Tiyeni tiphunzire za mankhwala omwe madokotala a mano amapereka. (Mankhwala ndi Mankhwala a Mano)

Kodi munapitapo kwa dokotala wa mano? Mukapita, munapatsidwa mitundu yonse ya mankhwala monga kudzaza mano, kuchotsa mano, kapena chithandizo cha chingamu. Nthawi zina munapatsidwa jakisoni kuti mugwire dzanzi pakamwa panu, kapena munapatsidwa mankhwala oti mupite nawo kunyumba. Chifukwa chake, lero tikambirana za mitundu ya mankhwala omwe madokotala a mano amagwiritsa ntchito (Madokotala a Mano ndi Tiyeni tikambirane mwachidule za zomwe izi ndi, zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito, komanso zabwino ndi zoyipa zake.

Ndi mitundu iti ya mankhwala a mano omwe madokotala a mano amagwiritsa ntchito?

Mwachidule, madokotala a mano amagwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osiyanasiyana pochiza mavuto osiyanasiyana azaumoyo mkamwa mwanu. Mankhwalawa angathandize kuchepetsa ululu ngati muli nawo, kukutonthozani, kupewa matenda, kapena kulimbana ndi matenda.

Dokotala wanu wa mano adzakulangizani mankhwala kutengera zinthu zambiri, kuphatikizapo zosowa zanu, zaka zanu, matenda ena, mankhwala omwe mukumwa panopa, ndi kulemera kwanu. Chifukwa chake, mankhwala omwewo sangagwire ntchito kwa aliyense.

Tsopano tiyeni tiwone mfundo yaikulu Kodi mitundu ya mankhwala omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito mu mano ndi iti?

• Mankhwala ochepetsa ululu kapena ochepetsa ululu: Izi ndi zomwe nthawi zambiri zimathandiza kuchepetsa ululu mukachotsa mano ndi kuwaza mano.
• Mankhwala oletsa kuwola kwa mano kapena oletsa plaque ndi gingivitis: Mankhwalawa amathandiza kuti mano akhale athanzi.
• Pakamwa pouma kapena malovu ambiri Mankhwala oletsa malovu : Anthu ena ali ndi vuto la pakamwa pouma, pomwe ena ali ndi vuto la malovu ambiri. Palinso mankhwala ochizira vutoli.
• Mankhwala opha tizilombo toyambitsa matenda: Mankhwala operekedwa kuti amenyane ndi matenda a bakiteriya.
• Mankhwala oletsa mavairasi: Amathandiza kuchepetsa matenda opatsirana ndi mavairasi.
• Mankhwala oletsa bowa : Izi zimaperekedwa pa matenda a bowa, monga thrush ya mkamwa.
• Mankhwala ochepetsa ululu: Izi zimathandiza kuti mukhale bata mukalandira chithandizo.
• Mankhwala Ochepetsa Kupanikizika: Nthawi zina amaperekedwa kwa anthu omwe amaopa kupita kwa dokotala.

Mitundu ya mankhwala omwe mungapeze ku chipatala cha mano

Kaya mukutsuka mano anu, mukudzazidwa, kapena mukuchitidwa opaleshoni yaikulu monga kutsekereza mizu ya mano, dokotala wa mano adzagwiritsa ntchito mtundu wina wa mankhwala. Tiyeni tiwone chomwe chili.

Mankhwala operekedwa kuti achepetse ululu kapena kupereka mpumulo panthawi ya chithandizo

Madokotala a mano amagwiritsa ntchito mankhwala oletsa ululu kuti agwire gawo la pakamwa panu kuti musamve kupweteka kulikonse. Tangoganizirani ululu womwe ungakhalepo ngati mutachotsedwa dzino ngati simunalandire mankhwala oletsa ululu! Kupweteka kumeneku sikungochepetsa ululu, komanso kumakupangitsani kuti musamachite mantha kwambiri.

