I damlo reng em? Heng natna hrik, min ti natu te hi i zir ve teh ang!

Khawsik emaw, pum na emaw chauh pawh nise, "Hriselna engemaw zat a awm ngei ang," kan ti fo thin. Heng ‘germ’ te hi eng tak nge ni? A awlsam zawngin kan taksaa lut a, natna thlentu microorganism eng pawh hi pathogen an ti a, English-ah chuan `pathogen' an ti bawk. Kan hmu thei lo nain kan chhehvel zawng zawngah an tam hle. Chuvangin, vawiin hian heng natna hrik te hi kan sawi dawn a, an hnathawh dan te , an atanga hrisel taka awm theih dan te kan sawi dawn a ni.

Heng natna hrik te hi tute nge ni?

Pathogens kan ngaihtuah hian mi tam zawk chuan virus leh bacteria an ngaihtuah thin. Mahse a takah chuan natna hrik chi hrang hrang a tam hle. Kan khawvel hi heng microorganisms te hian a khat a ni. Scientist-te chuan universe pumpuiah arsi awm aiin khawvelah hian virus a tam zawk niin an sawi. Mahse, lungngai suh, heng microorganism tlemte chauh hian kan hriselna a tichhe a ni . Thenkhat phei chuan min pui bawk.

Hengte hi natna min thlentu natna hrik chi hrang hrang an ni.

Engtin nge heng natna hrik te hian min tiharh?

Heng natna hrik te hi kan taksaa an luh dan leh an hnathawh danah hian danglamna fiah lo tak tak a awm a. Kawng lian pahnih han thlir ila.

1. Facultative pathogens: Ngaihtuah teh, heng mi chi hrang hrangte hi i taksa chhungah an nung thei a, an lo piang chhuak thei bawk a, chubakah pawn lam boruakah pawh an cheng thei a, kawngkhar bulah te, dawhkan chungah te, etc. Chuvangin pumpelh a harsa deuh.

2. Obligate pathogens: Hengte hian an kai theih nan nangmah ang cell nung nei host an nei tur a ni. An dam khawchhuak thei lo va, boruakah an inkai thei lo. Virus zawng zawng hi he group-ah hian an tel vek a ni.

Tin, natna hrik thenkhat chuan host pakhat atanga host dang a kal theih nan intermediary an mamawh bawk. Entirnan, dengue virus hi rulhut hmangin kan taksaah a lut a. Hetah hian rulhut hi a inkar a ni.

Chu chu natna hrik taksaa a luh chuan kan cell te a tichhia a, toxin a siam chhuak tihna a ni. A chang chuan kan taksa hriselna (immune system) hian he natna hrik hi do turin a kal a, kan cell hrisel tak takte pawh a tichhe thin.

Engtin nge natna hrik hi an kai darh?

Hei hi kan hriat vek a ni a, mahse ngaihtuah vak suh. Pathogens hi kan nitin nunphung hmangin kan darh chhuak thin.

• Kut hmangin: I hnim emaw, i khuh emaw hian i kut chu i hmuiah i dah a. Tichuan chu kut ngei chuan kawngkhar chu i hawng a, bus-a wire pakhat i khawih emaw, midang kut i vawm emaw a ni. Tichuan i kuta natna hrik awmte chu awlsam takin hmun dangah leh midang hnenah pawh a kal thei tawh ang.
• Chaw hmangin: Kut bawlhhlawh hmanga chaw i buatsaih emaw, i ei emaw hian natna hrik i taksaah a lut thei a ni. Tin, thlai leh thei raw silfai loh i ei chuan emaw, sa leh sangha tui lo i ei chuan natna hrik i taksaah a lut thei bawk.
• Rannung kaltlangin: Ran vulh i khawih hnua i kut i silfai loh chuan parasite leh bacteria kan hnenah i pe chhuak thei a ni. Ran, rat leh cockroach te pawhin natna tam tak an thehdarh bawk.
• Tui kaltlangin:Tui bawlhhlawh, tihthianghlim loh in hian cholera leh typhoid ang chi natna a kai thei a, chubakah ril\am natna khirh tak tak, giardiasis leh cryptosporidium ang chi natna hrik a kai thei bawk.

