Ina werawera koe, ina ngenge rawa, ina mamae rānei tō puku, kua rongo pea koe i ngā pakeke e kī ana, "Kua matewai koe, inumia he karaka." Tērā pea kei te ngenge noa koe, kei te ngoikore, kei te pōuri rānei. He maha o ēnei mea ka puta mai i te kore taurite o ngā irahiko i roto i ō tātou tinana. Nā, he aha ēnei irahiko? He aha te hiranga o ēnei mea ki ō tātou tinana? Me kōrero taipitopito tātou mō ēnei mea i tēnei rā.
Nā, he aha rawa ngā Irahikohiko?
He māmā noa iho, ko ngā irahiko he matū ka taea te whakaputa i tētahi utu hiko iti ina rewa ki te wai. Whakaarohia he rite ki tētahi pākahiko. He tote kohuke ēnei ka taea te tango i tētahi utu pai (+) kino rānei (-).
Titiro mai, e 60% te wai o te tinana o te pakeke. Ko te tikanga, kei roto i ia pūtau o tō tātou tinana, i ia wai, ēnei irahiko. Ki te kore ēnei, kāore e taea e tātou te mahi i ngā mea maha, pērā i te whakahaere i ngā tukanga matū i roto i tō tātou tinana, te whakataurite i te nui o te wai i roto, i waho hoki i ō tātou pūtau, te whakahaere i ō tātou uaua, me te tuku karere ki ngā io.
Ka whiwhi tātou i ēnei irahiko mai i ngā kai e kainga ana, e inuhia ana hoki e tātou. Hei tauira, he nui ngā irahiko kei roto i ngā karaka, i ngā panana, me te tote. Ko ā tātou whatukuhu te mahi tātari a te tinana. Mena he nui ake ngā irahiko o te tinana i te mea e hiahiatia ana, ka tukuna e ngā whatukuhu te toenga ki roto i te mimi. Ka ngaro hoki ngā irahiko mai i ō tātou tinana ina werawera tātou.
Ko te mea nui ko te whai i te taurite tika o ēnei irahiko i roto i te tinana. Mēnā he nui rawa, ka pā mai he raruraru, ā, mēnā he iti rawa, ka pā mai he raruraru.
Kia mārama tātou ki ētahi kupu e rangona pinepinetia ana e tātou.
Tērā pea ka tūtaki koe ki ēnei kupu ina kōrero koe ki tētahi tākuta, ina pānui rānei i tētahi pūrongo. He mea tino nui kia mōhio koe ki tōna tikanga māmā.
| Kupu | Te tikanga māmā |
|---|---|
| Hirahi- (hirahi) | Ka whakamahia tēnei kupu hei kī he "rahi rawa" tetahi mea. Hei tauira: Hypernatremia (te nui haere o te konutai). |
| Hipo- (hipo) | Ka whakamahia tēnei kupu hei whakaahua i te "korenga" o tētahi mea. Hei tauira: Hypokalemia (iti te pāhare pāporo). |
| Āniora | He ngota ngota he utu hiko tōna. |
| Uara pH | He ine mō te waikawa, te kawakore/pūtake rānei o tētahi wai. Ko te pH noa o ō tātou toto me noho i waenga i te 7.36 me te 7.44. |
Ngā irahiko matua o te tinana me ā rātou mahi
He maha ngā momo irahiko i roto i tō tātou tinana. He mahi motuhake tā ia momo. Me titiro tātou ki ngā mea matua, he aha ka puta mēnā ka piki ake, me te aha ka puta mēnā ka heke iho, i roto i tēnei ripanga.
| Te irahiko | Ngā tohu ka puta mēnā ka piki ake (Hyper-) | Ngā tohu o te ngoikore (Hypo-) |
|---|---|---|
| Konutai (Konutai / Na+) - He mea nui mō te taurite wai i roto i ngā pūtau me te mimiti matūkai. | ||
| Te nui rawa o te natremia | Pōhēhē, huringa whanonga, ngaronga o te whakahaere uaua, haurangi, koma. | Pōraruraru, riri, whakapairuaki me te ruaki, haurangi, koma. |
| Pāhare pākawa (Pāhare pākawa / K+) - He mea tino nui mō te mahi a te ngākau me te pūnaha io. | ||
| Te Hiperkalemia | Te kore ora, te kore e taea te neke i ngā uaua, me te koretake o te manawa o te ngakau (arrhythmias). | Te mamae me te ngoikore o ngā uaua, te matewai nui me te mimi pinepine, te hemo o te ngākau, me te koretake o te manawa. |
| Konupūmā (Konupūmā / Ca2+) - He mea nui ehara i te mea mō ngā wheua me ngā niho anake, engari mō ngā uaua, ngā io, me te ngākau hoki. | ||
| Te nui o te konupūmā | Te ānini o te upoko, te ngenge rawa, ngā kōhatu tākihi, te mamae o te puku, te mate kōroke, te ngakau koretake. | Te pōhēhē, te kōpeketanga o ngā uaua, me te kikī o ngā uaua o te korokoro, e uaua ai te kōrero, te manawa rānei. |
| Konupora (Maknesium / Mg2+) - Āwhina ki te whakaputa pūngao, te mahi a te roro me te uaua. | ||
| Te nui o te konupūmā | Ka puta pea ngā panonitanga o te tere o te ngakau, te uaua ki te manawa, tae atu ki te hopukanga o te ngakau. | Ngāwari te ngoikore o te uaua, ngā mamae o te uaua, ngā hē o te manawa o te ngakau. |
| Hauhāora (Cl-) - Āwhina ki te whakahaere i te taurite wai me te pH o te tinana. | ||
| Te nui rawa o te kōroreemia | Te pikinga o te waikawa i roto i te toto (acidosis), te whakapairuaki, te ruaki, te ngenge rawa, te tere o te manawa. | Te pikinga o te kawakore i roto i te toto (alkalosis), te kohu roro, te koretake o te manawa o te ngakau, me te mamae o ngā uaua. |
| Phosphate (Phosphate / PO43−) - He poraka hanga o te DNA, e āwhina ana i ngā pūtau ki te whakaputa pūngao. | ||
| Te Hiperphosphatemia | He maha ngā wā ka iti te taumata o te konupūmā. Ka nui pea te mākūkū. | Ngā ngoikore o te uaua. Ngā kēhi kino, te pakaru o te uaua (rhabdomyolysis), ngā haurangi, te uaua ki te manawa. |
| Paikāponate (Paikāponate / HCO3−) - Āwhina ki te whakahaere i te pH (waikawa/kawakore) o te toto. | ||
| Te pikinga o te kawakawa (alkalosis) | Te kohu roro, te ngenge, te tere o te manawa, te mamae o ngā uaua. | Te waikawa (ngāwari) - te whakapairuaki, te ruaki, te ngenge nui, te manawa tere me te manawa hohonu. |
Me pēhea koe e mōhio ai mēnā he raruraru kei roto i te electrolyte?
