Kei te waranga anō hoki koe? Me kōrero tātou mō te waranga ki Nirogi Lanka!

Kua whakaaro koe i mua, "Kāore e taea e au te wete i tēnei"? He whanonga kino pea, he mea hohonu ake rānei - he waranga. I tēnei rā, me kōrero tātou mō te āhua o tēnei, te take e puta ai, me pēhea e taea ai e koe te hoki ki te oranga hauora. Ahakoa he kaupapa uaua tēnei, ka wehewehea e tātou mā Nirogi Lanka.

He aha te Waranga?

I te whakarapopototanga, ko te waranga he piriponotanga hohonu ki tētahi matū, ki tētahi mahi rānei, ā, ka mau tonu te kore e taea te whakahaere, ahakoa e mōhio ana koe ki ngā hua kino. He mate mau tonu tēnei, mō te wā roa . Tērā pea ka kitea e koe kei te mōhio koe he kino tāu mahi ki a koe, ki ō whanaunga rānei, engari kāore e taea e koe te aukati.

Ka pā kino te waranga ki tō hauora, ki ō whanaungatanga, ki tō mahi, me ngā āhuatanga katoa o tō koiora. Koia te mea nui kia rapu awhina ngaio i te wā tonu ka kite koe i ngā tohu.

He mate rānei?

Ae, he āhuatanga hauora te waranga - he mate . E ai ki te American Society of Addiction Medicine (ASAM), he mate roro mau tonu te waranga. Ehara i te tohu ngoikore, i te whakatau koretake rānei. Ka whakarerekē te waranga i te matū o tō roro . I tēnei tikanga, he rite ki ētahi atu āhuatanga hauora mau tonu pērā i te mate huka, te mate ngakau rānei.

He aha ngā momo matua o te waranga?

E rua ngā momo o te waranga:

1. Te Waranga ki ngā Matū (E kiia ana e ngā tākuta he Mate Whakamahi Matū e te Hauora).

2. Ngā Waranga Whanoke (Ngā waranga ki ngā mahi motuhake, kaua ki ngā matū).

Ngā Waranga Matū

E whakarōpūtia ana ēnei e ngā tohunga hauora hei Mate Whakamahinga Matū. E whakarato ana te American Psychiatric Association's Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5) i ngā paearu mārama hei tautuhi i ēnei āhuatanga.

Ka taea e ēnei matū te whakauru atu ki ngā rongoā kua tohua ki ngā raau taero ture kore. Me titiro tātou ki ētahi tauira:

• Waipiro .
• Kawheine – Ae, he tokomaha te hunga ka whakawhirinaki ki te kawheine kei roto i te kawhe me te tī.
• Tarukino/Marihuana.
• Ngā mea whakarihariha – pērā i te PCP me te LSD.
• Ngā rongoā mō te moe, ngā rongoā whakangāwari, me ngā rongoā manukanuka – Ko ngā rongoā pēnei i ngā pire moe, ngā benzodiazepine, me ngā barbiturates e whakamahia ana hei whakahaere i te kore moe me te manukanuka.
• Ngā mea manawa – Pērā i ngā mea whakangawari peita, ngā mea hauhautanga, ētahi hau, me ngā nitrites (poppers).
• Ngā opioid – Ahakoa he rongoā kua tohua, he ture kore rānei, kei roto i tēnei ko ngā rongoā whakamamae mamae pēnei i te codeine, te Oxycodone , me te heroin.
• Ngā mea whakaohooho – Tae atu ki te Adderall ®, te kōkaine, me te methamphetamine .
• Tupeka/Nikotinī – Ngā hikareti, ngā hikareti hiko, te vaping rānei.

Ahakoa he rerekē rawa ēnei matū, ka tino whakaohooho katoa i te pokapū utu o tō roro, ka puta he ahua harikoa, he harikoa rānei. Mā te whakamahi i ēnei matū ka arahi pea ki ngā Mate Pānga Matū - ahakoa kāore te hunga katoa e whakamahi ana ka pāngia e te waranga. Ka rerekē ēnei āhuatanga mai i te ngawari ki te kino. Ko te waranga te momo tino kino o te Mate Pānga Matū.