Case ngaihven bik ngai te

In hlui emaw, warehouse emaw, hun engemaw chen khar tawh "wee-bin" ang chi hmun emaw i tifai dawn tih han ngaihtuah teh. Chutiang hmunah chuan rulhut an awm thei. An ruang leh zun chu leivut nen a inpawlh thei a ni. He leivut hi inhnim hian hantavirus ang chi virus hlauhawm tak a kai thei a ni . Chuvangin , chutiang hmuna kan luh hmain kawngkhar leh tukverh te chu minute 30 tal hawn tha takin boruak a awm theih nan a pawimawh hle .

Chuti a nih chuan engtin nge heng mite lakah hian i inven theih ang?

Hei hi a pawimawh ber a ni. Pathogens laka kan invenna tur thil awlsam tak tak, mahse a hlawkthlak tak tak kan tih theih thenkhat a awm.

• Kut sil fo rawh: Hei hi thil hmasa ber leh pawimawh ber a ni . Chaw i buatsaih hmain second 20 tal sahbawn leh tuiin uluk takin kut sil hmasa phawt ang che.
• Hand sanitizer hmang rawh: Savun leh tui a awm loh chuan hand sanitizer zu 60% tal awmna i hmang thei ang . Zu in tlem zawkte chuan natna hrik pawh an that lo mai thei.
• Ei leh in himna: Thlai leh thei chi hrang hrangte uluk takin silfai tur a ni. Sa, sangha leh artui te chu uluk takin chhum rawh. Chaw chhum leh chaw hmin chu a hranin dah tur a ni.
• Tui thianghlim in rawh: Tui lum emaw, tui thianghlim emaw in fo ang che. A bik takin kea kal emaw, ramngaw chhunga tui i in chuan tui in hmain sanitize hmasa phawt ang che.
• Khuh emaw, thawk hah emaw: I hmui leh hnar chu i elbow emaw tissue emaw hmangin khuh rawh. Tissue i hman chuan bawlhhlawh bawmah paih nghal rawh.
• I damloh chuan: A theih ang angin in lamah awm rawh. Chu chuan i natna chu midangte hnena i darh loh nan a pui ang.

Microbes zawng zawng hi a chhe vek em? Ni lo, min puitu thenkhat an awm!

Microbe hlauh a ngai lo. Natna a thlen phawt chuan ‘pathogen’ kan ti mai thin. Min puitu, harsatna nei lo microbial ṭhian tam tak an awm.

• Bacteria tha: I gut-ah hian bacteria \angkai tak tak trillion tam tak a awm a. Kan ei leh in kan ei zo turin min pui a, vitamin engemaw zat siamin, bacteria tha lo lakah min venghim bawk. Heng bacteria tha tak takte hi skim milk leh yogurt ang chi thilah te a awm a.
• Fungi \angkai tak tak: Yeast hi chhang siamna atana hman tur fungus a ni. Mushroom kan ei pawh hi fungi a ni. Tin, khawvel tidanglamtu antibiotic penicillin pawh a awm bawkFungus `Penicillium notatum` atanga siam a ni.
• Helper virus: Hei hi a mak deuhin a ri thei. Tunah hian scientist-te chuan natna thenkhat enkawl nan virus an hmang mek a ni. Gene therapy an ti a ni. An thil tih chu hripui natna thlentu lam chu paih chhuakin, natna tihdamna atana mamawh genetic information (DNA) tha tak hmangin an thlak a ni. Tichuan virus chu kan cell-ah a lut a, chu gene tha tak chu kan cell-ah a thlen ta a ni. Damdawi phur delivery service ang mai a ni. Hei hi cancer leh heart disease ang chi natna enkawl nan research-ah an hmang mek a ni.

Chuvangin, natna hrik hi kan nunah a tel ve a ni. Anmahni i hriat chian a, hriselna lama tih dan tha i zawm chuan hrisel taka awm a, pumpelh chu chutiang chuan a harsa lo. Infection i vei fo emaw, symptoms i neih emaw chuan i doctor rawn hmasa phawt ang che .