I dam chhungin cancer hi a lo lang leh em tih enfiah nan checkup i neih fo a ngai dawn a ni . Heng checkup-te hi a hnuaia mi ang hian a ni thei:

• Taksa enfiahna (contralateral testicle) a ni.
• Thisen test-ah `tumor marker` awm leh awm loh enfiah fo thin ang che.
• A chang chuan chest X-ray emaw CT scan emaw pawh a pawi lo.

Seminoma vanga thih theihna chance chu engzat nge ni?

Kan sawi tawh ang khan seminoma hi a tlangpuiin tihdam theih a ni. Mahse, cancer dang ang bawkin a thihpui theihna chance tlemte chauh a awm. American Cancer Society chhinchhiah danin, testicular cancer vei mi 5,000 zinga pakhat vel chu an thi dawn a ni. Chumi awmzia chu thihna rate a hniam hle tihna a ni.

Seminoma hi ven theih a ni em?

Dik tak chuan testicular cancer tam zawk, seminoma pawh tiamin, ven theih dan finfiah a awm lo a, a chhan chu an lo awm chhan chiang takin kan la hre lo.

Mahse, i veng thei lo a nih pawhin, early detection hian danglamna nasa tak a thlen thei a ni. Chutianga tih theih dan tha ber chu thla khatah vawi khat tal nangmah ngeiin i testicles i enfiah thin (testicular self-exams - TSE) . Hetiang tih dan tur hi i doctor hnenah i zawt thei ang. Shower lak ang maia awlsam a ni. Tichuan, an hmel emaw, an hriatnaah emaw, an lumps, an hring emaw, an natna emaw-ah danglamna a awm em tih chu nangmah ngeiin i hmu thei ang. If you notice a lump or change in size , hlauthawng suh la, doctor hmu nghal rawh.

Tin, a tlangpuiin cancer i vei theihna tur tihtlem nan heng thilte hi tih a tha hle bawk:

• Meizial zu leh vaping kha bansan vek rawh.
• Ni khatah minute 20-30 tal chak takin exercise la.
• I ei leh inah thei thar, thlai thar, legumes leh whole grains tam tak telh la.
• Zu i in chuan khap tlat ang che.
• I san zawng nena inmil taksa rihna hrisel tak vawng reng ang che.

Engtin nge ka in enkawl ang? (Rilru lam hriselna) .

Seminoma hian damna rate tha tak nei mahse, tu pawhin "cancer" tih thumal an hriat hian hlauhna leh lungkhamna an neih hi thil pangngai a ni. Testicular cancer i vei tih i hriat chuan rilru natna chi hrang hrang – thinrimna, lungngaihna, hlauhna, lungngaihna, tanpui theih lohna i nei thei. Eng thil pawh i hriat chu thil pangngai a ni a, chuvangin chu rilru put hmang chu luang chhuak rawh se.

Ni engemaw zat chu inrintawkna leh chakna nasa tak i nei ang. Ni dangah chuan engkim i chau tawh ang maiin i inhria ang. I rilru put hmang hrethiam tur leh hmachhawn turin hun i neih a pawimawh hle. Heng tips te hian a pui ang che:

• Chawlh hahdam: I chau nia i hriat chuan i taksa leh rilru hahchawlhna tha tak pe rawh.
• Stress Management: I stress control dan tur, i tana tha tur zawng rawh. Exercise te, yoga te, meditation te, hobby i duhzawng tih te, art therapy te hian a pui thei a ni.
• Hriat tur: I dinhmun leh i enkawl dan tur hriat chian tak ni rawh. Hei hian ṭul lova hlauhna a tihziaawm thei a ni.
• Support groups: Cancer damchhuahna programme te en rawh. Tin, testicular cancer vei te tan pawh support group zawng rawh. Nangmah ang bawka thil tawn tawhte nena inbiakna chu chakna nasa tak a ni thei.
• Hmangaihte hnên aṭanga ṭanpuina: I chhûngte, i ṭhian hnai tak takte, leh i rintlakte hnên aṭangin ṭanpuina zawng rawh. I rilru put hmang chu an hnenah hrilh rawh.
• Professional Counselling: A tul chuan counselor emaw psychologist emaw tanpuina zawng hreh suh.

Engtikah nge Doctor ka hmuh ang?

Hei hi a chiang hle mai. I testicles ah chuan:

• A lump a ni
• Vung
• Size danglamna
• A pianzia a inthlak danglam
• Natna danglam tak emaw, a rit emaw
• Thil dang i tan chuan thil mak nia i hriat.

Hetiang thil i hmuh chuan tihkhawtlai suh la, Doctor hmuh pawh hlau suh. Tichuan eng nge a nih tih an hmuchhuak thei a, a tul chuan test leh enkawlna dang neih belh an rawt thei bawk. Hriat hmasak a nih poh leh a enkawlna chu a hlawhtling zawk thin.

Seminoma enkawl i nih chuan i hriselna zawng zawng enfiah tur leh cancer lo lang leh leh awm leh awm loh enfiah turin doctor-in a tih angin checkup neih fo thin ang che. Anmahni hi lo ngai suh.

Seminoma nge non-seminoma hi a hlauhawm zawk em?

Germ cell tumor testicles-a lo awm hi chi hnih ah then a ni a, chungte chu seminomas leh non-seminomas te an ni. Seminomas hian a tlangpuiin non-seminomas aiin enkawlna (a bik takin radiation therapy) a dawng tha zawk. Non-seminomas hi cell chi khat aia tam atanga siam a ni thei a, seminomas aiin an thang lianin an darh chak zawk thin. Mahse, tunah chuan chi hnih hian enkawlna tha tak tak an nei tawh a ni.

I hriat reng tur pawimawh ber berte (Take-Home Message) .

Seminoma hi enkawl a nih chuan result tha tak a nei tih hre reng ang che. A tam zawkah chuan tihdam theih a ni. Mahse, cancer vei nia hriat a nih hi nun tidanglamtu leh lungkhamthlak tak a ni.

Mahni in enkawl a pawimawh hle.– Taksa hriselna chauh ni lovin, rilru leh rilru hriselna pawh a ni. I thil tawn hrethiam support group zawng la, i hmangaih tak takte hnen atangin tanpuina la rawh. Zawhna i neih chuan chelh suh, Doctor zawt rawh. I zawhna zawng zawng a chhang thei a, i tan solution tha ber berte a rawn rawt thei bawk.

I theihnghilh suh, nangmah chauh i ni lo. Hetiang dinhmun i hmachhawn hian tanpuina dil leh thu hriat duh hi i chakna a ni. I taksa enkawl fo la, thla tin testicular self-exam la, inthlak danglamna i hmuh chuan doctor thurawn la nghal rawh. I nunna chhanhimna hun tha tak a pe thei che a ni.

` Seminoma, testicular cancer, mipa hriselna, cancer symptoms, cancer enkawlna, orchiectomy, testicular self-exam