Mankhwala oletsa ululu amenewa akhoza kubwera ngati gel, spray, jakisoni, kapena mpweya womwe mumapuma. Mitundu iyi imagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri mu mano:

• Mankhwala oletsa ululu a pakamwa : Nthawi zambiri amakhala ngati gel ndipo amapakidwa pamalo a pakamwa pomwe mukufuna kupangitsa kuti pakhale dzanzi. Chitsanzo ndi benzocaine. Mukapaka jakisoni musanapereke jakisoni, simudzamva ngakhale jakisoniyo.
• Mankhwala oletsa ululu am'deralo: Mankhwalawa nthawi zambiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito podzaza mano ndi kuchotsa mano. Lidocaine ndi mtundu wotchuka wa mankhwala oletsa ululu. Izi zimapangitsa kuti malo ozungulira dzino omwe akuchiritsidwa asagwire bwino ntchito. Mukudziwa bwino ndipo mutha kulankhula, koma simudzamva kupweteka kulikonse.
• Mankhwala oletsa ululu: Izi zimachepetsa thupi lanu lonse ndikukugonetsani tulo. Izi nthawi zambiri zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pa opaleshoni yayikulu.

Nthawi zina, dokotala wa mano angakupatseni mankhwala ochepetsa ululu kuti akupatseni tulo tochepa. Izi zidzakuthandizani kuyankha zomwe gulu lachipatala likunena, koma mudzakhala omasuka kwambiri. Njira ina yotchuka ndikukupatsani nitrous oxide, kapena "mpweya woseka." Izi zidzakuthandizani kukhala omasuka panthawi ya chithandizo.

Ngati muli ndi kuthamanga kwa magazi (kuthamanga kwa magazi), dokotala wanu wa mano angasakanize epinephrine pang'ono ndi mankhwala oletsa ululu am'deralo. Izi zithandiza kuchepetsa kutuluka magazi panthawi ya opaleshoni.

Mankhwala oletsa kuwola kwa mano

Kuwola kwa dzino ndi kuwonongeka kwa enamel ya dzino ndi ma asidi. Chifukwa chachikulu cha izi ndi zakudya zomwe timadya zokhala ndi shuga. Madokotala a mano nthawi zambiri amalimbikitsa fluoride kuti alimbikitse mano ndikuletsa kuwola kwa mano. Fluoride ndi mchere womwe umapezeka mwachilengedwe. Lankhulani ndi dokotala wanu za chithandizo chabwino kwambiri cha fluoride kwa inu. Angakulimbikitseni kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala otsukira mano a fluoride kapena chotsukira pakamwa, kapena mutha kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala a fluoride m'mano anu ku ofesi ya dokotala wa mano.

Mankhwala oletsa kuwola kwa mano ndi matenda a gingivitis

Cholembera cha mano ndi khungu la mabakiteriya lomwe limapangika pa mano. Ngati sichitsukidwa bwino, chingayambitse matenda a gingivitis, gawo loyamba la matenda a chingamu. Mpweya woipa umagwirizanitsidwanso ndi izi.

Madokotala a mano nthawi zambiri amagwiritsa ntchito izi kuchotsa zolembera za mano ndikuletsa kapena kuchiza matenda a gingivitis.Mankhwala opha tizilombo otchedwa chlorhexidine (monga Peridex™) amagwiritsidwa ntchito. Nthawi zambiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati chotsukira pakamwa. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito kuchepetsa mabakiteriya omwe amayambitsa matenda a mano, kapena pambuyo pochiza mano (nthawi zambiri kwa kanthawi kochepa).

Komabe, kugwiritsa ntchito chlorhexidine kungapangitse mano kudzaza tartar, komanso kungayambitse mano odetsedwa, zodzaza, ndi mano opangidwa ndi mano. Kungakhudzenso kukoma kwanu. Chifukwa chake, ndikofunikira kugwiritsa ntchito moyenera monga momwe dokotala wanu wanenera komanso kuyang'aniridwa mano anu nthawi zonse.