Ngā Waranga Whanoke

Ko ngā mahi katoa e whakaoho ana i te pokapū utu o tō roro, ka taea te huri hei waranga whanonga. Kei te rangahau tonu ngā kairangahau i ngā āhuatanga ōrite me ngā rerekētanga i waenga i te waranga matū, te waranga whanonga, me ētahi atu āhuatanga whakahauhau (pēnei i te Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder, te Bulimia Nervosa rānei).

I tēnei wā, ko te Mate Petipeti anake te waranga whanonga kua whakamanahia i roto i te DSM-5 i raro i te wāhanga "mate kāore e pā ana ki ngā matū".

Kāore anō kia tino whakarōpūtia ngā whanonga kē atu ki roto i te DSM-5 nā te mea kei te haere tonu ngā rangahau. Heoi, ki te tīmata tētahi mahi, tētahi tikanga rānei ki te whakapau i tō oranga tae noa ki te wāhi ka wareware koe ki ētahi atu kawenga, ki te whakararuraru rānei i tō mahinga o ia rā, ā, ka puta he raruraru hinengaro, pāpori, tinana, tae noa ki te pūtea, he take tēnei hei āwangawanga.

Ko ngā tauira o ngā whanonga ka taea te whakararuraru ko:

• Te petipeti .
• Te kai (Te kai ātete, te kore rānei e taea te whakahaere i te kai e kainga ana).
• Te whakakorikori tinana, te kai iti rānei (Ina eke ki ngā taumata tino kino).
• Te hokohoko ā-whakahe.
• Te tahae i ngā toa hokohoko, ētahi atu whanonga morearea rānei.
• Te whanonga moepuku ātete.
• Te mātakitaki i ngā pikitia pono.
• Te petipeti ataata – E mōhiotia ana ko te Mate Petipeti Ipurangi.
• Te whakamahi i te Ipurangi (hei tauira, te whakamahi nui i te waea pūkoro, i te rorohiko rānei) – Ina koa mō ngā pāpāho pāpori.

He aha te waranga e tino kitea ana?

I te Hononga o Amerika, ko te Mate Whakamahi Waipiro te mea tino kitea, ā, whai muri ko te nikotīni me te tarukino. Tata ki te 10% o te hunga neke atu i te 12 tau te pakeke e raru ana i te mate e pā ana ki te waipiro. He rite tonu tēnei āhuatanga ki Sri Lanka, he nui ngā āwangawanga hauora tūmatanui mō ngā take e pā ana ki te waipiro me te tupeka.

He aha ngā tohu o te waranga?

He rerekē ngā tohu o te waranga i runga i te tangata me te matū, te whanonga rānei e pā ana. Anei ētahi tohu noa:

• Te kore e taea te whakamutu: Ahakoa te hiahia nui ki te whakamutu i te whakamahi i tētahi matū, ki te whakamutu rānei i tētahi whanonga kino, kāore e taea. Tērā pea kua ngana koe ki te whakaiti i te whakamahinga o tētahi matū, engari kāore i angitu, ā, he maha ngā wā ka hiahia koe ki te huna i ēnei mahi, ki te teka rānei ki ō whanaunga. Whakaarohia tētahi kaipaipa e kī ana ki a ia anō i ia rā, "Koinei taku hikareti whakamutunga," ā, ka kitea anō e ia kei te mura anō.
• Te manawanui nui ake: I roto i te wā, ka kite pea koe me whakamahi koe i te nui ake o te waipiro, me whai rānei koe i taua whanonga mō ngā wā roa, kia whiwhi ai koe i te hua ōrite. Hei tauira, ko te tangata i tīmata mā te inu waipiro iti, tera pea ka kite ia me nui ake te waipiro i roto i te wā kia rongo ai i te hua ōrite.
• Te arotahi nui ki te matū, ki te mahi rānei: Mena kei te raru koe i te waranga, tera pea ka kitea koe e aro nui ana ki te matū, ki te whanonga rānei, me te mea kua riro i a ia te mana whakahaere o tō oranga. Tērā pea ka pau te nuinga o tō rā ki te whakaaro mōna, ki te rapu, ki te whakamahere rānei i tō whai wāhitanga e whai ake nei ki te whai wāhi atu ki roto.
• Te kore mana whakahaere: Tērā pea ka tino ngoikore koe, me te mea kāore he mana ōu ki te whakamahi i te matū, i te whanonga rānei e whakamahia ana e koe. He maha ngā wā ka arahi tēnei ki ngā kare ā-roto hōhonu o te hara, te pouri, me te taumaha rawa o ngā pānga o tō waranga ki tō oranga.
• Ngā raruraru whaiaro me ngā take hauora: Ka pāngia e te waranga ngā āhuatanga katoa o tō oranga—tō hauora tinana, tō oranga hinengaro, ō whanaungatanga whaiaro, me tō umanga. Tērā pea ka uaua ki a koe te whakatutuki i ō kawenga i te mahi, i te kura, i te kāinga rānei nā tō whakamahinga matū, nā tō whanonga rānei. Hei kī anō, ahakoa e mōhio ana koe ki te kino e pā mai ana i tō waranga, tērā pea ka kitea e koe kāore e taea te mutu.
• Te Whakamutu: Ina ngana koe ki te whakamutu i te whakamahi i te matū, ki te whai wāhi atu rānei ki te whanonga, ka pāngia pea koe e te mamae hinengaro me te mamae tinana e mōhiotia ana ko ngā tohu whakamutu . I roto i te tinana, ka uru atu pea ki tēnei te wiri, te werawera, te whakapairuaki rānei. Tērā pea ka pāngia koe e te mamae hinengaro nui, pērā i te manukanuka, te riri rānei.

He aha i whakawhanakehia ai e te tangata ngā waranga?

Kāore he take kotahi mō te waranga - he āhuatanga uaua . Ko tētahi o ngā take matua o te whanaketanga o te waranga ko te whakarerekētanga o ngā tukanga matū o tō roro.

Ngā Huringa o te Matū o te Roro

He nui te pānga o ngā raau taero me ētahi whanonga ki tō roro, inā koa ko te pokapū utu o tō roro .

Hei tangata, kua whakaritea tātou ki te rapu i te ahuareka me te makona. Ko te nuinga o tēnei utu ka puta mai i ngā mahi hauora. Ina noho tahi koe me tētahi e arohaina ana, ina kai rānei koe i tētahi kai hauora, ka tukuna e tō tinana tētahi matū e kiia nei ko te dopamine . Koinei te mea e pai ai tō wairua. Ka hangaia he huringa: ka rapu koe i aua wheako pai nā te mea ka hari koe.

Ka puta anō hoki i ngā raau taero me ētahi whanonga (pēnei i te petipeti, te whakapau moni mōrearea rānei) te tukunga ohorere o te dopamine ki roto i tō roro. Heoi, i te kore e akiaki i a koe ki ngā tikanga e ora ai, ka pā kino pea ēnei taumata nui o te dopamine ki ō whakaaro, ki ō kare ā-roto, me ō whanonga.

Nō reira, ka akiakihia pea koe ki te rapu i taua matū, i taua whanonga rānei, ā, ka heke haere tō hiahia ki ngā mahi hauora, whai hua.

I roto i te wā, ka huri nui ēnei matū, ēnei mahi rānei i te matū o tō roro. Ka ngoikore tō aro ki ēnei matū. Nō reira, me nui ake te matū, te mahi rānei e hiahiatia ana e koe kia rite ai te taumata o te harikoa i pā ki a koe i mua.