Mena kei a koe ngā tohu kua whakahuatia ake nei, tera pea ka whakapae tō tākuta kei te kore taurite te electrolyte. Hei whakaū i tēnei, ka whakahaerehia e rātou ētahi whakamātautau toto me te mimi .
Kua rongo pea koe i ēnei.
- Paewhiri Pūnaha Taketake o te Pūnaha Whakaora (BMP): Ka taea e tēnei te hoatu he whakaaro whānui mō ngā irahiko matua (pēnei i te konutai, te pāhare pāporo, te pūhaumāota) me te mahi a te tākihi.
- Papatohu Pūnaha Whakaora Katoa (CMP): He taipitopito ake tēnei i te BMP. Kei roto ngā mōhiohio mō ētahi atu mea pēnei i te konupūmā me ngā whākōkī ate.
- Paewhiri Irahiko: Ka tirohia noa e tēnei ngā taumata irahiko.
Mena ka whakaatuhia he rerekētanga i roto i ēnei whakamātautau taketake, ka tonoa pea e tō tākuta ētahi atu whakamātautau motuhake hei tautuhi i te take.
Me pēhea taku mārama ki ngā uara o te pūrongo?
Ka whakaurua ki te pūrongo whakamātautau ka riro i a koe tētahi "awhe tohutoro" me tō uara. Mena kei roto tō uara i taua awhe, ka kiia he mea noa.
Engari kia maumahara, i ētahi wā ka paku neke atu ō uara i te awhe noa, engari kāore pea e waiho hei raruraru nui. Ā, i ētahi wā, ahakoa kei roto ō uara i te awhe noa, ki te puta mai ngā tohu, he raruraru rerekē pea.
He rite tēnei ki te takahuri i tētahi pereti ki runga i tētahi rākau. Ko te taurite te mea nui. Kei te ngana tonu ō tātou tinana ki te pupuri i tēnei taurite. Nō reira, ko tō tākuta anake ka taea te hoatu ki a koe te whakamāramatanga pai rawa atu o te tikanga o ngā hua o tō whakamātautau.Nō reira, kōrero ki tō tākuta mō tēnei mea.
Āhea ahau me toro atu ki te tākuta?
He mea noa pea ngā tohu o te kore taurite o te electrolyte, pērā i te ngenge me te whanoke. Engari, ki te pā mai ēnei tohu ki a koe, me toro atu koe ki te tākuta.
- Mena kei te pāngia koe e te ngenge, te ngoikore rānei tonu .
- Mena kei te tere, kei te rerekē rānei te ahua o tō ngakau .
- Mena kei te pōhēhē koe, kei te ohooho, kei te ngaro rānei tō mahara .
- Mena ka pāngia koe e te mamae uaua i ngā wā katoa, e te kōpeketanga o te uaua, e te kikī rānei .
- Mena he nui tō whakapairuaki, tō ruaki, tō korere rānei .
Ki te pā mai ēnei tohu ki a koe, kaua e warewarehia. Mā te rongoā i te wā tika ka ārai i ngā raruraru nui.
Karere Tangohia ki te Kāinga
- Ko ngā irahiko hiko he momo kohuke he mea nui mō te mahi tika a ngā io, ngā uaua, te ngākau me te roro o tō tātou tinana.
- Ko te taurite te mea nui rawa. Ka taea e te nui me te kore te arahi ki te mate.
- Ka whiwhi tātou i ēnei mai i te kai taurite me ngā wai e inuhia ana e tātou. He tino pai ngā hua rākau, ngā huawhenua, me ngā karaka.
- I ngā wā pēnei i te werawera nui, te ruaki, te korere rānei, ka ngaro pea te nui o ngā electrolytes i te tinana. He mea nui kia inu i te inu pēnei i a Jeevani i ēnei wā.
- Mena kei a koe ngā tohu pēnei i te ngenge tonu, te mamae o ngā uaua, te huringa rānei o te tere o te ngakau, kaua e warewarehia , engari me toro atu ki tō tākuta mō ētahi tohutohu .
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