Mitundu ya mankhwala a mano ogwiritsidwa ntchito kunyumba

Nthawi zina dokotala wa mano angakupatseni mankhwala oti mumwe kunyumba, kaya musanayambe kapena mutapita kuchipatala.

Mankhwala a kupweteka kwa dzino ndi zilonda pakamwa

Ngati muvala mano opangidwa ndi mano kapena zomangira mano, mutha kumva kupweteka komanso kusasangalala. Muthanso kumva kupweteka chifukwa cha kupweteka kwa dzino kapena zilonda za m'mimba. Mankhwala ochepetsa ululu ( monga Anbesol®, Orajel®, kapena Xylocaine®) angathandize kuchepetsa ululu. Komabe, ndi bwino kufunsa dokotala musanagwiritse ntchito mankhwalawa. Musagwiritse ntchito mankhwalawa pa ululu wotulutsa mano mwa makanda.

Mankhwala ochepetsa ululu awa amabwera m'njira zosiyanasiyana:

• Kirimu kapena phala la mano
• Gel
• Lozenge
• Kutsuka pakamwa
• Mafuta odzola
• Utsi

Mungafunike mankhwala ochepetsa ululu musanachite opaleshoni yodzaza, kuyika korona, kapena kuchitidwa opaleshoni ya pakamwa. Dokotala wanu angakupatseni mankhwala ochepetsa ululu omwe mumagwiritsa ntchito pakamwa kapena omwe mumagwiritsa ntchito pakamwa.

Zitsanzo za izi ndi izi:

• `Acetaminophen` (monga Panadol)
• `Corticosteroids` (izi ndi mtundu wa mankhwala operekedwa kuti achepetse kutupa)
• Mankhwala oletsa kutupa osagwiritsa ntchito steroidal (NSAIDs) : Mankhwala monga Ibuprofen, Aspirin, ndi Naproxen amagwiritsidwa ntchito pa ululu wochepa mpaka wocheperako. Komabe, musapereke aspirin kwa ana aang'ono ndi makanda popanda upangiri wa dokotala wa mano.
• Ma opioid (mankhwala amphamvu ochepetsa ululu omwe amagwera m'gulu la mankhwala osokoneza bongo): Izi zitha kuperekedwa pa ululu wapakati mpaka waukulu pambuyo pa opaleshoni monga kuchotsa mano, kulumikiza chingamu, ndi kuyika mano m'thupi. Komabe, ziyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito mosamala chifukwa zimakhala ndi chiopsezo chogwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo.

Nthawi zambiri, mankhwala ochepetsa ululu omwe amaperekedwa ndi dokotala amapereka mankhwala abwino kapena abwino kwambiri oletsa ululu monga ma opioid. Ma opioid ndi owopsa kwambiri. Choncho lankhulani ndi dokotala wanu za mankhwala ochepetsa ululu omwe ndi abwino kwa inu.

Mankhwala ochepetsa ululu angayambitse mavuto monga kuuma pakamwa (xerostomia), matenda a chingamu, komanso kuwola kwa mano. Lankhulani ndi dokotala wanu za izi.

Mankhwala ochiza pakamwa pouma kapena malovu ambiri

Pakamwa pouma pamatanthauza kuti tinthu ta m'kamwa mwanu sitipanga malovu okwanira. Izi zingapangitse kuti zikhale zovuta kumeza, kulankhula, komanso kuwola mano kwambiri. Pali mankhwala (sialagogues) omwe angapangitse kuti malovu apangidwe kwambiri. Zitsanzo ndi izi:

• `Cevimeline`
• 'Pilocarpine'
• Malovu: Izi zimachepetsa kwakanthawi zizindikiro za pakamwa pouma.