Mō ētahi matū, pērā i ngā opioids , he tino kino ngā tohumate o te tangohanga, ā, ka puta he akiaki kaha ki te whakamahi tonu hei karo i te mamae tinana me te mamae hinengaro.

Ētahi atu Take Whai Wāhi

Ka pāngia te waranga e ētahi atu āhuatanga:

• Ira: E ai ki ngā rangahau, e 40% ki te 60% o te mōrearea o tētahi Mate Whakamahinga Matū ka ahu mai i te ira tuku iho. Mena kua raru tētahi mema o te whānau—pērā i tētahi tuākana, teina rānei, mātua rānei—ki tēnei, tera pea he nui ake tōu mate ira. Kei te mahi tonu ngā kaipūtaiao ki te tautuhi i ngā ira motuhake e uru ana ki tēnei mōrearea.
• Ngā āhuatanga hauora hinengaro: He hononga kaha kei waenganui i te waranga me ngā take hauora hinengaro, pērā i te pouri , te PTSD (Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder) , te mate bipolar rānei. Tata ki te haurua o te hunga e raru ana ki te āhuatanga hauora hinengaro ka pāngia hoki e te Mate Whakamahinga Matū , me te rerekē.
• Ngā āhuatanga taiao: Ko te ngāwari o te uru atu ki ngā matū he āhuatanga nui mōrearea taiao. Mena kei te noho koe me te hunga e whakamahi ana i ngā matū, ki te mea rānei kua tohua he rongoā ki a koe (pēnei i ngā opioid , i ngā whakaohooho rānei) ka taea te whakamahi hē, ka piki ake tō tuponotanga ki te pānga. He mahi nui anō hoki tā ngā Wheako Tamariki Kino (ACE) . Ko ngā ACE e pā ana ki ngā huihuinga ahotea, ngā huihuinga mamae rānei i pā ki a koe i te wā o te tamarikitanga, e hono kaha ana ki ngā take hauora maha puta noa i te roanga o te oranga, tae atu ki te whanaketanga o ngā waranga.

Me pēhea taku mōhio mēnā he waranga tōku? (Tauātanga)

Hei tautuhi i tētahi waranga, ka tukuna pea koe e tō tākuta ki tētahi tohunga hinengaro , ki tētahi tohunga hinengaro , ki tētahi kaiwhakatakoto whakaaro rānei mō ngā raau taero me te waipiro . Ka pātai atu tō kaiwhakarato hauora ki a koe (me tō whānau pea) ngā pātai mō ō tauira whakamahinga, mō ngā whanonga āwangawanga rānei.

Tērā pea ka whakahaerehia e tō tākuta he whakamātautau tinana, ā, ka tono kia whakamātauria he toto, he mimi rānei. Mā ēnei whakamātautau ka kitea ngā mōhiohio e pā ana ki tō hauora whānui, ā, ka āwhina hoki ki te whakatau mēnā he mate hauora kei roto e tika ana kia arohia.

He aha ngā maimoatanga e wātea ana mō te waranga?

I Nirogi Lanka, ka tūtohu pea tō tākuta i tētahi huinga o ngā tikanga maimoatanga. Kei roto i ēnei ko:

• Te Whakahaere Hōhipera:Ka kino pea ētahi tohumate tango ina mutu te whakamahi i ētahi matū. Ka whakaratohia e ngā wāhanga hōhipera motuhake te aroturuki haumanu me te maimoatanga hauora hei āwhina i a koe ki te whakahaere i ēnei tohumate me te haumaru me te whai hua.
• Ngā Rongoā: Ka taea e ētahi rongoā te āwhina i te whakaiti i te hiahia, te kaha o te hiahia, me ngā tohumate whakatārewatanga pumau. Mena kei te pāngia koe e tētahi atu mate hauora hinengaro (hei tauira, te Mate Pūrua, te Pouri), ka taea e tō tākuta te whakarato maimoatanga kua whakaritea mō ēnā mea.
• Whakaoraora (Whakaoraora): Kei roto i tēnei ko ngā whakaritenga "noho koretake" me te "maimoatanga noho." Ka tukuna e ngā pokapū whakaoraora ngā tohutohu whai hanganga, te mātauranga, te tautoko tonu, me te hihiri. Ka taea e koe te whiwhi tiaki i a koe e noho ana i tētahi whare (whakaoraora tūroro) mā te haere rānei ki ngā wā kua whakaritea i a koe e noho ana i te kāinga (whakaoraora tūroro o waho). Ko te arotahi matua o ngā ratonga whakaoraora ko te tautoko i a koe ki te whakahaere i tō waranga mō te wā roa me te hanga i tētahi oranga hauora, pumau hoki.
• Whakaora: He maha ngā huarahi whakaora hei āwhina i ngā tāngata takitahi ki te whiwhi tirohanga hou me te whakarerekē i ngā whanonga. Tērā pea ka tūtohu tō tākuta i te hinengaro hinengaro (whakaora kōrero), pērā i te Whakaora Whanoke Hinengaro (CBT) me te Whakaora Rōpū rānei, hei āwhina i a koe ki te whakatere i tō haerenga whakaora.
• Ngā Rōpū Tautoko: He tokomaha e angitu ana mā te whakamahi i ngā rōpū tautoko. Hei tauira, ko te Alcoholics Anonymous (AA) mō te hunga e raru ana ki te waipiro, ko te Narcotics Anonymous (NA) rānei mō ngā whakawhirinakitanga e pā ana ki ngā raau taero. Ko ngā rōpū pēnei i a Al-Anon e whakarato ana i te tautoko nui ki ngā whānau me ngā hoa o te hunga e pāngia ana e ngā mate whakamahi matū. Ka whakaratohia e ēnei hapori he wāhi haumaru hei whakawhitiwhiti wheako me te whiwhi whakatenatena tonu.

He aha te āhua o te ao i muri i te wikitoria i te waranga? (Tirohanga)

Mā te maimoatanga tika, he tokomaha te hunga e angitu ana ki te whakahaere i ā rātou waranga, ā, ka noho ora tonu. Heoi, ehara i te mea ngāwari te whakaora i te whakamahinga matū, i ngā waranga whanonga rānei. He mea nui te pūnaha tautoko e whai wāhi ana ki te angitu o tō maimoatanga.

Ki te kore he maimoatanga, ka taea e te waranga te arahi ki ngā raruraru hauora nui, tae atu ki te mate. Ka taea e ia te whakangaro i ngā whanaungatanga whaiaro, te arahi ki ngā raruraru pūtea, me te whakaputa take ture. Ka pā hoki te waranga ki ō whanaunga me ō hoa aroha, me ngā pānga ka mau tonu mō ngā whakatipuranga.

He huarahi hei ārai i te waranga?

He maha ngā mahi ka taea e koe te mahi hei whakaiti i tō tupono ki te whakawhanake i te waranga:

• Āraia, Whakawhāitihia rānei ngā Matū Whakawakawa: Ngāna kia kaua e whakamahi i ngā matū kāore i tohua māu. I te wā e whakamahi ana koe i ngā rongoā kua tohua, me whai tonu i ngā tohutohu a tō tākuta. Mēnā kei te whakaaro koe kei te whakawhirinaki koe ki tētahi rongoā kua tohua, whakamōhio atu ki tō tākuta tonu.
• Kia Mōhio ki tō Hītori Whānau: Mena he hītori whakamahi matū, he wāranga whanonga rānei tō tētahi o tō whānau, tera pea he nui ake tō tūponotanga. Kōrero ki tō tākuta mō ngā rautaki hei whakaiti i tō tūponotanga.
• Whakahaere Hauora i te Taumahatanga: Ka taea e ngā āhuatanga taumahatanga o te ao te whakanui ake i te mōrearea o te whakamahi matū. I ēnei wā, he mea nui kia whakamahia ngā tikanga hauora hei āwhina i a koe ki te whakatau i ngā raruraru (hei tauira, te whakakorikori tinana, te whakaaroaro, te tīmata rānei i tētahi mahi whakangahau hou). Mena he uaua ki a koe te whakahaere i te taumahatanga, whakaarohia te kōrero ki tētahi kaitohutohu hauora hinengaro .

Me pēhea te āwhina i tētahi tangata he waranga

He tino uaua, he tino taumaha hoki te kitenga kei te raru tō hoa aroha i te waranga. Anei ētahi huarahi hei tautoko i a rātou me te tiaki i a koe anō:

• Whakapā Mai i te Wā:Ko te wawe o te whiwhi maimoatanga o te tangata, ko te pai ake o te matapae. Whakaaturia ō āwangawanga, ā, āwhina i a rātou ki te kimi tautoko ngaio i te wā e taea ai. Whakaarohia te waea atu ki tētahi raina āwhina ohorere, te kōrero ki tētahi tākuta, ki tētahi kaitohutohu hauora hinengaro rānei, te whakauru atu ki tētahi kaupapa maimoatanga, te haere rānei ki tētahi hui 12-taahiraa. Tukua atu tō āwhina me tō tautoko me te kore whakahē.
• Whakaharatauhia te Aroha: Ahakoa kāore koe i te whakaae ki tāu e aroha nei, whakarongo pai ki a rātou. Ina mōhio tō hoa aroha e tino mārama ana ki a koe, ka nui ake te tūponotanga ka kite rātou i a koe hei hoa pono mō tā rātou whakaoranga.
• Kia Manawanui: Kaua e tumanako kia kotahi te kōrero, kotahi rānei te mahi hei "whakaora" i te waranga o tō hoa aroha. He uaua, he mau tonu ngā mate o te whakamahi matū me ngā waranga whanonga, ā, kāore he "whakaora tere".
• Tiakina Koe Anō: He maha ngā wā ka pāngia ngā hoa me ngā whānau o te hunga e pāngia ana e te waranga e te ahotea, te manukanuka, te pouri, me te mokemoke. He mea nui kia whakatairangahia tō ake hauora hinengaro; ki te mea kei te raru koe, rapua he āwhina māu anō hoki. Whakaarohia te whakauru atu ki tētahi rōpū tautoko mō ngā whānau o tō hapori.

Me toro atu koe ki te tākuta?

He mate hauora kino te waranga. Ki te whakaaro koe kei te raru koe, kei te raru rānei tētahi e arohaina ana e koe i te waranga, kōrero tonu ki te tākuta. Ka taea e ngā maimoatanga ngaio me ngā rōpū tautoko te whakarato i te āwhina e hiahiatia ana mō te whakaoranga.

He Tuhipoka Whakamutunga (Karere hei Tango ki te Kāinga)

Hei whakamutunga, kia maumahara ko te waranga he mate hauora, ehara i te tohu ngoikore, ehara rānei i te tohu o te āhua. Ka taea e te tangata te pā ki tēnei mate, pērā i te mate huka, te toto toto tiketike rānei. Ko te mea nui kia mōhio koe, ka taea te ora.

Ki te mea kei te mamae koe, kei te pāngia rānei tētahi e mōhio ana koe, kia mōhio koe kāore koe i te mokemoke. Kaua e wehi, kaua e whakama ki te tono āwhina. Kōrero ki tētahi tākuta, ki tētahi kaiwhakatakoto whakaaro, ki tētahi pakeke rānei e whakawhirinakihia ana. Mā te manaaki me te tautoko tika, kua mawhiti te miriona tāngata i te waranga ki te ora harikoa, ki te ora hauora. Tērā pea he uaua te haerenga, ā, tērā pea he arai i te ara, engari kaua e ngākau rua. Kei a koe te kaha ki te wikitoria i tēnei mea mā te āwhina a Nirogi Lanka.

Waranga, Whakaora, Whakamahinga Matū, Hauora Hinengaro, Tautoko Ngaio