Anthu ena ali ndi vuto la kupanga malovu ambiri (hypersalivation). Pali mankhwala (antisialagogues) omwe angaperekedwe kuti achepetse kupanga malovu ndi tinthu ta m'malovu. Zitsanzo:

• 'Atropine sulfate'
• `Glycopyrrolate`
• 'Scopolamine'

Maantibayotiki a matenda aakulu a m'kamwa (Periodontitis)

Matenda a m'kamwa akakula kwambiri, kutanthauza kuti akafika pa siteji ya periodontitis, dokotala wanu wa mano angakupatseni mankhwala opha tizilombo toyambitsa matenda (monga amoxicillin kapena doxycycline). Mankhwalawa amathandiza kulimbana ndi matenda a bakiteriya ndikuletsa kuwonongeka kwa minofu ya m'kamwa ndi mafupa ozungulira mano anu.

Maantibayotiki opatsirana ndi mabakiteriya mkamwa

Madokotala a mano amagwiritsa ntchito mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya maantibayotiki pochiza matenda oyambitsidwa ndi mabakiteriya mkamwa. Izi zitha kukhala zotsukira mkamwa, mafuta odzola, mapiritsi, kapena zakumwa.

Mwachitsanzo, nthawi zina, munthu amene ali ndi matenda aakulu a m'kamwa (periodontitis) angapatsidwe mankhwala opha tizilombo toyambitsa matenda asanayambe kapena atalandira chithandizo cha mano. Izi ndi cholinga choletsa mabakiteriya omwe amapezeka m'minofu yozungulira mano kuti asalowe m'magazi ndikuyambitsa matenda kwina m'thupi.

Ena mwa maantibayotiki omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri mu mano ndi awa:

• `Amoxicillin`
• `Clindamycin`
• `Azithromycin`

Chithandizo chanu chingakhale ndi mankhwala opha tizilombo okha kapena kuphatikiza ndi mankhwala ena ndi mankhwala. Chofunika kwambiri ndikumwa mankhwala opha tizilombo nthawi yonse ya chithandizo monga momwe dokotala wanu wanenera. Apo ayi, matendawa angabwererenso.

Mankhwala oletsa mavairasi mkamwa

Ngakhale madokotala ena angapereke mankhwala a chimfine kapena fuluwenza, madokotala a mano amathandizanso matenda opatsirana ndi mavairasi mkamwa (monga zilonda za chimfine). Mankhwala oletsa mavairasi sangachiritse matenda opatsirana ndi mavairasi kwathunthu, koma amatha kuchepetsa zizindikiro.

Mitundu ya mankhwala a ``(antiviral)`` omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito mu mano:

• `Acyclovir`
• `Valacyclovir`
• `Famciclovir`

Mankhwala oletsa bowa pakamwa (monga thrush)

Matenda a Thrush ndi matenda ofala omwe amayamba chifukwa cha bowa wotchedwa Candida albicans. Lekani kufalikira, dokotala wa manoMankhwala oletsa bowa amagwiritsidwanso ntchito. Amaperekedwanso pa matenda a mano obisika otchedwa stomatitis, matenda a bowa omwe amapezeka mkamwa mwa anthu omwe amavala mano obisika.

Mankhwalawa angatengedwe ngati mapiritsi kapena mapiritsi. Kapena mutha kusamba mankhwala amadzimadzi pakamwa panu ndikuwalavula kapena kumeza. Mitundu yodziwika bwino ndi iyi:

• 'Clotrimazole'
• `Fluconazole`
• `Miconazole`
• `Nystatin`

Kodi pali mankhwala ochizira mantha a chithandizo cha mano?

Anthu ambiri amaopa pang'ono kapena amada nkhawa ndi kupita kwa dokotala wa mano. Izi ndi zachilendo. Koma ngati mantha awa ndi aakulu kwambiri moti akukhudza moyo wanu watsiku ndi tsiku moti mukupewa kupita kwa dokotala wa mano, lankhulani ndi dokotala wa mano za vutoli. Iye angakuphunzitseni njira zochepetsera mantha anu ndikupumula. Angakutumizireninso kwa mlangizi wa zaumoyo wamaganizo kuti akakambirane za mankhwala ochepetsa nkhawa zanu ndi/kapena kuvutika maganizo.

Nkhawa ingakhudzenso thanzi la mkamwa mwanu. Mwachitsanzo:

• Mwina mukukulitsa kukanda mano anu (`bruxism`) popanda kuzindikira.
• Zingayambitse matenda a temporomandibular joint (TMJ). Nthawi zina, madokotala a mano amatha kupereka mankhwala opumulira minofu kuti athandize kuthana ndi matenda a TMJ.
• Ngati simungathe kuchita zinthu zatsiku ndi tsiku monga kutsuka mano anu bwino, thanzi lanu la mano likhoza kufooka.

Kodi ubwino wa mankhwala awa mu mano ndi wotani?

Dokotala wa mano amagwiritsa ntchito mankhwalawa kuti akutetezeni, mukhale omasuka, komanso athanzi. Mankhwala aliwonse ali ndi ubwino wosiyana.

Mankhwala ena amalimbana ndi matenda, ena amapangitsa kuti chithandizo chikhale chosavuta. Ena amathandiza kuti mano ndi mkamwa zikhale zathanzi, komanso kuchepetsa ululu. Lankhulani ndi dokotala wa mano za mankhwala omwe mungafunike komanso mavuto omwe mukukumana nawo.

Kodi pali zotsatirapo kapena zoopsa zilizonse ndi mankhwalawa?

Mankhwala ambiri omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito mu udokotala wa mano amakhala ndi chiopsezo chochepa cha zotsatirapo zoyipa. Komabe, nthawi zina, mankhwala operekedwa pa vuto lina amatha kuwonjezera chiopsezo cha vuto lina.

Mwachitsanzo, mankhwala ena amphamvu ochepetsa ululu angapangitse kuti mano anu awonongeke kapena pakamwa pouma. Dokotala wanu wa mano angakuuzeni za zoopsa ndi ubwino wa mankhwala aliwonse ndikukuthandizani kupewa mavuto.

Kumbukirani kuti dokotala wanu wa mano adzakupatsani mankhwala mutaganizira bwino komanso malinga ndi thanzi lanu. Chifukwa chake, ndikofunikira kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwalawo monga momwe dokotalayo wanenera.

Pomaliza, zinthu zoti muzikumbukira

Madokotala a mano amagwiritsa ntchito mankhwalawa kuti athetse mavuto a pakamwa panu, mano, ndi m'kamwa mwanu mosamala komanso moyenera. Mankhwalawa angathandize kuchepetsa ululu, kuchepetsa nkhawa zanu musanachite opaleshoni, kuchiza matenda, kapena kupewa mavuto ena.

Chofunika kwambiri ndi ichi:

• Lankhulani ndi dokotala wanu wa mano za mankhwala omwe mukufuna, momwe amagwirira ntchito, komanso momwe mudzamvere mukawamwa.
• Funsani dokotala wanu mafunso kapena nkhawa zilizonse zomwe mungakhale nazo. Mukatero mudzakhala ndi chidaliro komanso osaopa chithandizo cha mano.
• Imwani mankhwala omwe dokotala wakupatsani, monga momwe mwalangizidwira, komanso pa nthawi yake.
• Uzani dokotala wanu wa mano za mankhwala ena aliwonse omwe mukumwa, ziwengo zilizonse zomwe muli nazo, ndi matenda ena aliwonse omwe muli nawo. Izi ndizofunikira kwambiri, chifukwa mankhwala ena sangagwirizane.

Kotero, nthawi ina mukapita kwa dokotala wa mano, ndikukhulupirira kuti izi zikuthandizani kuti musaope mankhwala omwe akuperekedwa, koma kuti muwamvetse bwino!

Mankhwala a mano , mankhwala a mano, mankhwala a pakamwa, mankhwala ochepetsa ululu, mankhwala opweteka mano, kudzaza mano, kuchotsa mano, matenda a chingamu, mankhwala oletsa matenda, thanzi la mano